The motivation of staff in higher education institutions, especially In Zimbabwe, has not received due attention over the years. This study investigated the factors affecting staff motivation at a Teachers' College in Zimbabwe. Staff perceptions of factors they found motivating and demotivating were established through the use of a qualitative methodology in which the semi-structured interview was used as the dominant method. Participant observation and the informal unstructured interview were employed in a complementary manner. The findings indicated that the factors respondents found motivating were those that tended to alleviate the needs for recognition, appreciation and self-actualisation. Demotivating factors included management policy and style, decision-making procedures and administration. The findings are discussed in the context of some dominant theories of motivation and recommendations are made regarding strategies to be used and what further research can be undertaken to address the problem.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Katedra andragogiky a personálního řízení Andragogika Abstrakt k dizertační práci v anglickém jazyce Pracovní spokojenost učitelů středních a vyšších policejních škol Ministerstva vnitra České republiky Jiří Baudyš The thesis focuses on job satisfaction among teachers of Secondary Police Schools and Police Colleges of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. Attention is devoted to theoretical concepts of job satisfaction and motivation, along with job satisfaction in psychological and performance-related context and surveys on teachers' job satisfaction. The empirical investigation is based on the theories of work motivation and research into teachers' job satisfaction. Quantitative assessment of job satisfaction among the teachers of Secondary Police Schools and Police Colleges of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic is conducted with the use of the Teachers' Satisfaction Assessment Inventory in order to evaluate the teachers' overall job satisfaction and its relation to selected variables, especially of extrapersonal character.

This research empirically investigates Locke's (1997) model of work motivation by means of quantitative research. The OCQ consisting of three tiered questionnaires was constructed based on Locke's model. OCQ-Tierl deals with core components of Locke's model. OCQ-Tier2 determines which factors caused the incidence of dissatisfaction in OCQ-Tierl. OCQ-Tier3 enables the identification of corrective actions. The OCQ was administered to financial services employees. The results were analysed and Locke's model was tested by means of structural equation modelling using the AMOS graphics programme. The results indicated that the model, suggesting causal links between components within OCQ-Tierl, could not be confirmed. A better fit was found at OCQ-Tier2 and OCQ-Tier3. In testing the causal links across the three tiers per component, the models did not fit the data for "personal actualisation" and "goal achievement". Moderate confirmation of the models was found in the case of "goal setting" and "goal behaviour" across the three tiers after some adaptations were made to the models on the basis of "modification indices", suggested by AMOS. A reasonably good fit was found for the models across the three tiers for "quality of work life". The level of correlation between factors was high because of this, and in some cases some of the factors were merged. Modification indices in the statistical output suggested that improvement was possible if covariance between error terms in the model was allowed. This suggested possible systematic sources of covariance between items not accounted for by the factors in the models. As confirmed by the Cronbach Alpha coefficients within tiers and across tiers, the general level of internal consistency was very high. Possibly response set and response style were the cause of this. This made the testing of models difficult in the present study. So too was it difficult to draw a conclusion about the internal consistency reliability of the measurement of each component across the three tiers, because the high Cronbach coefficients may to some extent be due to the indiscriminate high correlations between items / D.Litt. et Phil. (Industrial Psychology)

I detta arbete har uppfattningar beträffande överstyrmans roll i förhållande till däcksmanskapets motivation till arbetet undersökts. Data har samlats in från åtta personer som arbetat som överstyrmän genom ett skriftligt formulär och en intervju som gett kvalitativa utsagor inom tre huvudområden: Motivationshöjande åtgärder från överstyrman, Övriga faktorer som påverkar motivationen samt Organisatoriskt stöd som överstyrman har i sitt arbete med att motivera matroserna. En majoritet av de intervjuade anger att det är viktigt med: Arbetets innehåll och att det känns meningsfullt och sammanhållningen i arbetsgruppen. Särskilt viktigt uppfattar överstyrmän är att ge personalen ansvar och feedback på utfört arbete, skapa delaktighet för verksamheten ombord samt arbeta med mål och resultatuppföljning. Deras uppträdande gentemot sina medarbetare är viktigt för motivationen ombord. Man ska bemöta besättningen respektfullt. Andra faktorer som är viktiga för motivationen är bland annat: anställningsförhållanden, maten, trivselaktiviteter, tillgång till gym och internet. Det organisatoriska stödet till överstyrman har visat sig förhållandevis svagt utvecklat och verkar inte heller saknas i någon större utsträckning. Den faktorn som anses viktigast och som fungerar är tydliga mål och förväntningar från befälhavaren. / In this thesis perceptions of the role of the Chief officer in relation to the crew's motivation for work has been investigated. Data has been collected from eight people who worked