Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-09-12T12:47:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira Silva.pdf: 1317442 bytes, checksum: 09b1b466354aed08a80e456fa16862bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-09-13T18:59:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira Silva.pdf: 1317442 bytes, checksum: 09b1b466354aed08a80e456fa16862bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Secta BC (secta.csu.bc@uepb.edu.br) on 2016-09-13T19:07:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira Silva.pdf: 1317442 bytes, checksum: 09b1b466354aed08a80e456fa16862bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T19:07:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Cícera Renata Diniz Vieira Silva.pdf: 1317442 bytes, checksum: 09b1b466354aed08a80e456fa16862bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / INTRODUCTION: Violence is a socio-historical phenomenon accompanying the evolution of humanity, affecting individual and collective health and is incorporated as a public health object revealing, nationally and internationally, a problem that involves losses to the welfare, community safety and human rights. Violence against women is defined by the United Nations as any act of gender-based violence that results or may result in damage or physical, sexual or psychological to the woman being responsible for many complaints with which they resort to services health, such as gynecological problems in general, sexually transmitted diseases, depression, insomnia, anxiety, sexual dysfunction and eating disorders. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of domestic violence in women of Primary Health. METHODS: This was a cross- sectional study conducted in the health units of Serra Talhada family, Pernambuco, Brazil, with women living in the city, aged between 15 and 49 years of age who have had at least one relationship stable with men. The data collection instrument was a document prepared by the World Health Organization and validated in Brazil on domestic violence against women. For the sample size was calculated, the prevalence of domestic violence against women estimated at 46%, according to other studies, accepting a sampling error of 5%, the sample size resulted in 373 individuals. Design effect up adding 1,2 and 10% for losses, the final study sample of 493 individuals. Descriptive statistics were used (absolute distributions , percentages, mean and standard deviation) and analytical (bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance) with the 5% level of significance. RESULTS: For this dissertation, were produced two original articles. One on violence against women and another on violence during pregnancy. Regarding the first article, the prevalence, 46,8% of women were victims of aggression by their partners, most suffering more than one type of violence (68,4%). There was a prevalence of psychological violence (37,3%), followed by physics (33,7%), and sexual (18,7%). The use of alcohol and illegal drugs and the involvement of the partner in fights in the community and in the family circle were associated with a higher prevalence of violence (p = 0,001 and Reasons prevalence of 5,08; 1,41; 1,34 and 1,41, respectively). The results of the second article showed that 33,5% of women have been physically assaulted during pregnancy. 98,3% of incidents were perpetrated by an intimate partner and the child's father. 19,8% of women reported that during the attacks, took punches or kicks to her stomach. There were important and significant association statistically between the use of alcohol and illegal drugs and the occurrence of aggression. The other variables were included in the final model with p <0.20 . In the multivariate analysis in the final model the variable occurrence of aggression before pregnancy (Prevalence ratio 4,44). CONCLUSIONS: The survey results show that violence against women is still cause for concern, especially in the area of public health. Reinforces the need for measures to actually effect to the public policies in meeting this demand. / INTRODUÇÃO: A violência é um fenômeno social e histórico que acompanha a evolução da humanidade, afetando a saúde individual e coletiva e se apresenta como objeto de saúde pública revelando-se, nacional e internacionalmente, uma problemática que implica perdas para o bem-estar, a segurança da comunidade e os direitos humanos. A violência contra a mulher resulta em danos a sua saúde, como problemas ginecológicos em geral, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, depressão, insônia, ansiedade, disfunção sexual e desordem alimentar, fazendo com que estas recorram aos serviços de saúde para tratamento e acompanhamento destes problemas. OBJETIVO: Analisar a violência doméstica em mulheres usuárias da Atenção Primária a Saúde quanto ao tipo de violência sofrida, principais injúrias sofridas e busca de ajuda após violência sofrida. