Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse des dynamiques de développement de l'agriculture urbaine à Bobo-Dioulasso, au Burkina Faso. Elle s’intéresse à la façon dont les agriculteurs arrivent à vivre et produire en ville en s’appuyant sur une démarche systémique centrée sur les interactions ville-agriculture. Elle cherche à décrypter les facteurs d’intégration de l’agriculture au système urbain. Cette intégration peut être d’ordre économique, socio-spatial, naturel, technique, et politique. Dans toutes ces dimensions de l’intégration, les arrangements entre acteurs sont un facteur de maintien de l’agriculture en ville : c’est la thèse défendue ici. Dans la première partie, la thèse retrace l’évolution des liens entre la ville et l’agriculture depuis l'origine de la ville, et décrit la diversité des dynamiques agricoles à l’oeuvre dans la ville et ses franges urbaines. Le développement de Bobo-Dioulasso, carrefour commercial de produits agricoles, est fortement basé sur le dynamisme agricole régional. Dynamiques régionales et urbaines ont favorisé le développement multiforme de l’agriculture urbaine : cette agriculture s’est développée, transformée et adaptée et est aujourd’hui pratiquée par une multitude d’acteurs urbains. Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse analyse les pratiques agricoles et les arrangements socio-spatiaux entre acteurs. Les agriculteurs urbains, à travers des arrangements avec d’autres acteurs, arrivent à maintenir des formes agricoles contrastées en ville : les maraîchers, à travers une logique de mobilité au sein de l’espace urbain et des arrangements à la fois avec des acteurs institutionnels et des fournisseurs d’intrants, accèdent à des ressources essentielles à la conduite de leur activité. [etc.] / This thesis analyzes the dynamics of urban agriculture development in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Through a systemic approach centered on the city-agriculture interactions, it aims to understand how farmers succeed in living and cultivating within the city and the way urban agriculture can be integrated into the urban system. This integration can be economic, socio-spatial, natural, technical, and political. In each of these dimensions of integration, arrangements among actors are a central factor of the permanence of agriculture in the city: it is the central hypothesis of this thesis. In the first part, the thesis focuses on the evolution of the links between the city and the agriculture since the founding of the city, and describes the diversity of agricultural dynamics taking place in the city and its urban fringe. The development of Bobo-Dioulasso, a commercial hub for agricultural products, is strongly linked to the regional agricultural dynamism. Urban and regional dynamics have favored the multifaceted development of urban agriculture. This agriculture developed, transformed and adapted to urban dynamics and is now practiced by a multitude of urban actors. In a second step, this thesis studies the agricultural practices and socio-spatial arrangements between actors. These urban farmers, through arrangements, succeed in maintaining contrasted forms of urban agriculture in the city: on the one hand, gardeners, through a logic of mobility within the urban space and arrangements with both institutional actors and input suppliers, access to resources that are essential for them to keep on conducting their activity. [etc.]

