L'œuvre principalement photographique de Kimiko Yoshida (née le 23 juin 1963 au Japon et installée en France depuis 1995) se fonde sur la création de « mythes» à travers ses autoportraits. Les « mythes du Photographe» à l'origine des « fonctions» de son œuvre - visant entre autres à « informer, représenter, surprendre, faire signifier, donner envie» selon Roland Barthes dans La chambre claire - trouvent leurs sources dans la société, la culture, l'époque auxquelles l'artiste appartient et par conséquent également dans ce qui touche à la singularité de la personnalité, du vécu, de l'histoire à l'échelle intime de celui-ci. De fait, le titre général de cette étude énonce une quête des « mythes personnels et pluriels dans l'œuvre de Kimiko Yoshida », dont le thème de « rentre-deux» constitue la posture esthétique majeure, l'artiste et son œuvre se trouvant entre Japon et Occident, entre figuration et abstraction, entre réalité et fiction, entre citation et transgression. Ce discours fictionnel par l'image et dans l'image subit différentes métamorphoses qui forment les quatre axes fondateurs de la thèse, à savoir l'entre-deux particulier du « personnage conceptuel» défini par Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari dans Qu'est-ce que la philosophie / appliqué à la « signature» Kimiko Yoshida : l'étude d'un entre-deux géographique et culturel définissant un « syncrétisme» artistique singulier: les illustrations des différentes dimensions spatio-temporelles perceptibles dans l ' œuvre de Kimiko Yoshida, notamment à travers les (enjeux des couleurs des images : et l'interrogation concernant la place du sujet à l'image, entre trace et absence. / The work of Kimiko Yoshida (born on June 23rd, 1963, in Japan and living in France since 1995), mainly based on photography, is founded on the creation of « myths ». This study is about searching, defining and analysing the « functions » of Kimiko Yoshida's self-portraits. The « myths of the Photographer », at the origins of her work's functions - aiming. amongst others, to « inform, represent, surprise, signify, create desire» according to Roland Barthes' Camera Lucida - are rooted in the society, the culture and the time the artist belongs to, and as a consequence also in the singularity of his/her personality, experience, and intimate story. Thus, the general title of this study brings forwards a research of « personal and plural myths in Kimiko Yoshida's work of art», whose topic of the « in-between » is the main aesthetic position, the artist and her work situated between Japan and the West between representation and abstraction, between reality and fiction, between quotation and transgression. The fictional speech through and in the image undergoes several transformations which make up the four founding lines of this thesis, that is to say the distinctive in-between of the « conceptual character » defined by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari in Whut is Philosophy ) applied to Kirniko Yoshida's name : the study of a geographical and cultural in-between defining a singular artistic « syncretism » : the illustrations of the several perceptible space-time dimensions in Kimiko Yoshida's work, notably through the games/aims of the images' colours : and the questioning about the subject in the image, between trace and absence.

Introdução. A intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) é um dos tratamentos para pacientes com doença arterial coronária (DAC). Essa intervenção deve ser acompanhada de outras medidas terapêuticas com o intuito de reduzir as incapacidades e o risco de novos eventos coronários; de controlar a progressão da doença; e de melhorar a qualidade de vida. Essas medidas compreendem a prevenção secundária da DAC e estão, principalmente, relacionadas às mudanças no estilo de vida para o manejo de fatores de risco para DAC. O contato por telefone tem sido utilizado por profissionais da área da saúde para o seguimento do paciente e da família no cuidado com diversas condições crônicas, incluindo a DAC. Objetivo. Desenvolver, implementar e avaliar um programa educativo com seguimento por telefone, durante o período de quatro meses após a alta hospitalar, para pacientes submetidos à ICP com o objetivo de melhorar o estado de saúde percebido, a autoeficácia, a adesão aos medicamentos e o estado emocional desses pacientes, bem como comparar desfechos do Programa Educativo com os de serviços de rotina hospitalar. Método. Ensaio clínico controlado e aleatorizado, realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto. A amostra deste estudo foi constituída pelos pacientes submetidos à primeira ICP, entre agosto de 2011 e junho de 2012. Os participantes foram aleatorizados para o Programa Educativo com Seguimento por Telefone (grupo intervenção [GI]: 30 participantes) ou cuidado conforme a rotina da instituição (grupo controle [GC]: 30 participantes). O referencial teórico que fundamentou o Programa Educativo aplicado neste estudo foi o construto de autoeficácia, presente na Teoria Social Cognitiva de Albert Bandura. O desfecho principal foi o estado de saúde percebido, avaliado pelo Medical Outcomes Survey 36- Item Short Form (SF-36), e os desfechos secundários foram a autoeficácia avaliada pela Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida, a adesão aos medicamentos por meio do instrumento Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT) e o estado emocional (ansiedade e depressão) avaliado pela Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS). Os desfechos foram avaliados antes do procedimento (T0) e seis meses após a ICP (T1). A análise foi por análise descritiva, análise de variância para medidas repetidas, teste de Qui-quadrado e risco relativo com intervalo de confiança de 95%. O nível de significância foi de 0,05. Este ensaio clínico foi registrado sob o número NCT01341093. Resultados. Na avaliação do estado de saúde percebido, com um nível de significância de 0,05, nenhuma interação (tempo e grupo) ou grupo foi estaticamente significante, mas houve interação entre tempo e grupo com valores de nível de significância entre 0,05 e 0,10 no Sumário do Componente Mental (p=0,08) e no domínio Aspectos Emocionais (p=0,07) e melhora no domínio Aspectos Sociais no GI (p=0,10). Na avaliação da autoeficácia, não houve diferenças entre os grupos ou tempos. Houve alta percentagem de participantes que relataram adesão aos medicamentos nos tempos T0 e T1, nos dois grupos (mais de 90% inicial e no seguimento). Na avaliação da ansiedade, seis meses após a ICP, houve aumento de