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal analítico conduzido com mulheres cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brasil, com faixa etária entre 15 e 49 anos de idade, que já tiveram pelo menos um relacionamento estável com homens. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário elaborado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e validado no Brasil sobre violência doméstica contra a mulher. Para o cálculo amostral, considerou-se uma prevalência de violência doméstica contra a mulher estimada em 46%, de acordo com outros estudos, aceitando-se um erro amostral de 5%, o tamanho de amostra resultou em 373 indivíduos. Acrescentando-se efeito de delineamento de 1,2 e 10% para perdas, a amostra final do estudo foi de 493 indivíduos. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva (distribuições absolutas, percentuais, média e desvio padrão) e analítica (Regressão bivariada e multivariada de Poisson com variância robusta), com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Para esta dissertação, foram produzidos dois artigos originais. Um sobre a violência contra a mulher e outro sobre a violência durante a gestação. Com relação ao primeiro artigo, quanto à prevalência, 46,8% das mulheres foram vítimas de agressão pelo companheiro, a maioria sofrendo mais de um tipo de violência (68,4%). Houve predomínio da violência psicológica (37,3%), seguida da física (33,7%), e da sexual (18,7%). O uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas e o envolvimento do companheiro em brigas na comunidade e no círculo familiar se mostraram associados a uma maior prevalência de violência (p=0,001 e Razões de Prevalência de 5,08; 1,41; 1,34 e 1,41, respectivamente). Os resultados do segundo artigo evidenciaram que 33,5% das mulheres já foram agredidas fisicamente durante o período gestacional. Das ocorrências, 98,3% foram perpetradas pelo companheiro íntimo e pai da criança e 19,8% das mulheres afirmaram que durante as agressões, levavam socos ou pontapés contra a barriga. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o uso de álcool e drogas ilícitas e a ocorrência de agressões. As demais variáveis foram inseridas no modelo final com valor de p<0,20. Na análise multivariada permaneceu no modelo final a variável ocorrência de agressão antes da gestação (Razão de Prevalência 4,44). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que a violência contra a mulher ainda é motivo de preocupação, principalmente na área da saúde coletiva. Reforça-se a necessidade de medidas que de fato, efetivem as políticas públicas no atendimento a esta demanda.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This study, which falls within Cognitive Linguistics, consists of an investigation into the emergence of systematic metaphors in the speech of women direct victims of domestic violence, a growing phenomenon that presents alarming escalation indices. To understand this violence which makes victims in all social strata, it was necessary to investigate how ideas and feelings relating to domestic violence against women emerge in the speech of its direct victims. Based on the theoretical framework of the Metaphor-led Discourse Analysis (CAMERON, 2003, 2007a, 02007b, 2008; CAMERON; DEIGNAN, 2009; CAMERON et al, 2009; and CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010), this study is based, according to Cameron (CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010), on the understanding that metaphor is local and emerges in the discourse; has several dimensions to consider (linguistic, embodied, cognitive, affective, sociocultural and dynamic); and may, as a research tool, reveal what people who use it feel and think (CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010). Also according to Cameron (2007b), metaphors in language use result from a temporary stability of the trading concepts that are established among participants in a discursive event. Descriptive and exploratory, this qualitative research has a corpus composed of transcripts of the speech produced by six women about the domestic violence they have suffered, in a two-hour discursive event of a focus group which was recorded in digital audio. In order to collect data, along with the focus group technique, those of direct documentation were used. After