L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser la double question de l’intégration ou de l’effacement progressif de l’agriculture dans la ville de Dakar et la valorisation agricole des déchets organiques urbains. Le premier aspect pose d’emblée la question de la gouvernance territoriale de l’action publique locale. Le second aspect renvoie à la multifonctionnalité de l’agriculture dans un contexte d’écologisation des activités humaines pour protéger l’environnement. Comment les maraîchers de Dakar s’adaptent-ils à cette double préoccupation ? La multifonctionnalité agricole peut-elle contribuer au maintien et au renforcement de l’activité maraîchère ? Ces questions ont été abordées en adoptant une approche interdisciplinaire croisant en particulier la sociologie et la géographie. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que cette nouvelle fonction environnementale de l’agriculture « péri-urbaine » constitue une opportunité pour les maraîchers de Dakar pour développer des stratégies d’adaptation au contexte local et au projet d’écologisation du secteur agricole. Une approche géographique de l’espace des Niayes (de Dakar) a fait apparaître que les pratiques agricoles sont largement déterminées par les caractéristiques de ce milieu soumis à une anthropisation renforcée par l’urbanisation. Nous montrons aussi que la mise en agenda des problèmes agricoles en ville à Dakar ressemble plus à de l’affichage politique qu’à une réelle inscription dans le projet urbain. Enfin, il existe des facteurs bloquants à surmonter pour « intensifier écologiquement » les systèmes de production agricole. Certains de ces facteurs trouvent leur origine dans l’inscription des pratiques agricoles dans le système socio-culturel local et dans le rapport des maraîchers avec le « monde » scientifique et les questions d’environnement. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the double issue of integration or the gradual disappearance of agriculture in the city of Dakar and the agricultural use of urban organic waste. The first aspect raises immediately the question of territorial governance of local public action. The second aspect refers to the multifunctionality of agriculture in the context of greening of human activities to protect the environment. How do gardeners adapt to this double concern: to maintain agriculture in city and promote urban organic waste? How can agricultural multifunctionality contribute to maintain and strengthen gardening activity? These issues were tackled by adopting an interdisciplinary approach crossing especially sociology and geography. We suppose that this new environmental function of “peri-urban” agriculture is an opportunity for gardeners in Dakar to develop strategies for adaptation to the local context and to the project of greening of agriculture. A geographical approach of Niayes’ space (Dakar) showed that agricultural practices are largely determined by the characteristics of this environment under human transformation reinforced by urbanization. We show also that the agenda of agricultural development problems in the city Dakar is likely to display political than an actual entry in the urban project. Finally, it remains blocking factors to overcome for “environmentally intensify” the systems of production of agriculture. Some of these factors are based on the registration of agricultural practices in the local socio-cultural system and the relations that gardeners have with the scientific “world” and environmental issues.

Climate change has caused severe vulnerabilities for the global food production system and alternative agriculture methods are needed as a solution. Urban agriculture (UA) can be a sustainable solution, making the global food system more resilient and increasing the global food security. Using available empty rooftops to implement green roofs for food production can be a solution to challenges faced by urban agriculture, such as unavailability of land and proper amount of sunlight. The aim of this thesis is to explore the potential of green roofs in Uppsala city, looking into the food production capacity and the energy conservation benefits for buildings having a green roof. With the help of GIS software, 745 flat roofs with a total available area of 877408 m2, were considered feasible for implementing green roofs. Upon calculations based on yields obtained from other studies, the results revealed that the annual vegetable production on potential green roofs in Uppsala city is 23550 T of tomato, 48 T of cabbage and 96 T of chilli. On comparing the tomato production with the amount of tomato consumed annually by the population of Uppsala city, the data reveals that less than 10 % of the estimated production can meet the annual demand.Upon investigating the thermal insulation effects of green sedum roof on a building in Uppsala city, the thesis reveals that annually, 824 kWh or .824 MWh can be saved, providing a monetary benefit of SEK 543. The results point out that, on implementation of green sedum roofs on 100 buildings, about 82 MWh amount of energy can be conserved, thus reducing the overall consumption of fuels such as peat and oil and reducing the emissions of green house gases. Green roofs in comparison with conventional roofs can also act as a heat sink to keep the building cooler during warmer summers, thus reducing the demand for artificial cooling. Keywords: Sustainable Development, Urban Sustainability, Food Security, Energy Security, Resilience, Urban Agriculture, Green Roof, Thermal Insulation, Energy Conservation, Climate Change.

This exploratory research focuses on identifying the roles and perspectives of community gardens in the Dallas area. Results from semi-structured interviews reveal the social and political makeup of the neighborhoods where the garden projects in this study are located. While these findings highlight the benefits of gardening in the city, they can also be contested spaces. In advocating for the proliferation of garden projects in the city, community organizations would benefit from understanding the nuances of garden initiatives and the way in which they are perceived by members of the garden, nearby residents, and policy makers.