não-caso de ansiedade no GI e diminuição no GC, e a associação entre as variáveis foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,04). Ao final do seguimento, o risco relativo do GI de ser não-caso de ansiedade foi de 1,6 (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%=1,0 a 2,4) quando comparado com o GC. Em relação à depressão, não houve evidência de diferenças no percentual de pacientes não- caso de depressão entre os grupos (GI e GC), tanto na internação como no seguimento. Ao final do seguimento, o risco relativo do GI de ser não-caso de depressão foi de 0,8 (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%=0,6 a 1,1), quando comparado com o GC. Conclusão. O Programa Educativo com Seguimento por Telefone é uma intervenção promissora para melhorar o estado de saúde percebido e para reduzir a ansiedade de pacientes submetidos à ICP. Pode ser necessário aperfeiçoar a intervenção para que haja efeitos na autoeficácia e na depressão. Os instrumentos para medidas de autoeficácia e de adesão aos medicamentos precisam ser melhorados / Introduction. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the treatments available for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. This intervention should be accompanied by other therapeutic interventions with the aim of reducing disabilities and the risk of new coronary events, controlling the progression of the disease, and improving the quality of life. These interventions comprise the secondary prevention of CAD and are mainly related to lifestyle changes, aiming to manage risk factors for CAD. Health professionals have used telephone follow-up to monitor patients and families in the delivery of care to different chronic conditions, including CAD. Objective. To develop, to implement and to assess an educational program with telephone follow-up, during four months after hospital discharge, for patients submitted to PCI, with the aim of improving the perceived health status, self-efficacy, medication adherence and emotional status of these patients, as well as to compare outcomes of the Educational Program with routine hospital services. Method. Randomized controlled clinical trial, developed at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School Hospital das Clínicas, Brazil. The study sample included patients who had been submitted to their first PCI between August 2011 and June 2012. The participants were randomly assigned to the Educational Program with Telephone Follow-up (intervention group [IG]: 30 participants) and routine care (control group [CG]: 30 participants). The theoretical framework that supported the Educational Program applied in this study was the self-efficacy construct in Albert Bandura\'s Social Cognitive Theory. The main outcome was the perceived health status, assessed using the Medical Outcomes Survey 36- Item Short Form (SF-36); and the secondary outcomes were self-efficacy, assessed using the Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale; medication adherence, assessed using the Medida de Adesão ao Tratamento (MAT); and the emotional status (anxiety and depression), assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The outcomes were evaluated before the procedure (T0) and six months after the PCI (T1). Descriptive analysis was applied, as well as variance analysis for repeated measures, the chi-square test and relative risk, with the confidence interval set at 95%. Significance was set at 0.05. This clinical trial was registered under number NCT01341093. Results. In the assessment of the perceived health status, with significance set at 0.05, no interaction (time and group) or group was statistically significant, but interaction between time and group was verified, with significance levels ranging between 0.05 and 0.10 in the Mental Component Summary (p=0.08) and in the Emotional Aspects domain (p=0.07); as well as improvement in the Social Aspects domain for the IG (p=0.10). In the assessment of self-efficacy, no differences were found between the groups or times. Many participants indicated medication adherence at T0 and T1 in the two groups (more than 90% initially and during the follow-up). In the assessment of anxiety levels six months after the PCI, the number of non-cases of anxiety increased in IG and dropped in CG, with a statistically significant association between the variables (p=0.04). At the end of the monitoring, the relative risk of being a non-case of anxiety in IG corresponded to 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.0 - 2.4) when compared to CG. As regards depression, no evidence was found of differences in the percentage of patients non-case of depression between the groups (IG and CG), neither during hospitalization nor during follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, the relative risk of IG being a non-case of depression corresponded to 0.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.6 - 1.1) when compared to CG. Conclusion. The Educational Program with Telephone Follow-up is a promising intervention to improve the perceived health status and reduce the anxiety of patients submitted to PCI. The intervention may need further development to influence self-efficacy and depression. Self-efficacy and medication adherence instruments need improvements

The aim of this diploma thesis, which is entitled "Media Education in schools - critical-analytic or production approach", is to map the current state of practice of media education in a sample of secondary schools (gymnasiums) in central Bohemia. Our goal is to provide readers with broader theoretical insight into the concept of media literacy (as a goal of any media education), to capture a brief history of development of the perspective on the role of media education, as well as to examine how media education is incorporated within the Czech system of secondary education, and also to reflect on its possible forms of implementation. Last but not least, the intent of the thesis is to describe two basic approaches to media education, both of which are directed to development of media literacy. Our research led by a combination of questionnaires and interviews with educators suppose to be used as a tool that should help us to bridge the theory with an image of factual practice. The research part primarily aims to provide insight into framework of the current practice of teaching media education in secondary schools in central Bohemia, and through interpretation of the main remarks points to (at least) basic issues which teachers of media education must deal with.

