A qualitative survey has been carried out in a manning company whose business concept was to employ pensioners. Six pensioners have been interviewed regarding their views on resumed employment. The results of these interviews have been analysed supported by analytic induc-tion. Areas investigated cover: promotion of better health through work, motivation factors, groupings and control, experience and learning, work and spare time and finally strategies that appeal to an older workforce.The purpose of the survey was to investigate whether the manning company utilizes pension-ers’ experience and work skills from their former working life. We also wanted to examine if and whether continued employment contributed to an increased quality of life.The result showed that few employees were employed in positions that had any connection with their former working lives. The majority of tasks given were similar to ordinary house-work. To be needed, to perform purposeful work, to have social contacts and be appreciated were important. Few pensioners commented that the reason for their continued employment was financial. Time for recreation and own activities were expressed as important in the pen-sioners’ way of life. None of the pensioners wished to own their own business, they were sat-isfied with being employed despite a lower remuneration. / En kvalitativ undersökning har gjorts på ett bemanningsföretag som riktat in sig på att anställa pensionärer. Sex pensionärer har intervjuats om sin syn på fortsatt anställning efter ett långt yrkesverksamt liv. Resultatet har analyserats med stöd av analytisk induktion. Följande områ-den har behandlats: hälsofrämjande perspektiv på arbete, behovs- och motivationsfaktorer, grupperingar och kontroll, erfarenhet och lärande, arbete och fritid samt slutligen strategier som tilltalar äldre arbetskraft.Syftet var att kartlägga huruvida bemanningsföretaget tog tillvara den erfarenhet och yrkes-kompetens som pensionärerna tillgodogjort sig i sitt yrkesverksamma liv. Vi ville också un-dersöka på vilka sätt en anställning bidrog till en ökad livskvalitet.Resultatet visade att få anställda utförde arbeten med koppling till sitt tidigare yrkesliv. Flerta-let arbeten liknade hushållsnära tjänster. Att vara behövd, utföra ett meningsfullt arbete, social kontakt och uppskattning var viktigt. Få pensionärer påtalade att de var anställda av ekono-misk anledning. Tid för återhämtning och egna aktiviteter fördes fram som viktiga delar i pen-sionärernas liv. Ingen pensionär kunde tänka sig att arbeta i egen regi utan trivdes som an-ställd, trots en sämre ersättning.

Finns det någonting att vinna på att lämna skolan ett par år mellan gymnasiet och det att en högskoleutbildning påbörjas och finns det något värde i de erfarenheter en student eventuellt har från livet utanför skolan? Ser studenter och lärare inom musiklärarutbildningen någon nytta med dessa värden och ser även rektorer inom den kommunala kultur- och musikskolan att dessa värden har någon betydelse? Jag har i denna undersökning valt att intervjua aktörer inom musikhögskolan och den kommunala musik och kulturskolan för att ta reda på hur de ser på värdet av tidigare erfarenheter. Det resultat som jag slutligen kommit fram till visar att detta ämne är komplext och det är svårt att ge ett riktigt svar efter en undersökning som löper över enbart ett halvår. Dock visar de intervjuades svar att det är viktigt att dessa frågor diskuteras eftersom de flesta är överens om att det finns värden i tidigare erfarenheter. / Is there something to gain when leaving the academic world a few years between secondary high school and a higher education? And is there a value in the experiences a student might have gained from life outside the academic world? Do teachers and students within colleges of music and headmasters for local music schools, see that these experiences have any practical value?In this essay I have interviewed students, teachers and headmasters from both colleges of music and local music schools to hear their views regarding the value of earlier experiences. My result is that it is a very complex area and it is difficult to give a conclusive answer within the limits of this study, which spanned over six months. This notwithstanding, all of the persons interviewed in this study agreed that it is important to discuss these questions, and that there is a value in earlier experiences.