Many urban poor are living lifestyles prescient of a future with little to no accessible fossil fuels, a future lacking easy access to electricity, flowing water, and food security. Scientists such as David Holmgren warn that the rest of society may face a similar scenario. According to the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas (ASPO 2008), the peak of oil discovery happened in the 1960’s. In 1981 the world started using more than what was found in new fields and since then the gap between discovery and production has been ever widening, many countries have already passed their peak, which indicates that a global peak is imminent. This dissertation investigates a new typology for urban living. An area south of Marabastad, in the north-western quadrant of the city of Pretoria is selected as the wasted landscape for testing the hypothesis that a drosscape has the potential to be designed and developed into an agrarian conservancy to support a society in need of sustainable, innovative places. Part One of the dissertation investigates agriculture as a method for returning the site to some utilitarian efficiency. However, landscapes contain the potential to be more than functional tracts of land with no meaning. Thus Part Two of the dissertation investigates the fact that a creative approach to the implementation of city farming in the Steenovenspruit drosscape can ingrain in the modern industrial city a place with which the inhabitants can identify, where form does not only follow function but also enhances and expresses the celebration of man’s working relationship with the land, as well as celebrating the historic traces evident on the landscape. A palimpsest emerges out of the faint residue of past uses, displaying traces of the character the site once had. The dissertation proposes that by capturing the essence of these past layers of productive use and further enriching the palimpsest by introducing traces of farming and gardens, meaning and experiential use of the land will be returned to the people of Marabastad. The dissertation also proposes that through this experiential use the community is once again able to leave traces on the landscape and lift the site out of limbo and once again into the process of place-making, or refounding. A conservancy is proposed for the Steenovenspruit drosscape which combines the concept of palimpsest and the poetic nature of farming across a number of city blocks, connecting Marabastad and the CBD. The conservancy encapsulates a variety of land uses including residential and gathering traces, however the core of the conservancy centres around a historical city block which formed part of the old Pretoria townlands and which morphs once again into productive landscape. / Dissertation ML(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / ML(Prof) / Unrestricted

Cotutelle avec l'Université de Montpellier / Cette thèse se penche sur la transition du système alimentaire du Nunavik et sur ses conséquences pour le bien-être des Inuit. Elle soumet l’hypothèse que la nouvelle configuration territoriale du système alimentaire modifie les interactions humains-milieux, ce qui le rend incompatible à la fois avec les écosystèmes du Nunavik, et avec la culture et l’identité inuit. L’intensification des liens entre économie inuit et économie globalisée concourt à placer les territoires nordiques dans une position d’échange inégal et de dépendance envers les producteurs et les fournisseurs d’un secteur agroalimentaire exogène au sein duquel les résidents du Nord ont peu d’occasions de se faire entendre. La souveraineté alimentaire à l’égard des aliments du marché est ainsi fortement limitée, ce qui affecte négativement la santé et le bien-être inuit. Des pistes de solution pour améliorer la résilience du système alimentaire, dont le développement de projets de jardinage communautaire et l’amélioration de l’accès aux aliments traditionnels, y sont explorées. La collecte des données pour réaliser les quatre articles qui forment le corps de cette thèse s’est échelonnée entre octobre 2015 et mars 2019 dans les villages nordiques de Kuujjuaq et Kangiqsujuaq, au Nunavik. La variété des méthodes utilisées, alliant les entretiens semi-dirigés, la réalisation de cartes mentales, des analyses de sol et des ateliers participatifs, a permis de relever le triple défi de l’interdisciplinarité, de la recherche-action participative et d’un terrain particulièrement difficile d’accès. Les résultats illustrent que les aliments traditionnels issus des activités de chasse, de pêche et de cueillette demeurent des vecteurs importants de la relation au territoire et du bien-être inuit, malgré le fait qu’ils ne représentent plus qu’une petite fraction de l’alimentation. La perte de mobilité et l’adoption d’un nouveau mode de vie, accompagnées et rendues possibles par la transition du système alimentaire, ont perturbé les interactions humains-milieux à différents niveaux. La plus grande pression exercée sur l'environnement naturel provient des activités humaines menées ailleurs sur la planète et d’un modèle de consommation incompatible qui génèrent de