Investigamos o quanto o conhecimento de língua inglesa e as capacidades científicas dos orientadores podem predizer significativamente o sucesso que estudantes de pós-graduação em Psiquiatria num país emergente obtêm em termos da quantidade e qualidade de publicações de resultados de suas pesquisas em periódicos de impacto. Usando como amostra alunos de mestrado e doutorado do curso de Pós- Graduação da área de concentração do Departamento de Psiquiatria da FMUSP, foram levantadas informações sobre seus conhecimentos na língua inglesa e os caminhos utilizados para a tradução de seus artigos submetidos para periódicos publicados em inglês. O número de sujeitos foi de 43 participantes, sendo 28 mestrandos e 15 doutorandos. A maioria de nossos sujeitos (60%) obteve notas acima de 80 (em possíveis 100) para conhecimentos em língua inglesa no momento do ingresso no curso. No entanto, mais de 93,7% utilizou algum grau de assistência externa na elaboração da tradução de artigos científicos submetidos para publicação a partir de suas teses, ainda que a proporção de uso de serviços para tradução integral de artigos tenha sido pequena (20,9%). Análises de regressão múltipla realizadas mostraram haver uma relação significativa entre conhecimento de língua inglesa (nota de entrada) e fator de impacto obtido (p = 0,03). Contudo, relação significativa foi também encontrada ao se relacionar os índices de produção científica dos sujeitos com o índice h de seus orientadores (p = 0,03), bem como uma trend de associação com a busca de assistência externa para tradução dos artigos (p = 0,05). O conhecimento de inglês, apesar de relevante, não é decisivo para a obtenção de um maior número ou impacto de publicações para pós-graduandos em Psiquiatria e outras variáveis (índice h do orientador e o uso de assistência externa para tradução dos artigos) foram as que também apresentaram significância estatística com as medidas de sucesso da publicação / This study evaluates the success of graduate students in psychiatry in an emerging country, in terms of the quantity and quality of their scientific production (as well as the impact factors of the journals in which they publish), investigating to what extent student proficiency in English and the scientific capabilities of academic advisors predict that success. Our sample comprised 43 master\'s and doctoral students in psychiatry (N=28 and N=15, respectively) at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, in São Paulo, Brazil. We collected information about their knowledge of English and the ways in which they write their articles to be submitted to journals publishing in English. Of the 43 students evaluated, 26 (60%) scored >= 80 (out of 100) on an English test given at admission to the graduate program. However, 40 (93.7%) used some form of external assistance in transforming their theses into articles suitable for submission, although only 9 (20.9%) requested full English translation from a version written in Portuguese. Multiple regression analysis revealed that first-author publication in a high-impact journal correlated significantly not only with student proficiency in English at admission (p=0.03), but also with having the article translated by a third party (p=0.05) as well as with the h-index of the academic advisor (p=0.03). Albeit relevant, knowledge of English was not the key factor for the publication success of the graduate students evaluated. Other variables (h-index of the advisor and third-party translation) appear to be also important predictors of success in publication

La distribution de l'abondance des espèces en un site, et la similarité de la composition taxonomique d'un site à l'autre, sont deux mesures de la biodiversité ayant servi de longue date de base empirique aux écologues pour tenter d'établir les règles générales gouvernant l'assemblage des communautés d'organismes. Pour ce type de mesures intégratives, le séquençage haut-débit d'ADN prélevé dans l'environnement (" ADN environnemental ") représente une alternative récente et prometteuse aux observations naturalistes traditionnelles. Cette approche présente l'avantage d'être rapide et standardisée, et donne accès à un large éventail de taxons microbiens jusqu'alors indétectables. Toutefois, ces jeux de données de grande taille à la structure complexe sont difficiles à analyser, et le caractère indirect des observations complique leur interprétation. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier les modèles statistiques permettant d'exploiter ce nouveau type de données afin de mieux comprendre l'assemblage des communautés. Le deuxième objectif est de tester les approches retenues sur des données de biodiversité du sol en forêt amazonienne, collectées en Guyane française. Deux grands types de processus sont invoqués pour expliquer l'assemblage des communautés d'organismes : les processus "neutres", indépendants de l'espèce considérée, que sont la naissance, la mort et la dispersion des organismes, et les processus liés à la niche écologique occupée par les organismes, c'est-à-dire les interactions avec l'environnement et entre organismes. Démêler l'importance relative de ces deux types de processus dans l'assemblage des communautés est une question fondamentale en écologie ayant de nombreuses implications, notamment pour l'estimation de la biodiversité et la conservation. Le premier chapitre aborde cette question à travers la comparaison d'échantillons d'ADN environnemental prélevés dans le sol de diverses parcelles forestières en Guyane française, via les outils classiques d'analyse statistique en écologie des communautés. Le deuxième chapitre se concentre sur les processus neutres d'assemblages des communautés.[...] / Integrative patterns of biodiversity, such as the distribution of taxa abundances and the spatial turnover of taxonomic composition, have been under scrutiny from ecologists for a long time, as they offer insight into the general rules governing the assembly of organisms into ecological communities. Thank to recent progress in high-throughput DNA sequencing, these patterns can now be measured in a fast and standardized fashion through the sequencing of DNA sampled from the environment (e.g. soil or water), instead of relying on tedious fieldwork and rare naturalist expertise. They can also be measured for the whole tree of life, including the vast and previously unexplored diversity of microorganisms. Taking full advantage of this new type of data is challenging however: DNA-based surveys are indirect, and suffer as such from many potential biases; they also produce large and complex datasets compared to classical censuses. The first goal of this thesis is to investigate how statistical tools and models classically used in ecology or coming from other fields can be adapted to DNA-based data so as to better understand the assembly of ecological communities. The second goal is to apply these approaches to soil DNA data from the Amazonian forest, the Earth's most diverse land ecosystem. Two broad types of mechanisms are classically invoked to explain the assembly of ecological communities: 'neutral' processes, i.e. the random birth, death and dispersal of organisms, and 'niche' processes, i.e. the interaction of the organisms with their environment and with each other according to their phenotype. Disentangling the relative importance of these two types of mechanisms in shaping taxonomic composition is a key ecological question, with many implications from estimating global diversity to conservation issues. In the first chapter, this question is addressed across the tree of life by applying the classical analytic tools of community ecology to soil DNA samples collected from various forest plots in French Guiana. The second chapter focuses on the neutral aspect of community assembly.[...]

El propòsit general de la tesi va ser analitzar les relacions entre el nivell de coneixement previ del tema, els processos de regulació de l'escriptura i la qualitat del text en una mostra d'estudiants universitaris. En l'estudi van participar 24 estudiants de segon any de Magisteri en Educació Infantil, els que van elaborar un text expositiu de comparació i contrast. La recollida de dades va incloure registres de pantalla d'ordinador, auto-informes i documents (notes i text produït).Els resultats de l'estudi son quatre. En primer lloc, els resultats dels autors informes mostren que els dos principals problemes d'escriptura que ambdós grups d'estudiants van esmentar afrontar amb major freqüència durant la composició del text, van ser com elaborar la síntesi comparativa i com organitzar les idees per crear el seu propi text. En segon lloc, en termes descriptius, els resultats indiquen que els estudiants amb alt nivell de coneixements del tema a diferència dels de baix nivell utilitzar una major quantitat de processos de regulació de problemes a nivell superficial del text, especialment en el període inicial i mitjà del procés de composició. A més, s'observa que els estudiants amb major nivell de coneixement utilitzen amb lleugera diferència, una major quantitat de processos de regulació de significat a l'inici i al final de la producció textual, mentre que els dos grups utilitzen una quantitat pràcticament similar durant el període mitjà.En tercer lloc els resultats de l'anàlisi de correlació indiquen que no existeixen relacions significatives entre el nivell de coneixement del tema i l'ús de processos de regulació de l'escriptura, així com tampoc entre el nivell de coneixement del tema i la qualitat del text. En quart lloc, els resultats indiquen que existeixen relacions significatives entre els processos de regulació de problemes superficials en el text i la qualitat del contingut del text produït, en els estudiants d'alt i baix nivell de coneixement previ del tema. A més, es