as Chief officers through a questionnaire and interviews which has given qualitative statements in three main areas: Motivational measures from Chief officer, Other factors influencing motivation, and Organizational support for the Chief officer. A majority of the interviewees indicate that important for motivation are: The content of the work and that it feels meaningful and the cohesion of the working group. Of particular importance for the respondents are to provide employee responsibilities and to give feedback on accomplished work, create involvement for the operation onboard, as well as using objectives and results follow-up. Their behavior towards the ratings are important. Other factors that are important for the motivation include: Employment conditions, Food, Recreation Activities, Gym and Internet. The organizational support for the Chief officer has been found to be relatively weak and are also not sought after by the Chief officers to any greater extent. The factor considered most important and effective factors are clear objectives and expectations from the Master.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEC_TESE.pdf: 2674949 bytes, checksum: e99eebe77638a569585d70ad4d2ca0a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present study has proposed a structural model to identify the reasons why individuals become voluntary, keep and exit this type of work. The empirical space was the Pastoral da Crian?a - social action agency of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil (CNBB) - community-based institution that has its work based on solidarity and the sharing of knowledge. The theoretical framework has the context in which are volunteering studies in Brazilian and world level. Then discuss the various concepts of volunteering and presented the theoretical models of volunteer motivation. Studies of Mostyn (1983) and studies conducted by the BEPEGE-Base for Studies and Research in Management Policies and Strategies - in their line of research GERQUAL - Human Resource Management and Organizational Quality - of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte as Carvalho e Souza(2006), Souza, Medeiros e Fernandes (2006), Souza et al (2009, 2010), Cavalcante et al (2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2011d) were the main theoretical references for the construction of the model that was tested. Data collection was done through a survey with 71 indicators, in 2 visits to cities from the Diocese of Pesqueira, Pernambuco. The first data collection occurred in the period between May 30 and June 3, 2011, in Buique/PE and the second collection happened in Pesqueira/PE, in St. Joseph Seminary, in the period between July 6-8, 2011. 720 questionnaires were collected. The sample was divided into two parts. Exploratory Factor Analysis was applied in first part and Confirmatory Factor Analysis - structural equation modeling - in the second half. The examination of the results achieved by the expectations, reasons for entry, reasons for staying and exit reasons showed that all hypotheses were accepted. So the motivation of voluntary Pastoral da Crian?a can be explained by a set of interactions between these five constructs: Altruistic, Affectionate, Amiable, Adjusted and Astute / O presente estudo prop?s modelo estrutural que identificasse os motivos que levam indiv?duos a se tornar volunt?rio, manter-se e deixar de executar tal tipo de trabalho. O espa?o emp?rico foi a Pastoral da Crian?a - Organismo de a??o social da Confer?ncia Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB) - institui??o de base comunit?ria que tem seu trabalho baseado na solidariedade e na partilha do saber. O referencial te?rico apresentou o contexto no qual est? o voluntariado, em n?vel mundial e nacional. Em seguida discutiu os diversos conceitos de voluntariado e apresentou os modelos te?ricos de motiva??o volunt?ria.Os estudos de Mostyn (1983) e os estudos conduzidos pela BEPEGE - Base de Estudos e Pesquisas em Estrat?gias e Pol?ticas de Gest?o na sua linha de pesquisa GERQUAL - Gest?o de Recursos Humanos e Qualidade Organizacional da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte como Carvalho e Souza(2006), Souza, Medeiros e Fernandes (2006), Souza et al (2009, 2010), Cavalcante et al (2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2011d) foram as principais refer?ncias te?ricas para a constru??o do modelo que foi testado.A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de question?rio fechado com 71 indicadores, em 2 visitas a cidades da Diocese de Pesqueira/PE. A primeira coleta de dados ocorreu no per?odo entre 30 de maio e 3 de junho de 2011, na cidade Buique /PE e a segunda coleta aconteceu na cidade de Pesqueira/PE, no Semin?rio S?o Jos?, no per?odo entre 6 e 8 de julho de 2011. Foram aplicados 720 question?rios. A amostra foi dividida em duas partes. Na primeira foi feita a An?lise Fatorial Explorat?ria e na segunda a An?lise Fatorial Confirmat?ria, por meio da Modelagem das Equa??es Estruturais. O exame dos resultados alcan?ados pelos modelos das expectativas, dos motivos de entrada, dos motivos de perman?ncia e dos motivos de sa?da permite afirmar que todas as hip?teses foram aceitas. Assim a motiva??o do volunt?rio da Pastoral da Crian?a pode ser explicada por um conjunto de intera??es entre esses cinco constructos: Altru?smo, Afetivo, Amig?vel, Ajustado e Ajuizado

