Hälsan är något som är föränderligt och många människor spenderar stora delar av livet på sina arbetsplatser. Hur hälsan ser ut på arbetsplatser är något som även kan avspeglas på den personliga hälsan och vice versa. Hälsofrämjande insatser på arbetsplatser är något som kan påverka både den personliga hälsan men även hälsan på arbetsplatser. Syftet var att undersöka självskattad hälsa och hälsa på arbetsplatser hos anställda som; (1) erbjuds massage och nyttjar den, (2) erbjuds massage men inte nyttjar den, och (3) inte erbjuds massage alls. Detta gjordes genom en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med ett enkätformulär innehållande SHIS och WEMS som besvarades av 98 deltagare. Oparade t-tester användes för att undersöka skillnader mellan gruppernas självskattade hälsa, den upplevda arbetsmiljön i sin helhet samt för upplevelser kring stödjande arbetsförhållanden, individuella inre upplevelser, självbestämmande, tidsupplevelse, ledarskap och förändringsarbete. Resultatet visade att de som erbjuds samt nyttjar massage upplever bättre stödjande arbetsförhållanden jämfört med både de som erbjuds men inte nyttjar massage (p<0.05) och för de som inte erbjuds massage alls (p<0.001). De som erbjuds och nyttjar massage upplevde även bättre ledarskap än de som inte erbjuds massage (p<0.05). Utifrån SHIS och WEMS i sin helhet hade de som erbjuds och nyttjar massage tendens till högre medelvärde än både de som erbjuds men inte nyttjar och de som inte erbjuds massage. Massage tycks ha hälsofrämjande betydelse för stödjande arbetsförhållanden och ledarskap på arbetsplatser. / People's health is always changing and many spend a lot of their lives at their workplace. The workplace-related health is reflected in personal health and vice versa. Health promoting interventions in the workplace can affect both the personal health and also the work experience. The purpose of this study was to examine self-assessed health and perceived workplace environment in employees in workplaces who; (1) are offered massage and use it, (2) are offered massage and do not use it, and (3) are not offered massage at all. This was executed through a cross-sectional study with a questionnaire containing SHIS and WEMS that was filled out by 98 participants. Unpaired t-tests were used to examine the differences between the groups self-assessed health, the perceived workplace environment in its entirety, experiences around supportive work conditions, internal work experience, autonomy, time experience, management and process of change. The results showed that those who are offered massage and use it experience more supportive work conditions than those who are offered massage and do not use it (p<0.05) and also compared to those who are not offered massage at all (p<0.001). Those who are offered massage and use it also experience better leadership compared to those who are not offered massage at all (p<0.05). When looking at SHIS and WEMS in its entirety the results showed a tendency to a higher average score in the group who are offered massage and use it than both other groups. Massage seems to have a health promoting effect on supportive work conditions and on management in the workplace.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka personlighetens betydelse för arbetsupplevelsen av distansarbete under Covid-19. Studien undersökte även om det fanns någon skillnad på arbetsupplevelsen av distansarbetet beroende på om det skedde frivilligt eller påtvingat. Studien var en kvantitativ enkätstudie och urvalet var tjänstemän som under Covid-19 arbetat på distans. För att mäta personlighet genom femfaktormodellen tillämpades Ten- Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS) användes för att mäta arbetsupplevelsen. Resultatet visade ett signifikant samband mellan personlighet och arbetsupplevelsen av distansarbete under Covid-19, där vänlighet hade störst effekt men även neuroticism och samvetsgrannhet visade sig predicera arbetsupplevelsen av distansarbete. Extraversion, öppenhet, kön, ålder, samt om distansarbetet skedde frivilligt eller påtvingat hade ingen signifikant påverkan på arbetsupplevelsen. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of personality for the work experience of teleworking during Covid-19. The study also examined whether there were any differences in the work experience of teleworking depending on whether the telework was voluntary or forced. The study was a quantitative questionnaire study and the sample were white-collar workers who teleworked during Covid-19. To measure personality through the five-factor model, the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was applied. The Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS) was used to measure work experience. The results showed a significant relationship between the predictors and the work experience of teleworking during Covid-19. The results showed that agreeableness had the highest effect on work experience of telework during Covid-19, whereas neuroticism and conscientiousness also proved to be predictors of work experience. However, extraversion, openness, gender, age and whether the telework was voluntary or forced showed a non-significant result.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how secondary teachers in the subject of history are using the textbook in their teaching. Four questions are being dealt with in this thesis. What importance is being placed on the use of history textbooks by the secondary teachers? What priorities do the secondary teachers have? How do they deal with student interests? And what is the importance of the secondary teachers’ work experience?  I have interviewed four secondary teachers with different work experience to complete this thesis. A Dictaphone has been used in all the interviews.  Research has shown that textbooks now have a central role in teaching and the lack of alternative materials and reduction of teaching hours has made it difficult to replace.  The main conclusions of the thesis are that the history textbook has a dual role depending on the teacher you ask, and that the history book is used differently by the teachers. The priorities vary depending on the students that are currently enrolled and their interests are. Teachers with less work experience have a rather negative attitude to the textbook and believe that it can be rigid, while teachers with more experience see it as a tool for engaging the weaker students. However, the history textbook is required, and even the teachers who are not using the history textbook can all confirm that: because even a teacher who is not using it has the history textbook for the students to have something to refer to if needed.