transcription and proofreading procedures in accordance with the methodology adopted, the legitimated collected data were uploaded into the software Atlas.ti so as to complete the remaining steps of data preparation. With the data obtained at the end of these methodological procedures, it was possible to develop both the qualitative analysis of the speech of the participants and the quantitative survey related to recurrence of identified metaphorical vehicles. The results indicate the emergence of the following systematic metaphors, among others, in the speech of women direct victims of domestic violence when expressing their ideas and feelings about such phenomenon: CHANGING IS BEING A NEW PERSON; CHANGING IS GETTING OUT OF SOMEWHERE; GOVERNMENT ACTIONS AGAINST DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ARE SLOW MOVEMENTS, BEING SAFE IN THE HOUSE SHELTER IS BEING IMPRISONED, and TAKING AN ATTITUDE IS PUTTING AN END TO SOMETHING. These results suggest that, by means of the emergence of systematic metaphors, figurativity plays an important role in the expression of what direct victims think and feel about domestic violence against women. Data also indicate that systematic metaphors present metaphorical vehicles that are subject to metaphorical changes of three different kinds: re-employment , development (repetition, explanation and relexicalization) and literalization, among which the most frequent ones are those of development. / Este estudo, que se insere no Ãmbito da LinguÃstica Cognitiva, consiste em uma investigaÃÃo sobre a emergÃncia de metÃforas sistemÃticas na fala de mulheres vÃtimas diretas da violÃncia domÃstica, fenÃmeno cuja escalada crescente apresenta Ãndices alarmantes. Para compreender essa violÃncia que faz vÃtimas em todas as camadas sociais, fez-se necessÃrio investigar como ideias e sentimentos relativos à violÃncia domÃstica contra a mulher emergem na fala de suas vÃtimas diretas. Com base no arcabouÃo teÃrico da AnÃlise do Discurso à Luz da MetÃfora (CAMERON, 2003, 2007a, 2007b, 2008; CAMERON; DEIGNAN, 2009; CAMERON et al., 2009; e CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010), este estudo fundamenta-se, segundo Cameron (CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010), no entendimento de que a metÃfora à local e emerge no discurso; apresenta vÃrias dimensÃes a serem consideradas (linguÃstica, corpÃrea, cognitiva, afetiva, sociocultural e dinÃmica); e pode, como ferramenta de pesquisa, revelar o que pensam e sentem as pessoas que a usam. Ainda segundo Cameron (2007b), a metÃfora na linguagem em uso resulta de uma estabilidade temporÃria da negociaÃÃo de conceitos que se estabelecem entre os interlocutores em um evento discursivo. De carÃter descritivo-exploratÃrio, esta pesquisa qualitativa tem seu corpus constituÃdo pelas transcriÃÃes do discurso produzido por seis mulheres sobre a violÃncia domÃstica de que foram vÃtimas em evento discursivo de um grupo focal, cujo encontro teve duraÃÃo de duas horas e foi gravado em Ãudio digital. Para a coleta de dados, alÃm do grupo focal, foram utilizadas as tÃcnicas de documentaÃÃo direta. Depois de transcritos e revisados, conforme a metodologia adotada, os dados legitimados foram alimentados no programa Atlas.ti, possibilitando o cumprimento das outras etapas de preparaÃÃo dos dados. Com os dados obtidos ao final desses procedimentos metodolÃgicos, foi possÃvel desenvolver tanto o trabalho de anÃlise qualitativa da fala das participantes quanto o levantamento quantitativo referente Ãs recorrÃncias dos veÃculos metafÃricos identificados. Os resultados alcanÃados indicam a emergÃncia, entre outras, das seguintes metÃforas sistemÃticas na fala de mulheres vÃtimas diretas de violÃncia domÃstica, ao expressarem ideias e sentimentos a respeito de tal fenÃmeno: MUDAR à SER UMA NOVA PESSOA, MUDAR à SAIR DE ALGUM LUGAR, AÃÃES DO GOVERNO CONTRA A VIOLÃNCIA DOMÃSTICA CONTRA A MULHER SÃO MOVIMENTOS LENTOS, ESTAR SEGURA NA CASA à ESTAR PRESA e TOMAR UMA ATITUDE CONTRA A VIOLÃNCIA DOMÃSTICA à ESTABELECER UM FIM PARA ALGO. Esses resultados sugerem que a figuratividade, por meio da emergÃncia de metÃforas sistemÃticas, tem papel relevante na manifestaÃÃo do que as vÃtimas diretas pensam e sentem sobre a violÃncia domÃstica contra a mulher. Indicam tambÃm que as metÃforas sistemÃticas apresentam veÃculos metafÃricos que estÃo sujeitos a mudanÃas metafÃricas de reemprego, desenvolvimento (repetiÃÃo, explicaÃÃo e relexicalizaÃÃo) e literalizaÃao, dentre as quais as mais recorrentes sÃo as de desenvolvimento.