This bachelor thesis is intended to point out differences within the supervisors’ role and contribute in making the role more attractive. At present the information about how the supervisors’ perspective varies on the supervisors’ role and the introduction to it depending on work experience and education is unknown. Further it was investigated why the supervisors’ role is seen as an entrance to the building industry and how to develop the role to encourage the supervisors to stay longer within it. In the collection of data we have been interviewing supervisors and studying literature. In total we have interviewed 14 supervisors in the region of Jönköping and the result of the literature study has subsequently been used to substantiate the outcome of the interviews. The selection of interviewees was partly based on the supervisors’ work experience and educational level but consideration regarding sex and age was also taken. The result showed that the supervisors experience their role as a diverse, social and coordinating role and the main work involves staking, preparation for upcoming activities, answering questions and solving problems that occur. Furthermore it appeared that the supervisors’ role varies in work tasks as well as what is considered positive, negative and difficult. Moreover varies the role in the vision of the leadership and the experience of response from co-workers. Although it also appeared that the variations may not always depend on work experience and education level but also on the supervisors’ personality. The supervisors, who have experience from being craftsmen, were considered to have several advantages, for example concerning practical understanding, detecting inaccuracies and delays and that they more easily get accepted by the co-workers. The result indicated that the supervisors are experiencing their first months in the role differently depending on work experience and educational level. Most of them also believe that there are opportunities for improvement concerning the introduction period. The supervisors who have experience from being craftsmen felt prepared for the role to a greater extent than those supervisors who have an engineering degree. It were primarily those with an engineering degree who feel the need of a mentor but the majority of the supervisors reckons that if mentorship is to be used the mentor should be working at the same place as the supervisor. In addition, it was shown that the supervisors enjoy their role but the supervisors who have an engineering degree see the role as more attractive than those with a background as craftsmen. Possible enhancements mentioned were improved wage development, increasingly greater responsibility, better economic planning and more variation in the types of projects and tasks. The conclusions drawn were that the supervisors’ role varies in the aspect of the role itself and of the experience from the introduction period as well as that there are certain requests for mentorship and that there are opportunities to introduce changes which may make sure that the supervisors remain longer in their role.

Proactive socialization tactics, measures that organizational newcomers take to facilitate their own adjustment, have been shown to predict adjustment and more distal work-related outcomes, such as organizational commitment and intent to remain with the organization. Several cognitions and behaviors are considered to be types of proactive socialization tactics, but research has yet to distinguish between different types. Also, several individual dispositions have been identified as antecedents of proactive socialization tactics, but there has been little focus on identifying contextual or non-dispositional individual difference antecedents. The purpose of this research was to propose a dual-mode conceptualization of proactive socialization tactics and to distinguish between tactics directed toward changing oneself and those directed toward changing one's environment. This research also examined the role of contextual factors, the newcomer's age, and the newcomer's work experience as antecedents of proactive socialization tactics. The results of this research suggest that job and workgroup characteristics do indeed play a role in predicting proactive socialization tactics. Age and work experience were predictors as well, but not as strong as expected. Both self-directed and environment-directed proactive socialization tactics predicted desirable adjustment outcomes, but self-directed tactics were clearly stronger predictors of these outcomes. There was some evidence to suggest that newcomers' early fit perceptions moderated relationships between antecedents, such as workgroup characteristics, and proactive socialization tactics. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

One of the very interesting demographic features in the US over the last three decades of the 20th century is the increase of the married women labor force participation rate. Over the same period, estimated labor supply elasticity varies substantially. This dissertation is to investigate the reasons behind them. I first study the determinants of the increase of the labor participation rate for married women with preschool-aged children over the last three decades of the 20th century. Using 5% samples of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) for 1980, 1990 and 2000, I find that the existing explanations proposed in the literature may only account for 9.6% increase in the 1980s and 70% decrease in the 1990s. In this paper, I find that the rising ratio of career type women can explain 30.33% of the growth in the labor force participation rate, and the change in the composition of career motivating career type women can at least explain 17.22% growth across cohorts. Women who have been working three years before their first childbearing are more likely to return to work after the childbearing period. The analyzing data is the National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women (NLSYW) from 1968 to 2003 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79) from 1979 to 2008. This dissertation sheds some insight about a puzzle on estimated married women's labor supply elasticity variation. This important puzzle (sometimes referred to as the Hausman puzzle) is that the estimated labor supply elasticity varies substantially even when similar frameworks and similar datasets are used. I study the role of budget sets in producing this wide range of estimates. In particular, I study the effect of the typical convexification approximation of the non-convex budgets, and the well-known Heckman critique of the lack of bunching at the kink points of budget sets in the Hausman model. I introduce measurement error in nonlabor income to create an uncertain budget constraint that no longer implies bunching at kink points. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) of 1984 and 2001, I find that neither the convexification approximation nor using a model with random budget sets affects the estimates. These results demonstrate that variations in budget constraints alone do not explain the different estimates of labor supply elasticity. Changing the level of budget sets, for example by ignoring the state individual income tax, could affect the variation in elasticities.

