Global ETD Search

41	In Vivo Newt Lens Regeneration Monitoring with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography chen, Weihao 23 April 2021 (has links) No description available. Biomedical Engineering
42	Untersuchungen zum makro- und mikroglialen Differenzierungspotential muriner Knochenmarkzellen in vitro und in vivo Boentert, Matthias 02 August 2004 (has links) Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Differenzierungsverhalten adulter muriner Knochenmarkzellen im Zentralnervensystem in vivo und in vitro. Hierzu wurden letal bestrahlte Mäuse mit Knochenmark aus transgenen Mausmutanten transplantiert, die das grün fluoreszierende Protein (GFP) unter der Kontrolle des humanen GFAP-Promoters exprimieren. Ein Teil der Rezipienten wurde vier Wochen nach Transplantation einer transienten fokalen cerebralen Ischämie unterzogen, um den Einfluss postischämischer inflammatorischer Vorgänge auf das Differenzierungsverhalten eingewanderter Zellen zu untersuchen. Eine zelluläre Koexpression von GFP und GFAP als Zeichen der Differenzierung hämatogener Zellen zu GFAP-exprimierenden Astrozyten fand sich bei keinem der analysierten Tiere. Für die in vitroVersuche wurden murine Knochenmarkzellen auf Mausastrozyten und auf organotypischen entorhinal-hippocampalen Hirnschnitten kokultiviert. Die hierzu verwendeten Knochenmarkzellen waren entweder retroviral mit GFP transfiziert oder stammten aus zwei verschiedenen transgenen Mausmutanten, von denen eine GFP nahezu ubiquitär unter dem b-Actin-Promoter, die andere GFP unter der Kon-trolle des humanen GFAP-Promoters exprimiert. Während zahlreiche Knochenmarkzellen nach wenigen Tagen der Kokultur die morphologischen Charakteristika ruhender Mikroglia annahmen und Immunoreaktivität für den Makrophagen/Mikroglia-Marker Iba1 aufwiesen, fand sich keine einzige Zelle mit Koexpression von GFP und GFAP. Diese Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass adulte murine Knochenmarkzellen bzw. ihre Abkömmlinge im zirkulierenden Blut nicht in GFAP-exprimierende Astrozyten differenzieren. / It has been postulated that adult murine bone marrow cells have the potential to differentiate into cells of neuroectodermal origin. In order to examine whether bone marrow cells can adopt an astroglial fate, various in vivo and in vitro approaches were chosen. Lethally irradiated recipient mice were transplanted with bone marrow derived from transgenic mice which express the green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the human GFAP promoter. Four weeks after transplantation, several animals underwent transient focal cerebral ischemia. Although postischemic inflammatory processes may eventually have a permissive effect on cell differentiation, not a single cells coexpressing GFAP and GFP was found in the brains of all reci-pients examined. For in vitro studies, murine bone marrow cells were co-cultured on astrocytic monolayers or organotypic entorhinal-hippocampal brain slices. Bone marrow cells were either labelled by retroviral transfection with GFP or derived from two different transgenic mouse mutants expressing GFP under the control of the human GFAP-promoter or the murine b-Actin-promoter, respectively. After several days of co-culture bone marrow derived cells developed a ramified morphology and showed immunoreactivity for the monocytic/microglial marker Iba1. However, differentiation of bone marrow derived cells into GFAP-expressing astrocytes was not observed. Our results suggest that adult murine bone marrow cells cannot differentiate into GFAP-expressing astrocytes in vivo or in vitro. Astroglia Mikroglia Knochenmarktransplantation Transdifferenzierung grün fluoreszierendes Protein astroglia microglia bone marrow transplantation transdifferentiation green fluorescent protein 600 Technik 33 Medizin WC 6570 XG 4771 XG 8804 XG 8814 ddc:600