Titel: Personlighetsegenskaper och motivation Syfte: Att belysa hur en mellanchefs personlighetsegenskaper inverkar på hur de motiverar sina medarbetare.  Teori: The Big Five, arbetsmotivation och Herzberg tvåfaktormodell. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med ett konstruktionistiskt perspektiv samt ur en hermeneutisk synvinkel. Metoden utgjordes av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer som spelades in och transkriberades. Intervjuerna utgick från en intervjuguide som var baserad på studiens teorier. Respondenterna valdes ut med ett målstyrt urval. Empiri: En sammanställning av de fyra semi-strukturerade intervjuerna som genomfördes. Slutsats: En mellanchefs personlighetsegenskaper visade sig ha en viss inverkan på hur de motiverar sina medarbetare. Hur stor denna inverkan är varierar mellan olika mellanchefer. I ett fall där en mellanchef hade medelnivåer av de flesta personlighetsdimensionerna och låga nivåer av extraversion samt neuroticism uppfattades hen vara lugn, reserverad och uppgiftsorienterad. Vilket inverkade på hens motivationsarbete genom att hen använde sig av inre motivationsfaktorer på ett sådant sätt där hen lämnade över ansvaret till medarbetarna själva. I ett annat fall hade en mellanchef utmärkande nivåer av tillgänglighet/vänlighet/behag och samvetsgrannhet, lite över medel av extraversion och låg nivå av neuroticism och öppenhet. Där det främst var hens låga nivå av extraversion som antydde på att hen är mer uppgiftsorienterad som visade sig inverka på hens sätt att motivera sina medarbetare, via den inre motivationsfaktor erkännande. En annan mellanchef med liknande personlighetsegenskaper, dock med en betydligt högre nivå av extraversion som innebär att hen är personinriktad istället, involverade sig betydligt mycket i sina medarbetare mer som enskilda individer och visade på ett betydligt större intresse för deras utveckling och välmående. Hen använde inre motivationsfaktorer som erkännande, prestation, personliga utvecklingsmöjligheter och hygienfaktorer som belöningar och lön. En annan mellanchef visade sig använda samma typer av motivationsfaktorer, dock med en helt annan nivå av engagemang och intresse i sina medarbetare, vilket troligen beror på hennes personlighetsegenskaper som är totala motsatsen jämfört med övriga studerade mellanchefer. / Title: Personality traits and motivation Purpose: To illustrate how a senior executive’s personality traits affect how they motivate their employees. Theory: The Big Five, work motivation and Herzberg's two factor model. Method: A qualitative study with a constructive perspective with one hermeneutical position. Four semi structured interviews were conducted, all of them were recorded and transcribed. Respondents were selected with a purposive sampling. Empirical: A compilation of the four semi-structured interviews conducted. Conclusion: A senior executive’s personality traits were found to have a certain impact on how they motivate their employees. The extent to which this effect is varied between the various senior executives. In one case where a senior executive had average levels of most personality dimensions and low levels of extraversion as well as emotionality, they were perceived to be calm, reserved and task-oriented. Which affected motivational work by using internal motivation factors in such a way that they left the responsibility to the employees themselves. In another case, a senior executive had distinctive levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness, a little over the means of extraversion and low levels of emotionality and openness to experience. Where primarily, there was a low level of extraversion that suggested that they are more task-oriented, which proved to impact in order to motivate their employees, through the internal motivation factor recognition. Another senior executive with similar personality characteristics, though with a significantly higher level of extraversion, which means that they are person-oriented instead, involved much more in their employees more than individual individuals and showed a much greater interest in their development and well-being. The senior executive used internal motivational factors such as recognition, achievement, personal development opportunities and hygiene factors such as rewards and salaries. Another senior executive was found to use the same types of motivational factors, but with a completely different level of commitment and interest in their employees, which is probably due to the personality traits, which is the opposite of the other senior executives

Submitted by Nayara Passos (nayara.passos@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-11T18:03:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE Alberto César Cavalcanti França.pdf: 3788012 bytes, checksum: a84eaeee00c35211070eb3130be655f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T18:03:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TESE Alberto César Cavalcanti França.pdf: 3788012 bytes, checksum: a84eaeee00c35211070eb3130be655f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / CNPq / Pesquisas na área de engenharia de software indicam que o gerenciamento apropriado da motivação e satisfação no trabalho são importantes para o sucesso de projetos de software. No entanto, rara tem sido a preocupação com o uso apropriado de teorias bem estabelecidas para fundamentar tais pesquisas, o que deixa em aberto várias questões práticas sobre motivação e satisfação no contexto do desenvolvimento de softwares. Evidências apontam que o conhecimento sobre a satisfação no trabalho, neste contexto, está relativamente consolidado, mas ainda há muito a se aprender sobre as características específicas que antecedem a motivação dos engenheiros de software. Objetivo: O ponto de partida compreende teorias de Satisfação no Trabalho e das Características do Trabalho, que defendem que motivação e satisfação no trabalho referem-se a fenômenos distintos. Esta tese objetiva então clarificar quais são as características do trabalho que influenciam a motivação de engenheiros de software. Método: Este quadro teórico inicial foi evoluído baseado nos aprendizados resultantes de um estudo de múltiplos casos, executado em quatro organisações de software em Recife-PE. Durante 11 meses, dados foram coletados nestas organizações, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, estudos diários, e análise documental. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que (1) engenheiros de software não estão conscientes sobre a distinção entre os dois fenômenos (motivação e satisfação no trabalho), (2) motivação é caracterizada pelo engajamento e concentração, (3) motivação é afetada por diversas características da tarefa do engenheiro de software, mas também pela percepção sobre o engajamento dos colegas de trabalho e pela auto-confiança técnica do trabalhador, (4) motivação contribui para a satisfação no trabalho, moderada pela informação provida sobre a performance individual dos engenheiros, e (5) o papel mediador das características pessoais do indivíduo é universal. Conclusão: Com base nestes dados, é proposta uma nova teoria de motivação e satisfação de engenheiros de software (TMS-SE) que une elementos de teorias bem estabelecidas, expandindo-as e adaptando-as à realidade específica de engenheiros de software. A TMS-SE representa um avanço em nossa compreensão do comportamento de engenheiros de software, bem como levanta novas questões e propõe um terreno organizado para futuras investigações nesta área. / Context: Previous research work in the Software Engineering field indicates that a proper management of motivation and job satisfaction at work can help software organisations to achieve higher levels of project success. However, the little concern with the adequate use of well-established theories to underpin these researches left unclear several theoretical and practical aspects of work motivation and job satisfaction in the software context. In fact, there is enough knowledge about job satisfaction factors, but not on specific characteristics of the work that motivate software engineers. Objective: The starting point of this research comprises the Job Satisfaction and the Job Characteristics theories, which argue that job satisfaction and work motivation are distinguishable phenomena, with distinct antecedents and different outcomes. Then, this thesis aims to clarify specifically what factors drive motivation of software engineers at work. Method: The initial theoretical framework was evaluated and enhanced based on findings from a multiple case study that comprised four different software organisations from Recife, Brazil. For 11 months, rich data was collected independently in those organisations, by means of semi-structured interviews, diary studies, and document analyses, and the synthesis followed a standard procedure of cross-case analysis. Results: The results point out that (1) practitioners are not aware of the distinction between work motivation and job satisfaction, (2) work motivation is characterized by engagement and concentration, (3) work motivation is affected by software engineering tasks characteristics and by the co-workers’ engagement, workload and technical confidence, (4) work motivation improves satisfaction moderated by feedback information provided about the individual’s performance, and (5) the mediating role of individual characteristics is pervasive. Conclusion: Based on these data, it was possible to draw up a new theory of motivation and satisfaction of software engineers (TMS-SE), which unites elements from well established theories, expands and adapts them to the software engineering specific context. The TMS-SE represents an advance on our understanding of software engineers’ behaviour as well as it raises new questions and provides an organised ground for future investigations in this area.

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine if there were any differences regarding work motivation, stress and role conflict among middle managers depending on gender and length of service. The psychosocial environment is defined by inner work motivation, stress and role conflict. Another purpose with the study was to examine whether there were any interactions between gender and length of work. The study was conducted at a larger industrial company in Sweden where a total of 44 middle managers took part in the study by answering a paper survey. The measuring instruments used were Basic Need Satisfaction at workscale (BNS) measured inner work motivation and the instrument COPSOQ measured stress and role conflict. The result showed a significant difference regarding length of work and relatedness whereas those with a longer length of work estimated a higher estimation compared to those with a shorter length of work. The result showed no more differences regarding length of work and no differences depending on gender and therefore neither any interaction effects. / Syftet med denna kvantitativa studie var att undersöka om det förelåg några skillnader i mellanchefers upplevelse av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön beroende av kön och anställningstid. Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön definieras här utifrån inre arbetsmotivation, stress och rollkonflikter. Ytterligare syfte var att undersöka om någon interaktionseffekt fanns mellan kön och anställningstid. Studien genomfördes på ett större industriföretag i Mellansverige med totalt 44 mellanchefer som deltog genom att besvara en pappersenkät. Mätinstrument som användes var Basic Need Satisfaction at workscale (BNS) som mätte inre arbetsmotivation samt instrumentet COPSOQ som mätte stress och rollkonflikter. Resultatet visade på en signifikant skillnad gällande anställningstid och samhörighet, där de med en längre anställningstid skattade upplevelsen av samhörighet högre jämfört med de med kortare anställningstid. Resultatet visade inga fler skillnader gällande anställningstid samt inga skillnader beroende av kön och därmed inte heller någon interaktionseffekt.