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-20T20:17:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KivaniaPessoa.pdf: 17786905 bytes, checksum: 3fe9c612400542096696e0f7102ba916 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T20:17:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KivaniaPessoa.pdf: 17786905 bytes, checksum: 3fe9c612400542096696e0f7102ba916 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-28 / Violence against women in pregnancy has short and long term effects. Some complications are visible immediately; others may affect the course of pregnancy, the breastfeeding period and / or development of the child. This study aimed to analyze the effects of violence against women during pregnancy on exclusive breastfeeding duration and the risk for changes in child development in a prospective cohort study conducted in the city of Sao Luis, MA. In the first article, structural modeling equation was used to appreciate the effects of violence against women, on the exclusive breast-feeding duration in a sample of 1,133 women. The tested model was estimated by the method of least squares, with good fit (RMSA <0:08; CFI / TLI> 0.95). Violence against women during pregnancy and mental disorders showed no effects on exclusive breast-feeding duration. Pregnant women with higher perceived social support (p=0.007) and greater stability of marital status (p=0.028), showed higher exclusive breast-feeding time. In the second article, we used Poisson regression, to evaluate the effect of violence against women during pregnancy on the risk for changes in child development, using as a tool the Bayley III Screening Test, and the sample of 981 mother / child dyads. Maternal education represented risk to receptive communication (OR=7.3, CI=2.3 to 22.3), cognitive domain (OR=4.0; CI=1.5 to 10.5), and expressive communication (OR=1.3, CI=1.0 to 1.7); family income lower than one minimum wage represented risk for gross motor (OR=2.3, CI=1.0 to 5.2); preterm birth increased the risk for problems in expressive communication (OR=1.3, CI=1.0-1.6), fine motor skills (OR=1.60, CI=1.16 to 2.20), and gross motor skills (OR=1.9, CI=1.19 to 3.0). Violence had no effect on exclusive breastfeeding duration, or on the Bayley dimensions evaluated, but the tracking of family conflict situations since the beginning of prenatal care to protect the woman is necessary, your children and your family. / A violência praticada contra gestantes pode ter efeitos no binômio materno-infantil, durante a gestação, no parto, no período puerperal e ao longo da vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os efeitos da violência praticada contra gestantes no tempo de amamentação exclusiva e no risco para alterações no desenvolvimento da criança, em estudo de coorte prospectivo, utilizando amostra de conveniência da coorte BRISA pré-natal do município de São Luís (Maranhão-Brasil). No primeiro artigo, foi utilizado modelagem de equações estruturais, para analisar os efeitos da violência praticada contra gestantes no tempo de amamentação exclusiva, em amostra de 1.133 mulheres. O modelo proposto foi estimado pelo método dos mínimos quadrados, apresentando bom ajuste segundo os indicadores RMSA (p=0,031), CFI (0,981) TLI (0,979). Violência contra gestantes não teve efeito no tempo de amamentação exclusiva. Gestantes com melhor suporte social (p=0.007), situação conjugal mais estável (p=0,028) e maior idade (p=0,031), parecem amamentar exclusivamente seus filhos por mais tempo. No segundo artigo utilizou-se regressão de Poisson, com modelagem hieraquirzada, para avaliar efeitos da violência contra gestante no risco para alterações no desenvolvimento da criança, utilizando como instrumento o Bayley III Screening Test. A amostra reuniu 981 crianças de 12 a 36 meses. Escolaridade materna inferior a quatro anos aumentou a chance para problemas na comunicação receptiva (Odds Ratio OR=7,3; p<0,001) e domínio cognitivo (OR=4,0; p=0,005). Escolaridade materna de nove a onze anos resultou maior chance para problemas de comunicação expressiva (OR = 1,3; p=0,035) com relação às escolaridades com doze ou mais anos. Nascimento pré-termo aumentou associação de risco para alterações na comunicação expressiva (OR = 1,3; p=0,010), motricidade fina (OR=1,60; p=0,003), e grossa (OR = 1,9; p=0,007). Renda familiar inferior a 1 salário mínimo representou risco para problemas na motricidade grossa (OR=2,3; p=0,033); Violência contra gestantes não apresentou efeito no tempo de amamentação exclusiva, nem nas dimensões do Bayley avaliadas, porém é necessário o rastreamento de situações de conflito familiar desde o início do pré-natal no sentido de proteger a mulher, seus filhos e sua família.