nombreuses externalités négatives sur l’environnement et la santé humaine. L’un des apports les plus significatifs de cette thèse est d’avoir montré comment les questions alimentaires, sociales, climatiques et énergétiques sont interreliées, et par quels mécanismes. La conclusion pointant les conséquences cumulatives des changements climatiques, de la contamination environnementale et de la colonisation fait une synthèse des enjeux auxquels est confronté le système socioécologique du Nunavik. / This thesis focuses on the transition of Nunavik’s food system and on the consequences of that transition for the region’s inhabitants. The thesis’s hypothesis is that the food system’s new territorial configuration changes the interactions between humans and the natural environment, and thus becomes incompatible with Nunavik’s ecosystems as well as Inuit culture and identity. Intensifying relations between the Inuit economy and the globalized economy put northern territories in a position of unequal exchange and dependency in relation to producers and suppliers from an exogenous agri-food sector that offers northern residents few opportunities to be heard. Food market sovereignty is thus severely restricted, which harms Inuit health and well-being. This thesis explores potential solutions for improving the food system’s resilience, such as developing community gardening projects and improving access to traditional foods. The data on which the four articles of this thesis are based was collected between October 2015 and March 2019 in the northern villages of Kuujjuaq and Kangiqsujuaq, in Nunavik. The variety of methods used, combining semi-constructed interviews, the development of mental maps, soil analyses and participatory workshops, made it possible to meet the triple challenge of interdisciplinarity, participatory action research, and terrain particularly difficult to access. The results illustrate that traditional foods from hunting, fishing and gathering activities remain major factors for the Inuit in their interactions with the natural environment and in their well-being, although those activities now represent only a small fraction of the food supply. Loss of mobility and the adoption of a new lifestyle, accompanied and made possible by the food system’s transition, have disturbed the interactions between humans and the natural environment on various levels. The greatest pressure exerted on the natural environment originates from human activities carried out elsewhere in the world and from an incompatible consumption model that generate numerous negative externalities on the environment and human health. One of the most significant contributions of this thesis is to have demonstrated the mechanisms by which nutritional, social, climate and energy issues are interrelated. The conclusion, pointing to the cumulative consequences of climate change, environmental contamination and colonization, summarizes the issues confronting Nunavik’s socio-ecological system.

Food system is complex and encompasses stakeholders from local, regional, and global level. The activities and outcomes of the food system are associated with environmental, economic, and social impacts. Due to the growing population, and urbanization, along with the fact that global food system contributes up to 30% of anthropogenic GHG emission, one of the main contributors to climate change, a sustainable food system that could meet the food demand in the urban areas is in need. Therefore, high-tech urban agriculture (HTUA) that uses advanced technologies and enables food production in a controlled environment is seen as a promising solution, which remains niche in Sweden. This study adopted the sustainable food system approach and used the theory of multi-level perspective (MLP) on sustainability transitions to explore this technology-driven transition and identify the challenges and opportunities in developing HTUA in Sweden. Through the analysis of five Swedish policy documents and interviews with four HTUA initiatives in Stockholm, three main aspects are identified: 1) external context; 2) policy environment; and 3) communication and influence, which are independent but also interconnected. According to the findings, the global environment and Swedish context, such as climatic condition and Swedish consumption, provide HTUA an opportunity to develop. The findings also suggest that though the characteristics of HTUA initiatives and the priorities within the Swedish policy environment have overlapping traits, the policies are not effectively translated into practice and thus making it challengeable to develop HTUA in the long run. Implementing more strict restrictions and regulations on the external price, providing an easier access to urban space, simplifying the procedure for the financial support, raising public awareness towards HTUA, and bridging the knowledge gap among all stakeholders through collaborations and partnerships are suggested to reduce the risk of initiating HTUA. However, further research is still required to understand the potential of HTUA in the transformation towards a sustainable food system.