43	Contribution des cellules souches de glioblastome à l'hétérogénéité tumorale : aspect thérapeutique et développement d'un système d'expression mosaïque fluorescent / Contribution of glioblastoma stem cells to the tumor heterogeneity : therapeutic implication and development of a multicolor tool to track differentiation Meyer, Lionel 14 October 2016 (has links) Le glioblastome (GBM) est la tumeur cérébrale primaire la plus agressive comportant une sous-population de cellules souches tumorales (CSG). Elles sont capables d’auto-renouvellement, de prolifération, de différenciation en cellules exprimant les marqueurs neuraux et de trans-différenciation en cellules de types vasculaires. Dans ce contexte, j’ai dérivé et caractérisé plusieurs lignées de CSG à partir de biopsies de patients. Puis j’ai évalué l’impact des peptides thérapeutiques transmembranaires développés au laboratoire, visant les plateformes de récepteurs de neuropiline-1 et de plexine-A1 surexprimées dans les CSG. Les deux peptides diminuent la croissance des CSG in vitro et in vivo. Finalement, j’ai développé un outil génétique fluorescent permettant de suivre le destin des CSG en direct. Basé sur l’expression de 4 rapporteurs fluorescents contrôlés par des promoteurs spécifiques des types cellulaires, il permet d’identifier l’hétérogénéité de ces cellules en différenciation. / The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor and includes a subpopulation of tumoral stem cells (CSG). Those cells can self-renew, proliferate and differentiate by expressing specific neural markers and/or transdifferentiate into vascular-like cells. In this context, my work consisted first to produce and characterize several CSG lines from patient biopsies to constitute a bank of cell lines with different properties. We also evaluated the impact of in house therapeutic transmembrane peptides targeting the neuropilin-1 / plexin-A1 receptor platforms overexpressed in GBM. We thus showed that both targeting peptides decrease the growth of GSC in in vitro and in vivo models. Finally, I developed an inducible mosaic expression system to track the live differentiation of CSG. This system is based on the expression of four different fluorescent reporters controlled by the activity of cell type specific promoters. Glioblastome Cellules souches tumorales Peptide thérapeutique transmembranaire Hétérogénéité Transdifférenciation Glioblastoma Cancer stem cell Therapeutic transmembrane peptide Heterogeneity Multicolor tool for cell fate tracking Transdifferentiation 572.8 616.9 615.7
44	The Study of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia-Causing Gene DDHD2 Using Cell Models Mongeon, Kevin 13 April 2018 (has links) Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 54 is a rare autosomal recessive neurological gait disorder characterized by paraplegia, muscle spasticity, and intellectual disability. This length-dependent distal axonopathy is caused by mutations in the DDHD2 gene, which encodes the intracellular phospholipase A1 DDHD2. Little is known about the molecular function of the DDHD2 protein, especially in the context of HSP54. Thus, there is a need to further investigate its molecular functions and investigate the impact of DDHD2 deficiency in disease-relevant cells. Here, lipidomic profiling of dermal fibroblasts derived from three unrelated patients has revealed 19 glycerophosphoethanolamine species at differential levels in patients relative to unaffected controls. However, patient cells appear to have an unaffected Golgi apparatus morphology and lipid droplet formation, despite DDHD2’s proposed roles in these processes. To study the gene function in neuronal cells, I transdifferentiated the fibroblasts into induced neuronal precursor cells and found all the patient cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase of upon conversion. Given that these cell lines are unsustainable, I generated a stable knockdown cell line in the highly proliferative HEK293A to study the molecular biology of DDHD2. The knockdown cells had a reduced growth, were delayed in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and became multinucleated. I then treated the cells with antineoplastic compounds paclitaxel and nocodazole and found more knockdown cells in G0/G1 than controls, suggesting the possible occurrence of mitotic slippage. Lastly, I report a novel subcellular localization for DDHD2 at the microtubule organization center. Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia DDHD2 Cell Model Golgi Lipid droplet Lipidomics Microtubules Microtubule organization center Cell cycle Mitotic slippage Induced neuronal precursor cells Transdifferentiation Genetics Neuromuscular disease Neurodegenerative Gait disorder