van trobar relacions significatives entre els processos de regulació del significat i la qualitat de l'organització del text, únicament en els estudiants de baix nivell de coneixement previ del tema. Finalment, el treball ofereix discussions dels resultats, assenyala les implicacions educatives i esmenta els aspectes pendents per a la investigació futura en el camp. / El propósito general de la tesis fue analizar las relaciones entre el nivel de conocimiento previo del tema, los procesos de regulación de la escritura y la calidad del texto en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios. En el estudio participaron 24 estudiantes de segundo año de Magisterio en Educación Infantil, quienes elaboraron un texto expositivo de comparación y contraste. La recogida de datos incluyó registros de pantalla de ordenador, auto-informes y documentos (notas y texto producido). Los resultados del estudio son cuatro. En primer lugar, los resultados de los auto-informes muestran que los dos principales problemas de escritura que ambos grupos de estudiantes mencionaron afrontar con mayor frecuencia durante la composición del texto, fueron cómo elaborar la síntesis comparativa y cómo organizar las ideas para crear su propio texto. En segundo lugar, en términos descriptivos, los resultados indican que los estudiantes con alto nivel de conocimientos del tema a diferencia de los de bajo nivel utilizaron una mayor cantidad de procesos de regulación de problemas a nivel superficial del texto, especialmente en el periodo inicial y medio del proceso de composición. Además, se observa que los estudiantes con mayor nivel de conocimiento emplean con ligera diferencia, una mayor cantidad de procesos de regulación de significado al inicio y al final de la producción textual, mientras que ambos grupos utilizan una cantidad prácticamente similar durante el periodo medio. En tercer lugar, los resultados del análisis de correlación indican que no existen relaciones significativas entre el nivel de conocimiento del tema y el uso de procesos de regulación de la escritura, así como tampoco entre el nivel de conocimiento del tema y la calidad del texto. En cuarto lugar, los resultados indican que existen relaciones significativas entre los procesos de regulación de problemas superficiales en el texto y la calidad del contenido del texto producido, en los estudiantes de alto y bajo nivel de conocimiento previo del tema. Además, se encontraron relaciones significativas entre los procesos de regulación del significado y la calidad de la organización del texto, únicamente en los estudiantes de bajo nivel de conocimiento previo del tema. Finalmente, el trabajo ofrece discusiones de los resultados, señala las implicaciones educativas y menciona los aspectos pendientes para la investigación futura en el campo. / The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze the relationship between the level of prior topic knowledge, the regulatory processes of writing and text quality in a sample of university students. The study involved 24 students from second year of Education in Early Childhood Education, who developed an expository text comparison and contrast. Data collection included computer screen registers, self-reports and documents (notes and text produced). The results of the study are fourfold. First, the results of self-reports show that the two main problems of writing that both groups of students mentioned more often face during the writing of the text, were how to develop comparative synthesis and how organize ideas for creating your own text. Second, in descriptive terms, the results indicate that students with high level of topic knowledge in contrast to the low level used a greater number of regulatory processes at the surface problems of the text, especially in the initial period through the process of composition. It is further noted that students with higher level of topic knowledge used with slight difference, a greater number of regulatory processes of meaning at the beginning and end of textual production, while both groups used a similar amount during the middle period.Third, the results of correlation analysis indicate no significant relationship between the level of topic knowledge and use of regulatory processes of writing, nor between the level of topic knowledge and text quality. Fourth, the results indicate that significant relationships between the processes of regulation of surface problems in the text and the quality of the content of the text produced by students with high and low prior topic knowledge. In addition, significant relationships were found between the regulatory processes of meaning and quality of the organization of the text, only in students with low level of prior topic knowledge. Finally, the paper provides discussions of the results, says the educational implications and mentioned the outstanding issues for future research in the field.