Syftet var att undersöka skillnader mellan olika studentgrupper uppdelat efter år av arbetslivserfarenhet och ålder. Detta för att se om arbetslivserfarenhet och ålder hade någon betydelse för studenters interna motivation, externa motivation, amotivation och kontrollokus. I tvärsnittsstudien deltog 71 studenter (60 kvinnor och 11 män) från en högskola i Mellansverige och deltagarnas ålderspridning var 19-47 år. Undersökningen byggde på två enkäter; The Academic motivation scale (AMS-C28) for college students (Ryan & Deci, 2000) och Academic locus of control scale for college students (ALC) (Trice, 2013). Statistiskt signifikant skillnad fanns mellan en studentgrupp som var 19-22 år gamla och en studentgrupp som var 26 år och äldre på kontrollokus, där resultatet visade att den äldsta gruppen upplevde mer externt kontrollokus än den yngre gruppen. Statistiskt signifikanta skillnader fanns även mellan en studentgrupp som hade mellan 0-2 års arbetslivserfarenhet och en studentgrupp som hade mer än 4 års arbetslivserfarenhet på kontrollokus där de studenter som hade mer arbetslivserfarenhet upplevde mer externt kontrollokus än den grupp som hade mindre arbetslivserfarenhet. Arbetslivserfarenhet och ålder visade ett positivt statistiskt signifikant samband samt externt kontrollokus och ålder. Externt kontrollokus och arbetslivserfarenhet visade svagt positivt statistiskt signifikant samband och det fanns även ett svagt negativt samband mellan externt kontrollokus och extern motivation. Ytterligare ett positivt signifikant samband fanns mellan intern motivation och extern motivation. Resultatet visade inga skillnader eller samband vad gäller arbetslivserfarenhet och motivation. Ytterligare variabler är avgörande för att skapa en helhetsbild kring arbetslivserfarenhetens betydelse för studenter / The purpose was to examine differences between different groups of students disaggregated by years of work experience and age. The reason was to examine if the work experience and age had any significance for students' internal motivation, external motivation, amotivation and locus of control. Correlations between the above variables were also examined. In the cross-sectional study 71 students participated (60 women and 11 men) from a college in central Sweden with an age range of 19-47 years. The survey was based on; The Academic Motivation Scale (AMS- C28) for college students (Ryan & Deci, 2000) and the Academic locus of control scale for college students (ALC) (Trice, 2013). A statistically significant difference was found between one group of students who were 19-22 years old and a student group that was 26 years and older on locus of control, where the results showed that the oldest group experienced more external locus of control than the younger group. Statistically significant differences were also found among a group of students who had between 0-2 years of work experience and a student group that had more than 4 years of work experience on locus of control in which the students who had more work experience experienced more external locus of control than the group that had less work experience. Work experience and age showed a positive statistically significant relationship as well as between locus of control and age. Locus of control and work experience showed a weak positive statistically significant relationship and there was also a weak negative correlation between locus of control and external motivation. A positive significant correlation was shown between internal motivation and external motivation. The results showed no differences or relationships regarding work experience and motivation. Additional characteristics are essential to create an overall picture to the work practices relevant to students

The Bergslagen region in Sweden has a history of iron and steel production, and in the small industrial towns in the region, one large employer has often held a strong position. Although the region has gone through structural change since the 1970’s, in previous research, becoming self-employed is perceived of as difficult, since it implies going against a strong working culture. The image of Bergslagen is that of a non-entrepreneurial region. Furthermore, in previous research, the gender contract in the region is characterized as traditional. In this thesis light is shed on women in the region who are self-employed. Topics that are focused on are work experience, role models, family situation and networks. The study builds on qualitative interviews and longitudinal registry based statistics (1993-2003). The interviews were carried out in the municipalities of Norberg and Fagersta with self-employed women in the fields of health and business services. Conclusions drawn concern both the region Bergslagen as an entrepreneurial region and the lives of self-employed women. The situations and conditions under which women become and remain self-employed displays a complex interaction between different areas of life, both in relation to the start-up phase and the subsequent running of their businesses. The idea of the region as non-entrepreneurial is scrutinized. For one, the share of self-employed in the Bergslagen municipalities only differs among men, compared to the national average. The share of self-employed women in the region, however, is similar to the national average. Furthermore, the share of self-employed men and women varies among the municipalities within the region. Thus, it is problematic to speak of the region as non-entrepreneurial and as homogenous when it comes to self-employment and entrepreneurship. These findings indicate that the idea of the region as non-entrepreneurial is an expression of both the region being male coded and women entrepreneurs being subordinated.