Bakgrund. En stor och viktig del av den palliativa vården är kommunikation med patienter och dess närstående. Sjuksköterskan finns närvarande runt patienten och dennes familj genom alla vårdinstanser och kan få frågor av olika karaktär i alla möjliga situationer. Svåra samtal kan exempelvis vara existentiella eller prognosrelaterade samt handla om döden. Vård i livets slut sker i varierande utsträckning inom de flesta vårdinstanser. Samtal om och kring döden kan vara känsligt för samtliga deltagare då det berör vår existens på djupet. Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av svåra samtal med patienter och närstående inom palliativ vård. Litteraturöversikt var den metod som ansågs bäst svara på syftet genom att undersöka kunskapsläget inom området. Då studien undersöker upplevelser valdes endast kvalitativa artiklar till översikten. Innehållsanalys av resultaten användes för att undersöka likheter och skillnader mellan artiklarna med syftet att belysa sjuksköterskornas upplevelser. En förförståelse kring erfarenhetens påverkan fanns med genom hela studiens gång. Patricia Benners teori Från Novis till Expert ansågs därför lämplig som den teoretiska referensramen. Materialet analyserades även förutsättningslöst för att inte värdefullt material skulle missas. Resultaten visade att sjuksköterskornas förhållningssätt påverkade i hög grad den relation som skapas till patient och närstående och som följaktligen har stor påverkan på upplevelsen av samtalen. Sjuksköterskornas förhållningssätt inom palliativ vård passade väl in på teorin kring personcentrerad vård. Hur sjuksköterskorna berördes av samtalen påverkades i hög grad av tidigare erfarenhet, vilket var den viktigaste faktorn för att sjuksköterskorna skulle uppleva trygghet med att hålla svåra samtal. Osäkerhet lyftes som det största hindret för att en vårdrelation och således svåra men meningsfulla samtal skulle kunna uppstå. Slutsatsen av studien är att ett personcentrerad förhållningssätt behövs för att skapa en vårdande relation mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Äkta närvaro upplevdes viktigare än att ha alla svar. Erfarenhet var det som gav sjuksköterskorna störst trygghet i de svåra situationerna. Med tanke på hur viktigt samtalen är för att bland annat lindra existentiellt lidande är det av största vikt för utbildning och arbetsgivare att förbereda sjuksköterskestudenter respektive nyanställda för att minska osäkerheten i möjligaste mån. Stöd och utbildning för alla som möter patienter med svår sjukdom både inom specialiserad och allmän palliativ vård är av vikt. / Abstract. An important part of palliative care is communication with patients and their families. The nurse is close to the patient and their family wherever healthcare is provided and can receive different types of questions in any situation. Difficult conversations maycontainspiritual distress or concerns related to prognosis and death. End of life care is conducted in varyingextentwithin most places where care is provided. Discussions about death and dying can affect all members participating in the conversation on a deeper level. The aim of the study was to illustrate nurses experiences of difficult conversations with patients and their families in palliative care. The chosen method for the study was a literature review, as it was considered the best way to examine the current knowledge within the area. Since the focus of the study was on experiences, onlyarticles based on a qualitative approachwere included in the review. Content analysis of the results wasused to discover similarities and differences betweenthe articlesto highlight nursesexperiences. The authors had a preunderstanding that work experience would influence the nurses’ experiences and perceptions of difficult conversations. Patricia Benner's theory, From Novice to Expert, was therefore seen as an appropriate theoretical framework for the study. The material was also analyzedwith an open mind with the aim of minimizing the risk of leaving out othervaluable information. The results revealedthat the nurses approach highly affectedthe relationship with the patients and their families and further affected the experience of difficult