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Santos Silva.pdf: 1565713 bytes, checksum: 6ccde177d796d89caded2fc7b89991dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12 / This thesis aims to analyze the effectiveness of the criminal aspects of the Maria da Penha Law, it wonders if its effects were real or symbolic in combating and preventing domestic and family violence against women. The hypothesis that has been confirmed is that its effects are symbolic imprint on the culture of the expansionism of the criminal field. The research was delimited in the region of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, in the period from 2006 to 2013 and was based on analysis of court cases, interviews and documentary analysis. It was observed that criminal speech does not become effective before the few punishments / A presente tese objetivou analisar a efetividade dos aspectos criminais da Lei Maria da Penha, questionando-se se seus efeitos eram reais ou simbólicos no combate e prevenção da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher. A hipótese que foi confirmada é que seus efeitos são de cunho simbólico diante da cultura do expansionismo do campo penal. A pesquisa foi delimitada na comarca de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, no período de 2006 a 2013 e se pautou em analise de processos judiciais, entrevistas, analise documental. Foi observado que o discurso penal não se efetiva diante das poucas sentenças condenatória

Tant au Chili qu’en France, l'intérêt public pour la violence faites aux femmes au sein du couple s'est concrétisé par la création d'une politique publique. Ainsi, des lois, des programmes adressés aux victimes et des campagnes de communication publique ont vu le jour. Nous sommes intéressés par les campagnes de communication publiques réalisées par les gouvernements chilien, présidé par Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010), et le gouvernement français, sous la présidence de Nicolas Sarkozy (2007-2012). Au cours des années 2006-2012, les deux pays ont produit des campagnes de communication qui sont devenues des véritables composantes de l’action publique. Dans les deux cas on observe un mode opératoire des campagnes : d’abord, celles qui cherchent à choquer les individus à travers des messages pathémiques. Ensuite, une fois que le public a été choqué, les gouvernements ont mis en place des campagnes d’information et de prévention. Dans ce cas, l’objectif n’est plus celui d’attirer l’attention des gouvernés, sinon de les faire comprendre l’ampleur du phénomène. Delà l’importance de l’information dans ces campagnes : c’est à travers des informations sur le phénomène (le nombre des femmes mortes, ou le nombre des femmes victimes, par exemple) que les gens pourront progressivement diminuer le seuil de tolérance à ce type de comportements. C’est ainsi que il est possible d’observer la mise en place de la gouvernementalité.Notre s’inscrive dans les travaux en Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication que portent sur "la dimension communicative de l'action publique", développé par des chercheurs travaillant sur la communication publique et politique. / In both Chile and France, the public interest in violence against women within the couple has resulted in the creation of a public policy. For example, laws, programs for victims and public communication campaigns have emerged.We are interested in the public communication campaigns chaired by Michelle Bachelet (2006-2010) and the French government under the presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy (2007-2012). During the years 2006-2012, the two countries produced communication campaigns which became true components of public action. In both cases we observe a mode of operation of the campaigns: first, those that seek to shock individuals through pathemic messages. Then, once the public was shocked, governments put in place information and prevention campaigns. In this case, the aim is no longer to attract the attention of the governed, but to make them understand the magnitude of the phenomenon. In view of the importance of information in these campaigns, it is through information about the phenomenon (the number of dead women, or the number of women victims, for example) that people will gradually reduce the tolerance for this behavior. It is thus possible to observe the establishment of governmentality.Our work is part of the work in Information and Communication Sciences, which focuses on the "communicative dimension of public action", developed by researchers working on public and political communication.

