Cette thèse présente un algorithme qui élimine les racines carrées et les divisions dans des programmes sans boucles, utilisés dans des systèmes embarqués, tout en préservant la sémantique. L'élimination de ces opérations permet d'éviter les erreurs d'arrondis à l'exécution, ces erreurs d'arrondis pouvant entraîner un comportement complètement inattendu de la part du programme. Cette trans- formation respecte les contraintes du code embarqué, en particulier la nécessité pour le programme produit de s'exécuter en mémoire fixe. Cette transformation utilise deux algorithmes fondamentaux développés dans cette thèse. Le premier permet d'éliminer les racines carrées et les divisions des expressions booléennes contenant des comparaisons d'expressions arithmétiques. Le second est un algorithme qui résout un problème d'anti-unification particulier, que nous appelons anti-unification contrainte. Cette transformation de programme est définie et prouvée dans l'assistant de preuves PVS. Elle est aussi implantée comme une stratégie de ce système. L'anti-unification contrainte est aussi utilisée pour étendre la transformation à des programmes contenant des fonctions. Elle permet ainsi d'éliminer les racines carrées et les divisions de spécifications écrites en PVS. La robustesse de cette méthode est mise en valeur par un exemple conséquent: l'élimination des racines carrées et des divisions dans un programme de détection des conflits aériens.

The development of the United Nation’s Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) started at the beginning of the 20th century in order to provide a uniform legal regime for international sales contracts. The development started because of a belief that a uniform international sales convention would contribute certainty in commercial trade and decrease transaction costs for the contracting parties. The Convention was signed in Vienna 1980 and came into force in 1988 after securing the necessary number of ratifications. The CISG is automatically applied to international sale contracts in certain given situations but the contracting parties are free to exclude the Convention as applicable law in favour of another regulation. As of today, more than 25 years after the CISG came into force, the Convention is commonly being excluded as the governing law of international sales contracts. By studying surveys and academic writings, certain factors can be derived as reasons prior to an exclusion of the CISG. The factors can be referred to as unfamiliarity, time and costs, negotiation strength and standard form contracts or standard terms. Regarding unfamiliarity, the importance given to the Convention in law faculties within the signatory states, together with time and costs attributed to a familiarization process, seems to play an important role. Moreover, the Convention is associated with problems regarding a non-uniform interpretation of the Convention’s provisions within the national courts and arbitral tribunals, as well as regarding its incompleteness, meaning that there are gaps that need to be filled by national law. These problems affect the Convention’s ability to provide potential users with legal certainty and predictability, which in turn may affect the familiarity with the Convention and hence have an impact on an exclusion of the CISG.

Submitted by Juliana Alvim (juliana.alvim@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-06T17:55:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Alvim_dissertação_mestrado profissional_versão final para entrega.pdf: 1419653 bytes, checksum: 54c7e52fa71432021414980f3ebbf70b (MD5) / Rejected by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br), reason: Rejeitada a pedido da aluna. Att.. Áurea SRA on 2016-12-12T19:27:54Z (GMT) / Submitted by Juliana Alvim (juliana.alvim@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-12T20:41:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Alvim_dissertação_mestrado profissional_versão final para entrega.pdf: 1419676 bytes, checksum: 093a063ae65986babf6780364b99b701 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2016-12-16T18:23:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Alvim_dissertação_mestrado profissional_versão final para entrega.pdf: 1419676 bytes, checksum: 093a063ae65986babf6780364b99b701 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-22T12:45:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Alvim_dissertação_mestrado profissional_versão final para entrega.pdf: 1419676 bytes, checksum: 093a063ae65986babf6780364b99b701 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-09 / Even after almost 27 years since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the memory of East Germany is still disputed. Its appropriation today happens mainly through ‘museumization’ and the marketing of symbols from the past, but individual memories are still sufficiently powerful to prevent forgetting through consumerism. In this dissertation, I seek to approach different ways of remembering East Germany through testimonies of people who, in very distinctive ways, lived the socialist regime that ended with the country’s unification with West Germany in 3 October 1990. I also intend to present a foreign outlook into Berlin’s complexities and its commitment to not forgetting its difficult past / Mesmo após quase 27 anos da queda do Muro de Berlim, a memória da Alemanha Oriental ainda é alvo de disputas. Sua apropriação se dá, hoje, principalmente por meio da musealização e da comercialização de símbolos do passado, mas o peso das memórias individuais ainda é suficientemente grande para impedir o esquecimento pela via do consumo. Neste trabalho, procuro abordar diferentes modos de lembrar a Alemanha Oriental por meio de depoimentos de pessoas que vivenciaram, de maneiras muito distintas, o regime socialista que findou definitivamente com a unificação do país com a Alemanha Ocidental, em 3 de outubro de 1990. Pretendo também apresentar um olhar estrangeiro sobre as complexidades de Berlim e seu apego ao não-esquecimento de seu difícil passado.