L'objectiu general de la tesi va ser analitzar les relacions entre el nivell de coneixements previs del tema (alt i baix), els processos d'autoregulació (planificació, monitoratge i ús d'estratègies) i els nivells de comprensió de múltiples textos expositius (rendiment en una tasca inferencial, comprensió superficial i transferència de coneixements). 40 estudiants de la Llicenciatura en Ciències de l'Educació amb especialitat en Químic-Biològiques van participar en la investigació. L'obtenció de dades va incloure el registre de protocols de pensament en veu alta, així com diferents mesures de comprensió.En primer lloc, els resultats de l'estudi mostren que no existeix una correlació significativa entre el nivell de coneixement previ i els diferents nivells de comprensió. No obstant això, l'anàlisi del grandària de l'efecte assenyala una tendència per part dels estudiants de baix coneixement previ a obtenir un millor rendiment en la tasca inferencial. Per la seva banda els estudiants amb alt coneixement previ només van rendir bé en la mesura de comprensió superficial. En segon lloc l'anàlisi de la grandària de l'efecte indica que el nivell alt de coneixement previ té un impacte rellevant en un major ús d'estratègies d'autoregulació. En tercer lloc es va trobar una relació positiva entre els processos de planificació i monitoratge per al grup d'estudiants de baix coneixement previ, mentre que en el cas dels estudiants d'alt coneixement no es van trobar relacions significatives. En quart lloc, els resultats indiquen una relació negativa entre el procés de planificació i el rendiment en la tasca inferencial per al grup de baixos coneixements, mentre que per als estudiants d'alts coneixements es va trobar una relació significativa entre els processos de planificació i el rendiment en la tasca inferencial. Finalment, les anàlisis de regressió mostren que ni el nivell de coneixement previ ni els processos d'autoregulació prediuen la variància en els nivells de comprensió. Aquests resultats són discutits en termes de la teoria i investigació de la comprensió tant d'un únic i múltiples textos, així com de les teories d'autoregulació de l'aprenentatge. / El objetivo general de la tesis fue analizar las relaciones entre el nivel de conocimientos previos del tema (alto y bajo), los procesos de autorregulación (planeación, monitoreo y uso de estrategias) y los niveles de comprensión de múltiples textos expositivos (rendimiento en una tarea inferencial, comprensión superficial y transferencia de conocimientos). 40 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Educación con especialidad en Químico-Biológicas participaron en la investigación. La obtención de datos incluyó el registro de protocolos de pensamiento en voz alta, así como diferentes medidas de comprensión.En primer lugar, los resultados del estudio muestran que no existe una correlación significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento previo y los diferentes niveles de comprensión. Sin embargo, el análisis del tamaño del efecto señala una tendencia por parte de los estudiantes de bajo conocimiento previo a obtener un mejor rendimiento en la tarea inferencial. Por su parte los estudiantes con alto conocimiento previo solamente rindieron bien en la medida de comprensión superficial. En segundo lugar el análisis del tamaño del efecto indica que el nivel alto de conocimiento previo tiene un impacto relevante en un mayor uso de estrategias de autorregulación. En tercer lugar se encontró una relación positiva entre los procesos de planeación y monitoreo para el grupo de estudiantes de bajo conocimiento previo, mientras que en el caso de los estudiantes de alto conocimiento no se encontraron relaciones significativas. En cuarto lugar, los resultados indican una relación negativa entre el proceso de planeación y el rendimiento en la tarea inferencial para el grupo de bajos conocimientos, mientras que para los estudiantes de altos conocimientos se encontró una relación significativa entre los procesos de planeación y el rendimiento en la tarea inferencial. Finalmente, los análisis de regresión muestran que ni el nivel de conocimiento previo ni los procesos de autorregulación predicen la varianza en los niveles de comprensión. Estos resultados son discutidos en términos de la teoría e investigación de la comprensión tanto de un único y múltiples textos, así como de las teorías de autorregulación del aprendizaje. / The overall objective of the dissertation was to analyze the relationship between the level of background knowledge (high and low), self-regulatory processes (planning, monitoring and use of strategies) and multiple levels of understanding expository texts (performance in a inferential task, surface understanding and knowledge transfer). 40 students from the Bachelor of Science in Education with specialization in Chemical-Biological participated in the investigation. Data collection included recording think-aloud protocols, and various measures of comprehension.First, the results show that there is no significant correlation between the level of background knowledge and different levels of comprehension. However, the effect size analysis indicates a tendency for students with low prior knowledge to better performance on the inferential task. For their part, students with high prior knowledge only performed well in the superficial understanding measure. Secondly, the effect size analysis indicates that the high level of prior knowledge has a significant impact on the greater use of self-regulation strategies. Third, we found a positive relationship between planning and monitoring processes for the group of students with low prior knowledge, whereas in the case of students with high knowledge there were no significant relationships. Fourth, the results indicate a negative relationship between the process of planning and inferential task performance for the low knowledge group, while for higher knowledge students found a significant relationship between planning processes and performance the inferential task. Finally, regression analysis showed that neither the level of prior knowledge nor self-regulatory processes predict the variance in levels of comprehension. These results are discussed in terms of theory and research on both single and multiple texts comprehension and theories of self-regulated learning.