conversations. The approach used by the nurses in palliative care correspondswell with the theory of person-centered care. How the nurses were affected by the conversations, was highly influenced by previous experience. Previous experience was the main factor enabling the nurses in feeling secure and comfortable enough to take part in difficult conversations. Insecurity was the most common barrier against creating caring relationships and dealing with difficult conversations. The conclusion of this study is that a person-centered care approach is needed to create a caring relationship between nurse and patient. A genuine presence was seen as more important than having all the answers. Previous experience gave most confidence in difficult situations. Considering how important conversations can be to alleviate spiritual distress as well asother difficult issues, it is of great importance for nursing education and employers to be aware of situations affecting nurses. Better preparationby educationand workplaceintroduction is vital forreducing uncertainty. Support and an education for all personnel working with patients in any form of palliative care is of importance.

This study investigates the association between CEO foreign work experience and CEO total compensation. The sample contains 863 observations from 2007 to 2016 from seven European countries. As certain aspects of foreign work experience are considered beneficial for the firm, it is likely that those who have worked abroad may appropriate some of the benefits themselves in the form of higher compensation. Contrary to the proposed positive association based on the resource-based theory, I find evidence that CEOs with foreign work experience receive significantly lower levels of total compensation compared to similar CEOs without foreign work experience, regardless of the diversity of their work experience. The results are robust to the endogenous CEO selection using a propensity-score matching method. The results show that the negative association between CEO foreign work experience and CEO total compensation is more pronounced for CEOs that are at the head of firms with a higher level of internationalization, measured as percentage of foreign sales. Managerial implications and suggestions for related future research are provided.

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Redovisningsskandaler leder till ett ökat tryck på etik inom revisionsbranschen. Denna studie intresserar sig för vad som påverkar det etiska förhållningssättet hos revisionsassistenter. Syftet är att beskriva och analysera om och i så fall hur revisionsassistenters syn på etiskt förhållningssätt påverkas av universitetsutbildning, byråintern utbildning och arbetserfarenhet. Detta testades med regressionsanalyser på basis av utskickade enkäter. Urvalet bestod av 34 revisionsassistenter anställda på revisionsbyråer i Sundsvall och Östersund. Studien ger indikationer på att internutbildning har en positiv inverkan på det etiska förhållningssättet. Studien ger dock inget stöd för ett samband att en högre utbildning (magisterutbildning i förhållande till kandidatutbildning) leder till ett bättre etiskt förhållningssätt eller att anställningstid påverkar det etiska förhållningssättet till det bättre. Studien ger inga generaliserbara resultat på grund av det begränsade urvalet. / Accounting scandals leads to increased pressure on ethics in the audit industry. This study is interested in what influences the ethical approach of audit assistants. The purpose is to describe and analyze whether and, if so, how audit assistants view of ethical behavior is influenced by university education, internal agency education and work experience. This was tested with regression analyzes on basis of sent questionnaires. The sample consisted of 34 audit assistants employed at audit firms in Sundsvall and Östersund. However, the study does not provide support for a relationship that a higher education (master’s education in relation to a bachelor’s education) leads to a better ethical approach or that employment time affects the ethical approach for the better. The study does not provide generalizable results due to the limited sample.