45	Rôles respectifs des systèmes angiotensine et gluco-minéralocorticoïde dans l’athérome carotidien humain : étude ex vivo et in vitro / Respective roles of the angiotensin and gluco-mineralocorticoid systems in human carotid atheroma : ex vivo and in vitro study Ayari, Hanène 11 December 2012 (has links) Au cours de ma thèse, je me suis principalement intéressée aux interactions entre les systèmes angiotensine et gluco-minéralocorticoïde dans la paroi artérielle et particulièrement dans la physiopathologie du remodelage artériel. Pour cela, nous avons étudié les mécanismes moléculaires aboutissant au développement de l’athérome et qui impliqueraient ces deux systèmes. Notre hypothèse est qu’un excès local en gluco-et/ou minéralocorticoïdes dans la paroi favorise le développement de l’athérome en stimulant le système angiotensine. Nos résultats ont confirmé l’expression des éléments nécessaires à la synthèse et à l'action des gluco-minéralocorticoïdes dans la paroi carotidienne humaine et dans les CMLV, avec une prévalence de la voie des glucocorticoïdes. Cette prédominance se manifeste par l’effet stimulant du cortisol sur l’expression des marqueurs des processus fibrosants, lipogéniques et inflammatoire mis en jeu lors de la formation de l’athérome. La relation entre le taux d’expression pariétale de GRα et 11β-HSD1 d’une part et le collagène 1 d’autre part suggère une contribution majeure des glucocorticoïdes dans la rigidité artérielle. Il a également été observé que le cortisol a un effet stimulant sur l’expression du collagène dans les CMLV suggérant ainsi que le cortisol favoriserait la survenue des accidents cardiovasculaires. La relation inverse entre le taux d’expression pariétal de GRα et la mesure de la pression artérielle diastolique est en faveur de cette hypothèse. De même, l’augmentation du taux de l’ARNm de GRα chez les patients ayant fait un accident cardiovasculaire corrobore l’hypothèse d’un rôle délétère des glucocorticoïdes dans le remodelage athéromateux. Nos résultats montrent que le système glucocorticoïde est un puissant stimulateur du système angiotensine pariétal et suggère l’existence d’une régulation commune de la synthèse de l’angiotensine II, de l’aldostérone et du cortisol évoquant ainsi la possibilité d’interactions entre les systèmes angiotensine et gluco-minéralocorticoïde pariétaux. Par ailleurs, les concentrations basses du cortisol plasmatique chez les patients traités par des bloqueurs du système rénine angiotensine est en faveur de la théorie d’amplification mutuelle des systèmes angiotensine et glucocorticoïde. Notre étude souligne l’intérêt des bloqueurs du SRA comme approche thérapeutique préférentielle à utiliser afin d’atténuer les effets délétères du cortisol, améliorer le risque cardiovasculaire et le pronostic des patients / The involvement of the renin angiotensin system, cortisol and aldosterone in the increase of cardiovascular risk is well known as well as some of relationships between RAS and corticosteroids but their interactions within arterial wall and particularly during atheroma formation are not established. Considering all these data, we hypothesize that an increase in local gluco-and/or mineralocorticoid synthesis and activity within the arterial wall may favour atheroma development by stimulating tissue angiotensin system. Our results give argument in favour of an independence betweenthe parietal and endocrine corticosteroid systems. We have shown the prevailing involvement of the glucocorticoid pathway in the atherosclerotic remodelling both in terms of intra-parietal expression and regulation of fibrotic, inflammatory and lipogenic effects in VSMCs together with the further amplification of this involvement after adipocyte dedifferentiation of VSMCs. There is modulation of GR and MR effects with a change in the cell pathophysiological state. Interestingly, there is no “illicit” cortisol-dependent activation of MR-receptor. We conclude that cortisol involvement in atheroma formation could pass apart from its continuing stimulating effect on its own synthesis and action, through mutual stimulating effects of cortisol and angiotensin II on their reciprocal compounds. These processes could already take place at the initial stage of atheroma and might intensify as the atheroma development progresses. The up-regulation of parietal angiotensin system could be revealed by a low plasma renin. The lower plasma cortisol levels in patients on RAS blocker treatment corroborates the thesis of mutual amplification of effects between glucocorticoids and angiotensin system, and this treatment would be particularly beneficial in essential hypertensive patients with low plasma renin, to attenuate both angiotensin II and also cortisol up-regulation Système angiotensine pariétal Remodelage artériel carotidien Transdifférenciation adipocytaire Récepteurs nucléaires Parietal angiotensin system Parietal gluco-mineralocorticoid system Carotid arterial remodeling Adipocyte transdifferentiation Nuclear receptors 612.133