The 1980 United Nations Convention on the International Sale of Goods, concluded under the auspices of UNCITRAL, creates a comprehensive statutory legal framework for international sales. Through the express incorporation of the principle of freedom of contract, the convention contains rules which the parties may freely adapt to the particular circumstances of their transaction, by filling any gaps that may arise with trade usages and other practices. In addition, the convention recognises the binding force of international trade usages in certain circumstances, in that it binds parties to usages which are so widely known and have acquired such regularity of observance in international trade as to justify an expectation that they will be observed in the particular transaction. Such acknowledgment of the changing patterns and norms of behaviour which characterise international trade law allows the CISG to be categorised as a major component of the modern lex mercatoria. / Constitutional International and Indigenous Law / LL.M.

Este trabalho trata dos reflexos da fusão dos antigos estados da Guanabara e Rio de Janeiro na história do Poder Judiciário fluminense. Analisa e acompanha os primeiros anos de sua implantação tanto no Judiciário quanto no Executivo. Fala da relação entre militares e magistrados, enquanto membros da estrutura burocrática do Estado. Descreve e discute o acontecimento e como o s mecanismos relacionados à memória coletiva do mesmo se ligaram às relações de poder dentro e fora do Tribunal de Justiça do estado do Rio de Janeiro. / This essay is concerned with the unification of the former States of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro and its consequences in the history of the Judiciary of the resulting federative unit, the present State of Rio de Janeiro. It traces and analyzes the early years of its implementation in the Judiciary as well as in the Executive Power. It tells about the relationship between judges and military officers as members of the State bureaucratic structure. It describes and discusses such unification and how the mechanisms related to the collective memory thereof were linked to the power relations within and without the Court of Appeal of the present State of Rio de Janeiro.

No description available.

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-12T13:25:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1212419 bytes, checksum: 6d3ca7625ab07b583f3f68045187a552 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T13:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1212419 bytes, checksum: 6d3ca7625ab07b583f3f68045187a552 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In 1918 the German Hermann Weyl developed a unified theory of gravitation and electro­magnetism becoming geometrical both interactions, that is, he associated the potential elec­tromagnetic a 1-form a, after considering that the length of a vector is not preserved under parallel transport as well as with the direction, this also meant that the covariant derivatives of the metric tensor ceased to be null becoming Vag" = a, The gravitational and electromagnetic field equations are obtained from the action I = f (R2 ± v Ft" ) —gd4x in a gauge any and "natural gauge"R = A = constant taking into account that they, as well as the action, should be both invariant under coordinate transformations as invariant under the gauge transformations introduced, namely, gliv = of gin, and di, = cp.+ hi, actually, the first person to speak in scale invariance in physics was the Weyl himself in his article. It is also found that the solutions to the emptiness of Einstein's field equations are also solutions of the corresponding Weyl's field equations. Finally it is shown that the Weyl affine geo­desic may not come from a variational principle by analysing the Helmholtz conditions for the inverse problem of the calculus of variations and discusses about Einstein's criticism of the theory, on which it is concluded that the even seized an inadequate definition of proper time to give his opinion on the work of Weyl, thus, a problem to be solved was to find a good definition of proper time, which leaves open a final version of the Weyl theory. / Em 1918 o alem-do Hermann Weyl desenvolveu sua teoria de unificndo entre gravitacao e eletromagnetismo geometrizando ambas as internOes, isto é, ele associou o potencial eletromagnetico a uma 1-forma a, depois de ter considerado que o comprimento de um vetor nao preserva-se sob transporte paralelo assim como acontece com a direcao, isso tambem fez com que a derivada covariante do tensor metrico deixasse de ser nula tornando­se V agii, = glivaa. As equagOes de campo gravitacionais e eletromagneticas sdo obti­das da nao I = f (R2 ±AF,,,,Filv)\/—gd4x em um calibre qualquer e no "calibre natural" R = A = const ante levando em conta que elas, assim como a nao, devem ser tanto invari­antes por transformnOes de coordenadas como invariantes sob as transformnOes de calibre introduzidas, a saber, gliv = of gin, e di, = al, + hi, na verdade, a primeira pessoa a falar em invarifincia de escala na fisica foi o prOprio Weyl em seu artigo. Tambem é verificado que as solucOes para o vazio das equagOes de campo de Einstein tambem sac) solucOes das equnOes de campo de Weyl correspondentes. Por fim mostra-se que as geodesicas afins de Weyl nao podem advir de um princfpio variacional atraves da analise das condicOes de Helmholtz para o problema inverso do calculo de varinOes e discute-se sobre a critica de Einstein a teoria, onde conclui-se que o mesmo se apoderou de uma definicao inadequada de tempo proprio para dar seu parecer sobre o trabalho de Weyl, assim, um problema a ser resolvido seria encontrar uma boa definicao de tempo pr6prio, o que deixa em aberto uma versdo final da teoria de Weyl.