Syftet med föreliggande kvantitativa studie var att undersöka om det förelåg några skillnader i upplevd psykosocial arbetsmiljö beroende på om de anställda arbetar i en automatiserad produktion eller en manuell produktion. Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön mättes utifrån aspekterna: inre arbetsmotivationen med underkategorierna: autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet samt krav i arbetet och stress. Enkätstudien genomfördes på en stålindustri där 60 anställda deltog i undersökningen. Mätinstrumenten som användes var BNS (Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale) som mätte den inre arbetsmotivationen med behoven; autonomi, kompetens och samhörighet. COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnarie) mätte krav i arbetet och stress. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad i inre arbetsmotivation, där de anställda som arbetade på den automatiserade avdelningen skattade högre grad av autonomi än de anställda på den manuella avdelningen. Vidare visade resultatet på en tendens till skillnad i krav i arbetet. De anställda på den manuella avdelningen upplevde högre krav i arbetet än de som arbetade på den automatiserade avdelningen. Inga skillnader påvisades mellan avdelningarna avseende motivationsbehoven kompetens, samhörighet eller stress. / The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether there were any differences in self- perceived psychosocial work environment depending on whether employees work in an automated production or a manual production. The psychosocial work environment was measured on the basis of the aspects: intrinsic work motivation with the subcategories: autonomy, competence and belongingness as well as demands in work and stress. The survey was conducted on a steel industry where 60 employees participated in the survey. The measuring instruments used were the BNS (Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale) that measured the intrinsic work motivation with the needs; autonomy, competence and belongingness. COPSOQ (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire) measured requirements in work and stress. The result showed a significant difference in intrinsic work motivation, where employees working at the automated department estimated higher autonomy than employees in the manual department. Furthermore, the result showed a tendency to differentiate from the requirements of the work. The staff at the manual department experienced higher demands at work than those working at the automated department. No differences were identified between departments regarding the motivational needs of competence, belongingness or stress.

Magister Commercii - MCom / The purpose of this research is to determine employee satisfaction towards union service delivery and the effect it might have on their motivation. For the purposes of the research, the term customer applies to all union members being serviced by the union and enjoying benefits of negotiations at a centralised or de-centralised level. More generally, trade unions and collective bargaining are seen to enhance the dignity of workers and their control of their working lives, hence the important role trade unions play within the workplace. Service deliveries from a trade union to its members are an important element of employee behaviour and motivation. The research will aim is to measure union members (customer) satisfaction of the service they receive from their union and the impact it possibly has on otivation. The hypothesis of the research is that if workers are satisfied by the service they receive from their trade union their motivational levels will also be high. Alternatively, if workers are dissatisfied by the service they receive from their trade union, their motivation will be low. A Biographical questionnaire, the Organizational Motivation Questionnaire (OMQ) and the Service Quality Questionnaire was administered to respondents to elicit responses on how the aspects of union service delivery impacts on their motivation in the workplace.  The results emanating from the current study indicate that there are statistically significant relationships between work content, payment, promotion, recognition, working conditions, benefits, personal, leadership/ supervision, general and work motivation and satisfaction in the technical department of a media organisation in the Western Cape. Furthermore, results show the nine independent variables (work content, payment, promotion, recognition, working conditions, benefits, personal, leadership/ supervision and general) significantly explained the variance in work motivation and service-delivery. The study also shows a statistically significant difference in motivation and job-satisfaction based on the biographical variables (gender, home language, marital status, age, race, job classification, education, qualifications, job grade and tenure). Multiple regression analysis revealed these variables significant explained the variance in job satisfaction and motivation. The results reveal some interesting insights into the relationship between union service delivery, motivation and job satisfaction amongst unionised workers in a media organisation in the Western Cape. Recommendations are made with respect to the management of this focal area of research. / South Africa