Agriculture is one of the most carbon-intensive sectors in today’s world. With demand for food soaring to feed an ever-increasing population, many methods are employed to produce food, ranging from open-field to greenhouse systems. However, due to their large environmental footprint, urban agriculture methods such as soilless culture systems are increasingly becoming a preferred method for food production. A case study has been performed at Hollbium in Stockholm, Sweden for the purpose of evaluating potential environmental impacts of Hollbium Loop, a vertical hydroponic system used for food production. This is achieved by carrying out a stand-alone assessment of Hollbium Loop, to identify potential environmental hotspots over the product’s lifetime of 10 years. Furthermore, Hollbium Loop’s system is compared to the production of lettuce in a horizontal open-field, a greenhouse farming system and nutrient film technique located in Spain, to identify potential trade-offs. Attributional life cycle assessment (ALCA) has been employed as a methodology with an explicit focus on eight impact categories at a midpoint level. The results of the study indicate that hotspots of environmental impacts in Hollbium Loop’s life cycle are due to the use of an internal combustion engine vehicle for maintenance, production of electronic components and the consumption of electricity in the use phase. In contrast, the results from the comparative scenarios indicated that Hollbium Loop from a life cycle perspective had the highest impacts under all impact categories in relation to the other three systems of food production. When the distance for transportation within the maintenance phase is reduced to a reasonable figure, Hollbium Loop no longer had the highest impacts within global warming and fossil resource scarcity, showing that the distance traversed plays a key role in mitigating the impacts. Other aspects and assumptions are also analyzed further using a sensitivity analysis, which shows that there is scope for decreasing Hollbium Loop’s environmental footprint. It is therefore recommended that Hollbium puts its efforts into optimizing the distance and modes of transport utilized and increasing the outer frame thickness of the Loop to make it sturdy and robust. Finally, it is also advised to increase the Loop’s vertical length to increase the yield per cycle, thereby reducing the overall impacts per kilogram of lettuce produced. / Jordbruket är en av de mest kolintensiva sektorerna i dagens värld. Med en efterfrågan på livsmedel som stiger för att föda en ständigt ökande befolkning, används många metoder för att producera livsmedel. Dessa metoder omfattar allt från öppna fält till växthussystem. På grund av deras stora miljöpåverkan blir emellertid stadsnära jordbruksmetoder, såsom system för hydroponiska odlingar (odlingar utanför jorden) en alltmer föredragen metod för livsmedelsproduktion. En fallstudie har genomförts hos Hollbium i Stockholm, Sverige med syfte att genomföra en utvärdering av den potentiella miljöpåverkan för Hollbium Loop, ett vertikalt hydroponiskt system som används för livsmedelsproduktion. Detta uppnås genom att först utföra en fristående bedömning av Hollbium Loop och på så sätt identifiera potentiella riskområden under produktens livslängd på tio år. Dessutom jämförs Hollbium Loops system med produktionen av sallad i ett horisontellt öppet fält, ett växthusodlingssystem och en näringsfilmsteknik i Spanien för att identifiera potentiella avvägningar. Attributiv livscykelanalys (ALCA) har använts som metod med ett tydligt fokus på åtta karakteriseringsfaktorer för mittpunkt. Resultaten i studien indikerar att riskområden för miljöpåverkan i Hollbium Loops livscykel beror på en användning av fordon med förbränningsmotor i underhållsfasen, produktion av elektroniska komponenter och elförbrukning i användningsfasen. Däremot visade resultaten från de jämförande scenarierna att Hollbium Loop ur ett livscykelperspektiv har den högsta miljöpåverkan i alla påverkanskategorier i jämförelse med de tre andra systemen för livsmedelsproduktion. När avståndet för transport inom underhållsfasen reduceras till en rimlig nivå så hade Hollbium Loop inte längre den högsta påverkan inom global uppvärmning och knappa fossila resurser, vilket visar att det avståndet spelar en nyckelroll för att mildra effekterna. Andra aspekter och antaganden analyseras också vidare med hjälp av en känslighetsanalys, som således visar att det finns utrymme för att minska Hollbium Loops miljöavtryck. Det rekommenderas därför att Hollbium satsar på att optimera avståndet och de transportsätt som används, men att även öka tjockleken av den yttre ramen för att göra den stabil och robust. Slutligen rekommenderas det även att öka systemets vertikala längd för att öka avkastning och därmed minska de totala effekterna per kilo producerad sallad.