Este trabalho trata dos reflexos da fusão dos antigos estados da Guanabara e Rio de Janeiro na história do Poder Judiciário fluminense. Analisa e acompanha os primeiros anos de sua implantação tanto no Judiciário quanto no Executivo. Fala da relação entre militares e magistrados, enquanto membros da estrutura burocrática do Estado. Descreve e discute o acontecimento e como o s mecanismos relacionados à memória coletiva do mesmo se ligaram às relações de poder dentro e fora do Tribunal de Justiça do estado do Rio de Janeiro. / This essay is concerned with the unification of the former States of Guanabara and Rio de Janeiro and its consequences in the history of the Judiciary of the resulting federative unit, the present State of Rio de Janeiro. It traces and analyzes the early years of its implementation in the Judiciary as well as in the Executive Power. It tells about the relationship between judges and military officers as members of the State bureaucratic structure. It describes and discusses such unification and how the mechanisms related to the collective memory thereof were linked to the power relations within and without the Court of Appeal of the present State of Rio de Janeiro.

L’éclatement sans logique du contentieux des actes des autorités indépendantes de régulation économique ( AAI et API) entre le juge judiciaire et le Conseil d’État rend compte d’une instrumentalisation de l’exigence de bonne administration de la justice censée pourtant fonder un tel partage. L’absence d’unité procédurale comme d’unité jurisprudentielle traduit le caractère inopportun de cette répartition des compétences. L’objectif d’une bonne administration de la justice exige de prendre acte de la spécificité et de l’unité de la mission de régulation confiée par l’État à ces autorités pour unifier le contentieux de leurs actes au profit du Conseil d’État. / The illogical partition of the litigation of the acts of the independent authorities in charge with the economic regulation between the ordinary courts and the Council of State displays an instrumentalisation of the requirement of a proper administration of justice, a requirement that was at first presented as the reason for such a sharing. The absence of procedural and jurisprudential unity reflects the inappropriate nature of thisdivision of powers. The principle of proper administration of justice requires taking into account the specificity and the unity of the regulatory mission entrusted by the State to these authorities and therefore unifying the litigation of their acts in favour of the Council of State.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-23T19:34:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucascarneirodelimaesilva.pdf: 1915858 bytes, checksum: 5836be114eca696e3f624250c537c45a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-02T11:23:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucascarneirodelimaesilva.pdf: 1915858 bytes, checksum: 5836be114eca696e3f624250c537c45a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-02T11:23:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucascarneirodelimaesilva.pdf: 1915858 bytes, checksum: 5836be114eca696e3f624250c537c45a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Esta dissertação aborda o problema endêmico de unidade que a psicologia atravessa desde seu nascimento como ciência moderna até os dias atuais. Esse problema pode ser caracterizado pela falta de consenso em relação aos pressupostos ontológicos, epistemológicos e metodológicos adotados pelas diferentes abordagens psicológicas e a crescente fragmentação do campo em diversas teorias e práticas totalmente distintas. Dentro dessa temática mais ampla, tem-se como objeto específico a descrição e análise crítica de como essa problemática vem sendo tratada por teóricos na psicologia brasileira. Pretender-se-á aqui mapear o debate e descrever os aspectos básicos que caracterizarão a discussão sobre o problema da unidade da psicologia na literatura nacional para que, posteriormente, possa-se avaliá-los e discuti-los. Por fim, concluiu-se que a produção nacional apresenta três características principais: presença hegemônica do que chamamos de Teóricos da Dispersão (conjunto de teóricos que avaliam a dispersão do campo psicológico como irremediável e sua unificação impossível e adotam uma estratégia cética ou valoração positiva); a falta de sistematicidade na discussão do tema e o pouco desenvolvimento institucional. Com relação às teses e aos argumentos utilizados por estes teóricos para sustentar seus posicionamentos, concluímos que estes são, na sua maioria, filosoficamente inconsistentes e não oferecem obstáculos significativos ao trabalho teórico necessário para uma possível unificação da psicologia. / This dissertation addresses the endemic problem of unity that Psychology goes through from birth as modern science to the present day. This problem can be characterized by a lack of consensus regarding the ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions adopted by different psychological approaches, and the growing fragmentation of the field in various completely different theories and practices. Within this broader theme, it has the specific purpose of being a description and critical analysis of how this problem is being addressed by brazilian theorists in Psychology. Here we are going to map the debate and describe the basic aspects that characterize the discussion of the unit problem in the national literature in order to subsequently evaluate it and discuss it. Lastly, it was concluded that the brazilian production is characterized by three main features: hegemonic presence of what we call theoreticians of dispersion (set of theoreticians that evaluate the dispersion of the Psychological field as irremediable and its unification impossible, adopting a skeptical strategy or positive valuation), the lack of systematic in the argumentation of the theme and poor institutional development. Regarding the theses and the arguments of these theoreticians to support their thesis and positions, we concluded that these are mostly philosophically inconsistent and under no circumstances they hinder a possible unification of Psychology, or even less, definitely settle the subject.