Estudou-se a experiência de mulheres vivendo com HIV e aids também conviverem com situações de violência por parceiro íntimo, e as repercussões destes entrecruzamentos para o cuidado de sua saúde. Tomamos como referência o conceito de vulnerabilidade já formulado para a AIDS e retrabalhado especificamente para as questões de gênero, permitindo explorar o conceito nas situações de violência doméstica contra as mulheres. Partiu-se do pressuposto que os contextos do HIV/Aids podem gerar situações de violência de mulheres soropositivas e que as representações amorosas, o ideal de conjugalidade e de família podem influenciar no impacto do cuidado da saúde das mulheres. Foram realizadas 20 entrevistas em profundidade com mulheres em acompanhamento do HIV/Aids, inseridas nos Serviços de Saúde da Rede Especializada em DST/Aids da cidade de São Paulo, na modalidade história de vida. Encontraram-se diversos contextos da vulnerabilidade, denominada de gênero, nas narrativas produzidas, na infância, adolescência e fase adulta, reforçando padrões hegemônicos de gênero ao longo dos diferentes ciclos de vida dessas mulheres. O estudo aponta que as experiências do adoecimento na revelação do diagnóstico é o elemento disparador de medos e sofrimentos em decorrência da reação dos parceiros e a das preocupações com os filhos. O diagnóstico do HIV é o momento não só do contato com a doença, mas de desvelar ou reconhecer situações de violência. É a partir das concepções e contextos de vida que as mulheres identificam o modo de se situarem no enfrentamento do HIV e da violência. O cuidado da saúde foi abordado tanto como cuidado de si, quanto na relação com os serviços de saúde, o que mostrou a grande preocupação representada pelas dificuldades que, em função de suas condições de portadoras do HIV, essas mulheres viam para se manterem na condição tradicional de cuidadoras, dentro das referências do padrão social de gênero, quer em torno de seus adoecimentos e expectativas de vida futura, quer para com os filhos. Tais preocupações surgem como justificativas da manutenção da família diante de parceiros violentos. Embora presente, observou-se que o tema violência não é pauta na atenção à saúde da mulher vivendo com HIV e aids, nos serviços de saúde especializados. A vulnerabilidade de gênero destaca-se pela ênfase na condição materna, em que por ela e para ela as mulheres dão significados às suas vidas, ao adoecimento e ao cuidado. / This work studied the experience of women living with HIV and AIDS also live with situations of violence by their intimate partner and the implications of these intersections for their health care. We took as reference the concept of vulnerability already formulated to AIDS and adapted for gender issues, allowing explore it in situations of domestic violence against women. We started from the assumption that the contexts of HIV / AIDS can lead to situations of domestic violence involving HIV positive women and that the representations of love, the ideal of marital and family can influence on health care of these women. We made 20 in-depth interviews with women living with HIV / AIDS, followed on STD / AIDS reference centers of the Municipality of São Paulo, using living history method. We found in the narratives several contexts of the so called gender vulnerability occurred in childhood, adolescence and adulthood, reinforcing hegemonic gender patterns over the different life cycles of these women. The study shows that the fact of the diagnosis disclosure to be made during an illness is the element that triggers fear and suffering in relation to the reaction of the partners and worries with their children. The time of HIV diagnosis is not only the moment of contact with the disease, but also the time to uncover or recognize situations of violence. It is through conceptions and contexts of life that women identify how to locate themselves in the struggle against HIV and violence. Health care was addressed as much as caring for oneself as well in relation with the health services. This approach showed the great concern about the difficulties perceived by these women in order to keep the condition of traditional caregivers within the references of hegemonic social pattern of gender, either about their illnesses and future life expectations either about children. Such concerns arise as a justification for maintaining the family when there is coexistence with a violent partner. Although present, it was observed that violence is not an issue discussed in health care of women living with HIV and AIDS in specialized health services. The vulnerability of gender of these women is distinguished by an emphasis on maternal condition which gives meaning to their lives, illness and care.