The widely acknowledged doctor shortage in Canada has recently motivated a more critical look at the licensure rates of International Medical Doctors (IMDs), also known as International Medical Graduates (IMGs). However, very little research has been conducted on the experiences of IMDs before they enter the Canadian medical system. This qualitative study collected interview data from 15 diverse IMDs seeking licensure in Ontario, Canada. The participants varied with respect to age, country of origin, English language proficiency on arrival, and time in Canada. In addition, two bridging support programs were observed, and interviews were conducted with three educators from the programs. The interviews were analysed using thematic content analysis (Boyatzis, 1998; Miles & Huberman, 1994). An analysis of metaphors used by the IMDs to describe their experiences during the licensing process supported the use of poetic representation for key findings, resulting in three poems that are interspersed in the body of the thesis (Ellingson, 2011; Glesne, 1997; Richardson, 2002; Richardson & Adams St. Pierre, 2005). The theoretical framework of the research was informed by Vygotskian Sociocultural Theory, which views learning as inseparable from social interaction and context (Vygotsky, 1987). Third-generation Activity Theory (AT), which has descended from Vygotsky’s work, was applied to highlight the higher-level systemic issues related to medical licensing. Results of this study indicate that IMDs with lower English proficiency face substantial difficulties on arrival, with limited access to the type of medically-relevant language instruction needed to support them. In fact, all pre-licensure IMDs struggle to access the interactional learning opportunities (i.e., Vygotskian “mediational means”) to support their entry into the system. Licensing challenges include limited exam preparation resources that support acquisition of Canadian cultural content; unequal access to clinical observerships; and a selection process which lacks transparency and emphasizes a screening tool unfamiliar to IMDs, the residency interview. Implications of this study include the revisiting of immigration policy; increasing the transparency and effectiveness of the selection process/residency interview; reviewing the role of clinical observerships in the selection process and exploring the potential of observerships to function as a licensure portfolio assessment.

The widely acknowledged doctor shortage in Canada has recently motivated a more critical look at the licensure rates of International Medical Doctors (IMDs), also known as International Medical Graduates (IMGs). However, very little research has been conducted on the experiences of IMDs before they enter the Canadian medical system. This qualitative study collected interview data from 15 diverse IMDs seeking licensure in Ontario, Canada. The participants varied with respect to age, country of origin, English language proficiency on arrival, and time in Canada. In addition, two bridging support programs were observed, and interviews were conducted with three educators from the programs. The interviews were analysed using thematic content analysis (Boyatzis, 1998; Miles & Huberman, 1994). An analysis of metaphors used by the IMDs to describe their experiences during the licensing process supported the use of poetic representation for key findings, resulting in three poems that are interspersed in the body of the thesis (Ellingson, 2011; Glesne, 1997; Richardson, 2002; Richardson & Adams St. Pierre, 2005). The theoretical framework of the research was informed by Vygotskian Sociocultural Theory, which views learning as inseparable from social interaction and context (Vygotsky, 1987). Third-generation Activity Theory (AT), which has descended from Vygotsky’s work, was applied to highlight the higher-level systemic issues related to medical licensing. Results of this study indicate that IMDs with lower English proficiency face substantial difficulties on arrival, with limited access to the type of medically-relevant language instruction needed to support them. In fact, all pre-licensure IMDs struggle to access the interactional learning opportunities (i.e., Vygotskian “mediational means”) to support their entry into the system. Licensing challenges include limited exam preparation resources that support acquisition of Canadian cultural content; unequal access to clinical observerships; and a selection process which lacks transparency and emphasizes a screening tool unfamiliar to IMDs, the residency interview. Implications of this study include the revisiting of immigration policy; increasing the transparency and effectiveness of the selection process/residency interview; reviewing the role of clinical observerships in the selection process and exploring the potential of observerships to function as a licensure portfolio assessment.