46	The roles of pancreatic hormones in regulating pancreas development and beta cell regeneration Ye, Lihua 16 June 2015 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Diabetes mellitus is a group of related metabolic diseases that share a common pathological mechanism: insufficient insulin signaling. Insulin is a hormone secreted from pancreatic β cells that promotes energy storage and consequently lowers blood glucose. In contrast, the hormone glucagon, released by pancreatic α cells, plays a critical complementary role in metabolic homeostasis by releasing energy stores and increasing blood glucose. Restoration of β cell mass in diabetic patients via β cell regeneration is a conceptually proven approach to finally curing diabetes. Moreover, in situ regeneration of β cells from endogenous sources would circumvent many of the obstacles encountered by surgical restoration of β cell mass via islet transplantation. Regeneration may occur both by β cell self-duplication and by neogenesis from non-β cell sources. Although the mechanisms regulating the β cell replication pathway have been highly investigated, the signals that regulate β cell neogenesis are relatively unknown. In this dissertation, I have used zebrafish as a genetic model system to investigate the process of β cell neogenesis following insulin signaling depletion by various modes. Specifically, I have found that after their ablation, β cells primarily regenerate from two discrete cellular sources: differentiation from uncommitted pancreatic progenitors and transdifferentiation from α cells. Importantly, I have found that insulin and glucagon play crucial roles in controlling β cell regeneration from both sources. As with metabolic regulation, insulin and glucagon play counter-balancing roles in directing endocrine cell fate specification. These studies have revealed that glucagon signaling promotes β cell formation by increasing differentiation of pancreas progenitors and by destabilizing α cell identity to promote α to β cell transdifferentiation. In contrast, insulin signaling maintains pancreatic progenitors in an undifferentiated state and stabilizes α cell identity. Finally, I have shown that insulin also regulates pancreatic exocrine cell development. Insufficient insulin signaling destabilized acinar cell fate and impairs exocrine pancreas development. By understanding the roles of pancreatic hormones during pancreas development and regeneration can provide new therapeutic targets for in vivo β cell regeneration to remediate the devastating consequences of diabetes. Diabetes Alpha cell Beta cell Glucagon Pancreatic hormone Transdifferentiation Diabetes -- Pathophysiology Diabetes -- Research Diabetes -- Complications Metabolism -- Disorders Insulin -- Receptors Insulin -- Physiology Glucagon Glucagon -- Physiological effect Pancreatic beta cells Cell proliferation Diabetes -- Treatment
47	Diferenciace pankreatických kmenových buněk na β-buňky produkující inzulín. / Differentiation of pancreatic stem cells into insulin producing β-cells. Leontovyč, Ivan January 2019 (has links) Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe and frequent disease with increasing prevalence. It is not possible to achieve long term cure without late complications. Recent advances in cell fate modifications open a pathway to alternative cell therapies for DM cure. My doctoral thesis "Differentiation of pancreatic stem cells into insulin producing β- cells" is focused on the development of a new source of insulin secreting cells for transplantation. Combinatorial testing of numerous potential transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers resulted in a final protocol for the reprogramming pancreatic of exocrine cells into insulin secreting cells. The key transcriptional factors TF (Pdx1, Ngn3 a MafA) were applied in the form of synthetic mRNA. In four independent experiments we applied transcriptional factors in a specific sequence, thus obtaining 14.3 ± 1.9 % insulin positive cells. When challenged in vitro by the glucose levels of 2.5 and 20 mmol/l glucose, respectively, these cells exhibited glucose-sensitivity of insulin secretion (842 ± 72 and 1 157 ± 58 pg insulin/µg DNA/ml, n=5). They also demonstrated a sensitivity of insulin secretion (863 ± 78 and 1 025 ± 66 pg insulin/µg DNA/ml, n=5) to the concentration of depolarization agent KCl applied at 0 and 30 mmol/l, respectively together with 2.5...