The problem of violence against women in Serbia is connected with the position that women hold inside of the discourse of family and society in general. Also, the general atmosphere in media implies the lack of media freedom, specific structural organization, and ownership relations in media companies. From this starting point, this paper investigates how different newspapers in Serbia are reporting about violence against women. This study outlines the most common topics and social actors that are represented inside of the articles. The analysis is divided in two parts. A content analysis of the five different newspapers in Serbia (Kurir, Blic, Vecernje Novosti, Politika and Danas) and critical discourse analysis of the most relevant articles inside of those. Part of the study is devoted to identify how these articles are most commonly framed among the chosen newspapers. Another part of the study looks at the comparison of the newspapers, with special emphasis on the social actors and the way they are represented among the articles. Results showed that newspapers report on violence against women differently when it comes to the category of frame. Most commonly used frame among overall sample is human interest frame which implies reports connected to the individual cases of violence against women that often generate feelings of outrage, empathy, caring, sympathy, or compassion. The background of the cases is almost in all of the articles used to portray the human-interest perspective. The reports are somewhat similar when it comes to the way how social actors are represented in the articles. For example, in the analyzed articles it is most often that the victims are presented as passive agents. The discourse of guilt around the social actors is often shared between the perpetrator and the victim. According to the latest statistics, eight women were killed during the first 58 days of 2018. Thus, practical implication of this study is to potentially point out more and less effective ways for Serbian news media to approach this serious social issue in the future.

This three-paper dissertation quantitatively identifies and examines three different substantive areas using data from the American College Health Association’s Fall of 2016 National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). Specific areas of inquiry include, marginalized populations and college campus sexual assault, intersectional analyses of risk factors for college campus sexual assault, and drinking protective behavioral strategies as prevention tools for college campus sexual assault. Paper one, titled, “College Campus Sexual Assault and Students with Disabilities,” explores a particular marginalized group of students that have been largely left out of college campus sexual assault studies: female college students with disabilities. The logistic regression analyses find that having any disability increases risk for any type of college campus sexual assault more than other commonly cited risk factors such as binge drinking, or Greek affiliation. Moreover, the study indicates that odds for female students with disabilities are varied depending on the type of assault, completed, attempted, or relationship, as well as the specific type of disability. Results are discussed, and policy implications, limitations, and opportunities for future research are delineated. Paper two, titled, “College Campus Sexual Assault: Moving Toward a More Intersectional Quantitative Analysis,” is guided by an intersectional theoretical framework. The study employs classification and regression tree analyses (CART) to identify more specific groups of students that are at disproportionate risk for sexual assault beyond singular variables or even interaction effects. Unlike traditional regression techniques, CART does not assume a linear relationship, and can simultaneously account for independent variables relationship to one another while determining which variables have the most explanatory power for the dependent variable and for which unique groups of students. The study discusses results of analyses in relationship to intersectional research both theoretically and methodologically, as well as future research, and policy implications. Alcohol consumption, particularly binge drinking, has been consistently linked to greater risk for college campus sexual assault victimization. However, there is a lack of college campus violence prevention and intervention programming that addresses alcohol consumption in relation to campus sexual assault. As such, paper three, titled, “Drinking Protective Behavioral Strategies and College Campus Sexual Assault,” uses logistic regression to explore whether or not the use of drinking protective behavioral strategies (PBS) lowers risk for sexual assault in female college students that drink alcohol. The study examines both the main effects of drinking PBS on sexual assault risk, as well as whether or not the use of drinking PBS moderates the risk of frequent alcohol consumption, and binge drinking on college campus sexual assault. The paper discusses findings, limitations, policy implications, and avenues for future research.