偵測新興議題對於研究者而言是一個相當重要的問題，研究者如何在有限的時間和資源下探討同一領域內的新興議題將比解決已經成熟的議題帶來較大的貢獻和影響力。本研究將致力於協助研究者偵測新興且具有未來潛力的研究議題，並且從學術論文中探究對於研究者在做研究中有幫助的學術智慧。在搜尋可能具有研究潛力的議題時，我們假設具有研究潛力的議題將會由同一領域中較具有影響力的作者和刊物發表出，因此本研究使用貝式估計的方法去推估同一領域中相關的研究者和學術刊物對於該領域的影響力，進而藉由這些資訊可以找出未來具有潛力的新興候選議題。此外就我們所知的議題偵測文獻中對於認定一個議題是否已經趨於成熟或者是否新穎且具有研究的潛力仍然缺乏有效及普遍使用的衡量工具，因此本研究試圖去發展有效的衡量工具以評估議題就本身的發展生命週期是否仍然具有繼續投入的學術價值。 本研究從許多重要的資料庫中挑選了和資料探勘和資訊檢索相關的論文並且驗證這些在會議論文中所涵蓋的議題將會領導後續幾年期刊論文相似的議題。此外本研究也使用了一些已經存在的演算法並且結合這些演算法發展一個檢測的流程幫助研究者去偵測學術論文中的領導趨勢並發掘學術智慧。本研究使用貝式估計的方法試圖從已經發表的資訊和被引用的資訊來建構估計作者和刊物的影響力的事前機率與概似函數，並且計算出同一領域重要的作者和刊物的影響力，當這些作者和刊物的論文發表時將會相對的具有被觀察的價值，進而檢定這些新興候選議題是否會成為新興議題。而找出的重要研究議題雖然已經縮小探索的範圍，但是仍然有可能是發展成熟的議題使得具有影響力的作者和刊物都必須討論，因此需要評估議題未來潛力的指標或工具。然而目前文獻中對於評估議題成熟的方法僅著重在議題的出現頻率而忽視了議題的新穎度也是重要的指標，另一方面也有只為了找出新議題並沒有顧及這個議題是否具有未來的潛力。更重要的是單一的使用出現頻率的曲線只能在議題已經成熟之後才能確定這是一個重要的議題，使得這種方法成為落後的指標。 本研究試圖提出解決這些困境的指標進而發展成衡量新興議題潛力的方法。這些指標包含了新穎度指標、發表量指標和偵測點指標，藉由這些指標和曲線可以在新興議題的偵測中提供更多前導性的資訊幫助研究者去建構各自領域中新興議題的偵測標準。偵測點所代表的意義並非這個議題開始新興的正確日期，它代表了這個議題在自己發展的生命週期上最具有研究的潛力和價值的時間點，因此偵測點會根據後來的蓬勃發展而在時間上產生遞延的結果，這表示我們的指標可以偵測出議題生命力的延續。相對於傳統的次數分配曲線可以看出議題的崛起和衰退，本研究的發表量指標更能以生命週期的概念去看出議題在各個時間點的發展潛力。本研究希望從這些過程中所發現的學術智慧可以幫助研究者建構各自領域的議題偵測標準，節省大量人力與時間於探究新興議題。本研究所提出的新方法不僅可以解決影響因子這個指標的缺點，此外還可以使用作者和刊物的影響力去針對一個尚未累積任何索引次數的論文進行潛力偵測，解決Google 學術搜尋目前總是在論文已經被很多檢索之後才能確定論文重要性的缺點，學者總是希望能夠領先發現重要的議題或論文。然而，我們以議題為導向的檢索方法相信可以更確實的滿足研究者在搜尋議題或論文上的需求。 / This research presents endeavors that seek to identify the emerging topics for researchers and pinpoint research intelligence via academic papers. It is intended to reveal the connection between topics investigated by conference papers and journal papers which can help the research decrease the plenty of time and effort to detect all the academic papers. In order to detect the emerging research topics the study uses the Bayesian estimation approach to estimate the impact of the authors and publications may have on a topic and to discover candidate emerging topics by the combination of the impact authors and publications. Finally the research also develops the measurement tools which could assess the research potential of these topics to find the emerging topics. This research selected huge of papers in data mining and information retrieval from well-known databases and showed that the topics covered by conference papers in a year often leads to similar topics covered by journal papers in the subsequent year and vice versa. This study also uses some existing algorithms and combination of these algorithms to propose a new detective procedure for the researchers to detect the new trend and get the academic intelligence from conferences and journals. The research uses the Bayesian estimation approach and citation analysis methods to construct the prior distribution and likelihood function of the authors and publications in a topic. Because the topics published by these authors and publications will get more attention and valuable than others. Researchers can assess the potential of these candidate emerging topics. Although the topics we recommend decrease the range of the searching space, these topics may so popular that even all of the impact authors and publications discuss it. The measurement tools or indices are need. But the current methods only focus on the frequency of subjects, and ignore the novelty of subjects which is critical and beyond the frequency study or only focus one of them and without considering the potential of the topics. Some of them only use the curve of published frequency will make the index as a backward one. This research tackles the inadequacy to propose a set of new indices of novelty for emerging topic detection. They are the novelty index (NI) and the published volume index (PVI). These indices are then utilized to determine the detection point (DP) of emerging topics. The detection point (DP) is not the real time which the topic starts to be emerging, but it represents the topic have the highest potential no matter in novelty or hotness for research in its life cycle. Different from the absolute frequent method which can really find the exact emerging period of the topic, the PVI uses the accumulative relative frequency and tries to detect the research potential timing of its life cycle. Following the detection points, the intersection decides the worthiness of a new topic. Readers following the algorithms presented this thesis will be able to decide the novelty and life span of an emerging topic in their field. The novel methods we proposed can improve the limitations of impact factor proposed by ISI. Besides, it uses the impact power of the authors and the publication in a topic to measure the impact power of a paper before it really has been an impact paper can solve the limitations of Google scholar’s approach. We suggest that the topic oriented thinking of our methods can really help the researchers to solve their problems of searching the valuable topics.