Raising the qualification level for preschool staff is often seen by policymakers as a means of improving the quality of preschool. However, research examining the relation between qualifications of preschool staff and preschool quality has given inconsistent results. This suggests that one’s competence as a teacher is not necessarily reflected by one’s level of teacher qualification. The aim of this study was to contribute to knowledge about preschool teacher competence and its relation to education and practice. This was accomplished through documenting and examining perspectives on preschool teacher competence from currently enrolled Swedish preschool teacher students and recently graduated Swedish preschool teachers, who have prior work experience in early childhood education. In particular, this study focused on gaining a deeper understanding of which competences preschool teacher students and preschool teachers attribute to their education. Interviews were conducted with one preschool teacher education student and two recently graduated preschool teachers. The findings showed three competences reported as important by the participants: critical (self-)reflection, the competence to listen to the children, and the competence to care. Moreover, the participants believed that being confident in one’s profession, knowing why they are doing what they are doing, and the competence to reflect are competences gained in preschool teacher education. Lastly, the participants described a connection between theory and practice, which suggest that students with prior work experience do not experience a ‘reality gap’ between their education and the practical field. The research conducted in this study contributes to what is known about teacher competence and, more specifically, it gives more insight into the development of competence in preschool teacher education.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-03-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santiago_es_me_assis.pdf: 341674 bytes, checksum: 0646f80577c29a77e14b6ee1884fff91 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A exaltação conferida ao trabalho na sociedade ocidental concedem ao trabalhador uma identidade social, somos aquilo que fazemos e fazemos para um outro (Lei do social) que nos reconheça enquanto sujeitos desejantes, criando-se laços de investimento libidinal entre este sujeito (trabalhador) e o outro. Na relação de trabalho, a organização será este outro social, que assumirá uma função de Lei, uma função paterna, a quem o sujeito se ligará em busca reconhecimento, identificação e de realização de seu Desejo. Mais que isso, as organizações são o lugar de aprisionamento psíquico, recalcamento, sofrimento, criando uma eterna luta do Individual X Coletivo, Sujeito X Organização, Lei X Desejo. Assim sendo, este estudo apreende e analisa o enfrentamento do sujeito com a situação de trabalho, e a constituição subjetiva advinda após este encontro, a que chamamos de sujeito organizacional. Utilizando, em especial, os estudos de Enriquez e Dejours, e a partir de relatos e entrevistas sobre a trajetória profissional de trabalhadores vinculados a uma instituição universitária do estado de São Paulo, foi possível vislumbrar a utilização de mecanismos de defesa individuais e coletivos como forma de aliviar o sofrimento surgido da experiência de trabalho, bem como a construção de representações psíquicas acerca de sujeito, subjetividade, trabalho e sujeito trabalhador, e ainda a constituição/alteração de vivências materiais, sociais e históricas. Tendo como questão que o sentido construído pelo trabalhador em seu projeto de trabalho e projeto de vida faz ressonância com experiências passadas, presentes e expectativas futuras, mesmo que no ato analisador estes elos não se mostrem claramente, é de fundamental importância à clareza de que a arquitetura das análises, assim como o próprio objeto a ser analisado, é marcado pela singularidade e pelo subjetivo, permitindo diferentes exames e abordagens. / The exaltation affixed to the act of working in the western world grants the working person a social identity, that is to say, people are whatever they do, and they do so for another (Social Law) who can recognize them as desiring subjects, consequently creates ties of libidinal investment between the party offering his/her services (worker) and the other party desiring to hire him/her. . Through labor relationship, an organization will show its other side, which will take up a function of law, a paternal function, which the subject will be connected to in search of recognition, identification and fulfillment of his/her Desires. Furthermore, organizations are a place of psychic imprisonment, repression, and suffer feeding the eternal clash between the Individual and the Social; the Subject and The Organization; the Law and the Desire. Thus, this study aims at analyzing the clashes of workers within their job situation and the subjective constitution originating as a consequence of these clashes, which we call organizational subject. By making use of previous studies, especially those by Enriquez and Dejours, and by interviewing a diverse range of individuals, it was possible to gain an overview of individual and collective self-defense mechanisms as a means of relieving the pain brought about by the experience of work, and the construction of psychic representations on the subject, subjectivity, work, working subject, and yet the construction/alteration of material, social and historical experiences. Bearing in mind that the meanings a working person sets on his/her work and life project echoes both present and past experiences as well as expectations - even when these can not be seen clearly at the time of analysis. Therefore it is essential to understand that the architecture of analysis as well as the subject to be analyzed is highly marked by the singularity and subjectivity, allowing different examinations and approaches.