The distance between farms and cities and the limited access that some residents have to fresh foods can be detrimental to a city's capacity to feed people over time. This study addressed the under-studied topic of urban farming as a secondary food source, specifically by exploring the opportunities and limitations of urban farming in a large Northeastern city. Brundtland's food policy was the pivotal theory supporting food production to end global starvation, and was the link between environmental conservation and human survival. The research question for this study examined the potential food policy opportunities and limitations that assist urban farms as a supplemental food source. Twenty stakeholders from the public (6), nonprofit (7), private (3), and academic (4) sectors formed the purposeful snowball sample in this case study. Data were collected through open-ended interviews, which were then subjected to an iterative and inductive coding strategy. The significant finding of this study is that while food policy supported urban farms as a secondary food source in a way consistent with Brundtland's theory, local food alone was inadequate to feed its urban population. Other key findings revealed that food policies that influenced land use, food production, and procurement presented unique challenges in each sector. Existing food production policies such as zoning regulations, permitting processes, and public funding benefited one sector over another. The study contributes to social change by exploring food policies that encourage partnerships between sector stakeholders; urban, rural, and suburban farmers; and city residents that foster alternative and sustainable food production in the urban setting.

Les villes ne cessent de se densifier au détriment des espaces de nature qui corrélativement se réduisent, tout comme les services écosystémiques qui leur sont associés. Face à ce constat, la végétalisation du bâti apparaît comme une alternative indispensable. Dans ce cadre, les toitures végétalisées font partie des outils d'aménagement des villes qui sont en pleine expansion. Ces toitures revêtent différentes formes, s'adaptant aux contraintes et enjeux urbains. Depuis quelques années, une nouvelle forme de toiture végétalisée a émergé : les toitures végétalisées productives (e.g. de biomasse alimentaire). Encore peu développée et mal connue, l'intérêt concernant cette forme de toiture ne cesse de croître. Leur conception, leur aménagement et surtout les services écosystémiques quelles peuvent rendre sont aujourd’hui encore mal connus et nécessitent d’être mieux appréhendés. Clé de voûte des toitures végétalisées, le sol en place influence directement et indirectement les services écosystémiques rendus par celles-ci. En dépit du rôle majeur de ces sols, peu d'études leur sont consacrés. Par ailleurs, des produits non renouvelables tels que la pouzzolane, l’argile expansée ou la tourbe sont aujourd’hui très majoritairement utilisés dans leur composition. Nous avons étudié des Technosols, c’est à dire des sols reconstitués, de toitures productives composés uniquement de produits issus de résidus du milieu urbain. Ce travail a eu une double ambition : (i) évaluer quantitativement les services écosystémiques rendus et (ii) comprendre les premières phases d’évolution des Technosols. Pour cela, trois dispositifs expérimentaux, installés sur la toiture « Bertrand Ney » de l’école AgroParisTech ont été utilisés. Il s’agit de bacs de cultures dans lesquels des sols sont construits, avec des agencements divers de cinq résidus urbains: un compost de déchet vert, du bois broyé, de la brique et de la tuile concassée, un résidu de champignonnière et un compost de biodéchet. Nous avons étudié l’effet des différents types de Technosols construits sur (i) les services écosystémiques rendus, (ii) la production alimentaire (quantitative et qualitative), (iii) la fertilité physico-chimique et (iv) leur évolution temporelle. Les Technosols construits sont fertiles et permettent une production alimentaire conséquente sur une à cinq années, caractérisée par de faibles teneurs en éléments traces métalliques équivalentes à celles de la moyenne des productions maraichères. L’évaluation quantitative de services écosystémiques (production alimentaire, recyclage de résidus urbain, rétention des eaux de pluies et qualité des eaux de percolations (C et