48	An Approach to Lens Regeneration in Mice Following Lentectomy and the Implantation of a Biodegradable Hydrogel Encapsulating Iris Pigmented Tissue in Combination with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Baddour, Joelle 11 May 2012 (has links) No description available. Biology Biomedical Engineering Biomedical Research Chemical Engineering Developmental Biology Lens Regeneration Iris Pigmented Epithelial Cells Lens Epithelial Cells Transdifferentiation Differentiation Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Hydrogel Poly-&949 -caprolactone (PCL) Nanofibers Mouse
49	Polycomb group proteins Bmi1 and Ring1B are involved in cell plasticity and tumorigenesis of the pancreas Martínez Romero, Carles 21 December 2009 (has links) L'adenocarcinoma ductal pancreàtic (PDAC) és un dels càncers més letals. Per tal de millorar el diagnòstic precoç, s'estan investigant les etapes inicials de la formació del càncer, com és el cas de les lesions preneoplàstiques, i es vol desxifrar l'origen cel·lular de la malaltia. Les proteïnes Polycomb constitueixen una família de silenciadors epigenètics que es troben en una varietat de tumors sòlids. La hipòtesi principal és que Polycomb pot estar participant en els processos preneoplàstics del pàncreas i en l'aparició i progressió del tumor. La expressió de Bmi1 i Ring1B fou analitzada durant el desenvolupament del pàncreas, en teixit pancreàtic de diferents models murins de la malaltia i en mostres humans de teixit pancreàtic. Es va dur a terme l'anàlisi del mecanisme de Bmi1 mitjançant models in vitro i induint la depleció de Bmi1. Bmi1 i Ring1B s'expressaren en precursors pancreàtics durant etapes primerenques del desenvolupament i en cèl·lules ductals i dels illots,però no en els acins, en el pàncrees adult. Bmi1 s'induí en cèl·lules acinars durant lesió aguda, en lesions metaplàstiques acinoductals, en neoplàsies intraepitelials pancreàtiques (PanIN) i en PDAC. Ring1B s'incrementà significativament en PanINs de grau alt i en PDAC. La disminució dels nivells de Bmi1 en la línia cel·lular acinar canvià l'expressió dels enzims digestius pancreàtics. Aquests resultats suggereixen que Bmi1 i Ring1B podrien estar contribuint de diferent manera en la progressió tumoral. / Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers. To improve early diagnosis, research efforts are focused in characterising early events of cancer formation like preneoplastic lesions and deciphering the cell origin of the malignancy. Polycomb proteins constitute a family of epigenetic silencers found in a variety of solid tumours. The main hypothesis is that Polycomb might play a role in preneoplastic states in the pancreas and in tumour development and progression. The expression of Bmi1 and RingB was analysed during pancreatic development, in pancreatic tissue from mouse models of disease and in human pancreatic tissue samples. Mechanistic insights of Bmi1 were performed using in vitro models and with induced Bmi1 depletion. Bmi1 and Ring1B were expressed in pancreatic exocrine precursors during early development and in ductal and islet cells, but not in acinar cells, in the adult pancreas. Bmi1 was induced in acinar cells during acute injury, in acinar-ductal metaplastic lesions, in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDAC. In contrast, Ring1B was significantly increased in high-grade PanINs and in PDAC. Bmi1 knockdown in acinar cell line changed the expression of pancreatic digestive enzymes. These results suggest that Bmi1 and Ring1B could contribute differently to tumour development. embrió rata ratolí humà PDAC tumor Ring1B Bmi1 Polycomb epigenètica cancer ductal acinar Pàncrees immunohistochemistry primary culture western blot PCR protein DNA RNA knockdown transdifferentiation acinoductal metaplasia KRAS PanIN caerulein pancreatitis preneoplastic embryo rat mouse human PDAC tumour Ring1B Bmi1 Polycomb epigenetics cancer ductal acinar Pancreas preneoplàsic pancreatitis ceruleïna PanIN KRAS metaplàsia acinoductal transdiferenciació "knockdown" ARN ADN proteïna PCR western blot cultiu primari immunohistoquímica 57
50	Untersuchung der Differenzierungskapazität von Osteoblasten und Osteoblastensubpopulationen in vitro und ihre Beeinflussung durch verschiedene Wuchsfaktoren / In vitro differentiation potential of primary human osteoblasts subpopulations. Expression of adipocytic and osteoblastic markers Ponce, María Laura 28 June 2005 (has links) No description available. 500 Naturwissenschaften allgemein Mathematics and Computer Science BMP TGF Osteoblasten Adipozyten Transdifferenzierung Plastizität alkalische Phosphatase Osteokalzin Osteoporose Osteoblastendifferenzierung primäre humane Osteoblasten Coexpression PPAR LPL BMP TGF osteoblasts adipocytes transdifferentiation Plasticity alkaline phosphatase osteocalcin Osteoporosis osteoblastic markers primary human osteoblasts PPAR LPL 42 Biologie 42.15 Zellbiologie 44 Medizin 44.68 Gerontologie Geriatrie 44.37 Physiologie 44.03 Methoden und Techniken der Medizin W Biologie WH Cytologie Histologie Zellbiologie Zellkultur Zytologie WH 100 Cytologische Methoden WHF 200 Zelldifferenzierung Zellstoffwechsel und -differenzierung WHM 000 Cytohistochemie Zyto-und Histochemie

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