Denna studie undersöker om socialsekreterares yrkeserfarenhet påverkar hur de uppfattar och hanterar sitt handlingsutrymme, liksom deras självförtroende och engagemang i arbetet. Effekten av yrkeserfarenhet är i stor utsträckning outforskad inom ramen för socialtjänsten och därför syftar studien till en utgångspunkt för framtida forskning avseende hur yrkeserfarenhet kan granskas närmare. Genom en webbenkät har 626 socialsekreterare och 54 biståndshandläggare från 40 svenska kommuner beskrivit sin yrkeserfarenhet och svarat på frågor om handlingsutrymme, självförtroende och engagemang i arbetet. Först utforskades signifikanta samband mellan 20 beroende variabler och socialsekreterares längd av yrkeserfarenhet. Signifikanta samband undersöktes närmare i en binär logistisk regressionsanalys, som även prövade livserfarenhet som en alternativ förklaring istället för yrkeserfarenhet. Resultatet jämfördes därefter med biståndshandläggare för att undersöka om sambanden kan finnas inom andra myndighetsutövande yrken. Slutligen undersöktes typ av arbetserfarenhet som en medierande effekt till längd yrkeserfarenhet i en ny analys. Resultaten visar att yrkeserfarenhet främst har ett förhållande till socialsekreterarnas självförtroende, och att detta är särskilt tydligt för dem med erfarenhet från barn och unga eller familjerätt. Studien argumenterar för att socialsekreterare behöver tillgodoses ett adekvat stöd och handledning oavsett nivå av yrkeserfarenhet och självförtroende. Det framkommer även indikationer på att sambandet mellan yrkeserfarenhet och självförtroende är signifikant för biståndshandläggare. Fyra variabler som initialt visat signifikanta förhållanden till yrkeserfarenhet kunde i den fördjupade analysen till större del förklaras av livserfarenhet eller verkade varken förklaras av livserfarenhet eller yrkeserfarenhet. Detta illustrerar problematiken att åtskilja kvantitativa mått av livserfarenhet och yrkeserfarenhet som förklarande effekter i forskning. / This study explores if social service workers work experience affect their discretion, self-confidence and work engagement. Since the effect of work experience is largely unexplored in the context of the social services, this study means to generate a starting point for future research. Through an online survey, 626 social service workers and 54 care administrators from 40 Swedish communes specified their work experience and answered questions about discretion, self-confidence and work engagement. First, 20 dependent variables were tested for significance to social service workers length of work experience. Correlations were closer examined in a binary logistic regression analysis, which also tested life experience as an alternative explanation. To examine if these correlations could exist within similar professions, significance was tested using care administrators. Finally, type of work experience was examined as a mediator to length of work experience. Results showed that work experience primarily had a significant relationship with the social service workers self-confidence, which was especially evident for workers with experience from child welfare or family law. The study proposes that social service workers need to be supplied support and coaching regardless of their work experience and self-confidence. Results also indicate that work experience correlates to self-confidence for care administrators. Four variables that initially showed a relationship to work experience could instead be explained by life experience, or could not be explained by neither work– or life experience. This illustrates the difficulty to separate measures of work- and life experience as predictive effects.