N), a souligné le caractère multifonctionnel des systèmes étudiés et met en évidence un disservice, qui est une altération de la qualité des eaux de percolation par lixiviation du carbone, pouvant être liée à celle d’autres éléments. Une première phase de pédogénèse rapide et intense est observée, marquée par une forte biodégradation des matériaux et une forte lixiviation. Nos travaux ont mis en évidence l’existence d’un double compromis dans la conception d’un Technosol productif, entre (1) la biodégradation des matériaux (assurant la fourniture des nutriments minéraux aux plantes) et le maintien de la structure et porosité du matériau, donc de sa fertilité physique d’une part et entre (2) la fourniture d’élément nutritifs par biodégradation et la lixiviation, se traduisant par une perte de ces éléments et une altération de la qualité des eaux de percolation d’autre part. La connaissance des propriétés des matériaux utilisés et de ses liens avec les services écosystémiques attendus permet déjà de concevoir des toitures productives multifonctionnelles à partir de résidus urbains et de les gérer de manière durable. / Cities are becoming denser at the expense of nature spaces that are correspondingly decreasing, as are the ecosystem services associated with them. Faced with this observation, the greening of buildings appears as a valuable alternative. Nowadays, green roofs have become a planning tool in urban planning. These roofs take different forms, adapting to urban constraints and challenges. In recent years, a new form of green roof has emerged: productive green roofs (i.e. of edible biomass). Despite a growing interest, rooftop farming is still poorly developed and known. Their design, their development and especially, the ecosystem services they could deliver are still poorly understood and need to be known. Keystone to green roofs, the soil in place directly and indirectly influences the provided ecosystem services. Despite, it’s key role, soil is still poorly studied. Furthermore, non-renewable products such as pozzolan or expanded clay or peat are today mostly used in their composition. In this work we have studied constructed soils, named Technosols, for productive roofs made only of urban wastes. The objectives of this thesis were: (i) to achieve a quantitative assessment of delivered ecosystem services (ii) analyze the first stages of Technosol pedogenesis. In order to do so, three experimental devices were implemented on the “Bertrand Ney” rooftop of the technical University AgroParisTech in Paris. The experimental devices consist of multiple plots filled with different disposal of five urban wastes: green waste compost, shredded woods, crushed tiles and bricks, spent coffee grounds used to grow mushroom and a biowaste compost. The impact of the different Technosols on (i) ecosystem services, (ii) food production (quality and quantity), (iii) fertility) and (iv) temporal evolution, were assessed. Constructed Technosol are fertile and allow a consistent food production over one to five years. The level of food production was equivalent to that of a professional producer and food quality regarding trace metal element was below existing norms. The quantitative assessment of ecosystem services (food production, urban waste recycling, rainwater retention and overflow quality (C and N)), highlighted the multifunctional nature of productive green roofs. However, we identified an ecosystem disservice which is an alteration in the quality of the leachates due to carbon leaching and presumably other elements. A first phase of rapid and strong pedogenesis was observed marked by an intense biodegradation and lixiviation of the Technosols. Our works identified two trade-offs in the design of a productive Technosol: between (i) the biodegradation or organic materials (ensuring the supply of mineral nutrient to plants) and the maintenance of the structure and porosity of the Technosol (i.e. its physical fertility) and (ii) the supply of nutrients by biodegradation and leaching, resulting in a loss of these elements and an alteration of the quality of percolation waters on the other hand. Knowledge of the properties of the materials used to build Technosols and on their link with the expected ecosystem services already makes it possible to design multifunctional productive rooftop based on urban waste and manage them sustainably.