<p>Föreliggande studies syfte är att studera och beskriva behandlingsmodeller för män som använder våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer. Syftet kan brytas ned i följande frågeställningar: (i) vilka behandlingsmodeller finns omnämnda i litteraturen för män som använder våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer och hur kan dessa beskrivas, (ii) vilka likheter respektive skillnader finns mellan olika behandlingsmodeller, (iii) vilka behandlingsresultat och utvärderingssvar finns dokumenterade beträffande behandlingsmodellernas effektivitet samt (iv) hur kan resultatet analyseras utifrån teoretiska perspektiv beträffande mäns våld mot kvinnor? Som utgångspunkt för analys har tre teoretiska perspektiv beträffande mäns våld mot kvinnor brukats. Dessa har utgjorts av ett strukturellt/feministiskt, ett individualpsykologiskt samt ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv, vilka förklarar mäns våld mot kvinnor på skilda abstraktionsnivåer och med olika teoretiska utgångspunkter. Föreliggande uppsats har genomförts som en litteraturstudie med ett kvalitativt angreppssätt, med anledning av studiens intention att beskriva och sammanställa kunskaper om existerande behandlingsmodeller för män som använder våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer. Vid införskaffandet av material påträffades tre behandlingsprogram som de mest förekommande i den insamlade litteraturen, varför dessa behandlingsmodeller; Emerge, Duluthmodellen; DAIP, och Change, samt utvärderingar av dessa, inkluderades i resultatet. Studiens resultat visar att dessa tre behandlingsmodeller alla utgår från profeministiska teorier vad gäller definitioner och förklaringar av mäns våld mot kvinnor. Liknande behandlingsmetoder har vidare kunnat påträffas i de tre programmen; såsom inslag av kognitiv beteendeterapi i behandlingen, pedagogiska metoder samt gruppsessioner. Vad som skiljer modellerna åt är bland annat att de i olika hög grad har kontakt med de våldsbrukande männens partners, samt att två av dem; Duluthmodellen och Change, inkluderar ett arbete mellan olika officiella instanser i behandlingen, vilket Emerge inte gör. Vidare har Change i högre grad ett uttalat KBT-inriktat förhållningssätt, än de övriga två programmen. Vid analysen har framkommit att behandlingsmodellerna, trots sin profeministiska teoretiska utgångspunkt, tycks vara tämligen eklektiska vad gäller vilka konkreta behandlingsmetoder som används. Emerge, Duluthmodellen och Change har utvärderats i varierande hög grad; de existerande utvärderingarna har dock visat på generellt måttliga resultat beträffande behandlingens effektivitet. Förutom de ovannämnda programmen har även ytterligare utvärderingar av andra behandlingsmodeller inkluderats i resultatet, vilka uppnått varierande, dock sammanfattningsvis, måttfulla resultat.</p> / <p>The purpose of this essay is to study and describe treatment programs for men who are violent against women in intimate relationships. This purpose can be divided into following questions: (i) what treatment programs are to be found in the literature concerning men who are violent against women in intimate relationships and how can they be described, (ii) what similarities and differences are there between different treatment programs, (iii) what are the results of treatment and evaluations documented concerning the treatment programs effect and (iv) how can the results of the study be analysed from the theoretical perspectives concerning men’s violence against women? As a point of departure of the analysis, three theoretical perspectives relating to men’s violence against women has been used. They are constituted by a structural/feminist perspective, an individual psychological perspective and a social psychological perspective, that explains the violences of men against women on various abstraction levels and with separate theoretical views. The method has been conducted as a literature review with a qualitative approach, because of the intention of the study to describe and put together knowledge about existing treatment programs for men who are using violence against women in intimate relationships. Three treatment programs were found to be the most occurring in the collected literature, hence these treatment programs; Emerge, the Duluth Model; DAIP, and Change, together with evaluations of these programs, were included in the result. The study’s result shows that all of these three treatment programs use profeminist theories as a point of departure concerning definitions and explanations of the violences of men against women. Further, similar treatment methods have been found to occur in all of the three programs; such as touches of cognitive behavioural therapy, educational methods and group sessions in the treatment. What separates the programs is that they in varying degrees emphasises keeping in contact with the partners of the violent men, and that two of them; the Duluth Model and Change, are including work with different official institutions in the treatment, as the Emerge program does not. Further, Change has a more outspoken CBT-related approach, which the other two programs have not. The analysis reveals that the treatment programs, in spite of their profeminist theoretical view, seem to be rather eclectic concerning the concrete treatment methods that are used. Emerge, the Duluth Model and Change has been evaluated to varying degrees. The existing evaluations have shown generally moderate results concerning the effect of the treatment. Besides of the mentioned programs further evaluations of other treatment programs have been included in the result, which have reached varied; but in sum, moderate results.</p>

<p>The thesis firstly looks at how women&rsquo / s right to freedom from violence has developed in international (global) human rights law since the early 1990s. In this regard, the study finds that while the issue of violence against women (and women&rsquo / s rights generally) was barely on the international human rights agenda at the beginning of this period, an enormous degree of development has subsequently taken place. Through the adoption of documents such as General Recommendation No. 19 by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Declaration on Elimination of Violence against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action, international norms and standards were set regarding role of the State in providing women with protection against violence.</p>