Distansarbete är ett fenomen som har vuxit fram de senaste decennierna och som förväntas att öka mer inom den närmaste framtiden. Fenomenet kan påverka individer och organisationer på ett antal olika sätt och kan medföra både positiva och negativa effekter. Denna studie undersöker hur hybridarbetsmodeller påverkar kommunikations- och samarbetsdynamiken inom en kundtjänstavdelning. När fler organisationer övergår till hybridarbetsplatser, där arbetstagare skiftar mellan distans- och kontorsarbete, har nya utmaningar dykt upp som kan påverka både kommunikation och samarbete mellan arbetstagare. Syftet med denna undersökning är att utforska personalens erfarenheter och upplevelser på en hybridarbetsplats, med särskilt fokus på deras kommunikation och samarbete. Genom att analysera den specifika kontexten för hybridarbete, är målet med studien att belysa hur olika arbetssätt påverkar samarbetet och informationsutbytet mellan kollegor, vilket i sin tur kan ge värdefulla insikter om hur arbetsplatser kan utformas för att främja effektiv kommunikation och samarbete. Studien undersöker detta genom att fokusera på följande frågeställningar:1. Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar ser medarbetare med hybridarbetet när det kommer till kommunikation?2. Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar ser medarbetare med hybridarbetet när det kommer till samarbete?3. Hur påverkar arbetsvana inom branschen medarbetarnas behov av kommunikation och samarbete?Baserat på den empiriska data som samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, visar studien hur semi-virtuella team, där medarbetare delvis arbetar på distans och delvis arbetar på kontoret, hanterar kommunikation och samarbete. Semi-virtuella team står inför utmaningar som påverkar kommunikationen på grund av fysisk frånvaro, vilket kräver användning av digitala verktyg och plattformar. Dessa utmaningar inkluderar risk förmissförstånd och fördröjda svarstider i asynkron kommunikation. Resultaten från studien understryker vikten av att utveckla starka kommunikationskanaler och tekniska lösningar som stödjer både synkron och asynkron kommunikation.Slutligen framhåller studien att övergången till hybridsarbete innebär både möjligheter och utmaningar för kommunikation och samarbete inom organisationer, och kräver väl utvecklade tekniska lösningar och kommunikationsstrategier. Effektiva verktyg och metoder för både synkron och asynkron kommunikation är viktiga för att minimera missförstånd och maximera samarbete. / Telecommuting is a phenomenon that has grown steadily over the past few decades and is expected to increase more in the near future. The phenomenon can affect individuals and organizations in many different ways and can have both positive and negative effects. Thisstudy investigates how hybrid work models affect communication and work dynamics within a customer service department. As more organizations shift to hybrid workplaces, where employees switch between remote and office work, new challenges have appeared that can affect both communication and cooperation between employees. The purpose of this study is to explore employees' experiences in this hybrid environment, with a particular focus on communication and collaboration. By analyzing the specific context of hybrid work, the aim of the study is to illuminate how different working methods affect collaboration and information exchange between employees, which in turn can provide valuable insights into how workplaces can be designed to promote effective communication and cooperation.The study investigates this by focusing on the following research questions:1.Which opportunities and challenges do employees see with hybrid work when it comes to communication?2. Which opportunities and challenges do employees see with hybrid work when it comes to collaboration?3. How does work experience within the field affect the employees´ need for communication and collaboration?Based on the empirical data collected through semi-structured interviews, the study shows how semi-virtual teams, where employees partly work remotely and partly work in the office, manage communication and collaboration. Semi-virtual teams face challenges that affect communication due to physical absence, requiring the use of digital tools and platforms. These challenges include risk of misunderstanding and delay the feedback and responses in asynchronous communication. The results of the study underline the importance of developing strong communication channels and technical solutions that support both synchronous and asynchronous communication.Finally, the study highlights that the transition to hybrid work means both opportunities and challenges for communication and collaboration within organizations that require welldeveloped technical solutions and communication strategies. Effective tools and methods for both synchronous and asynchronous communication are important to minimize misunderstandings and maximize collaboration.

本論文共一冊約十萬字，內分五章十三節，茲摘要如下： 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究目的與動機 本論文旨在瞭解美國企管碩士教育課程設計之發展趨勢與需求者對課之期望情況，以 為中華民國企管碩士教育之未來發展方向提出建議。 第二節 研究架構 以最近數年中美所發表之有關企管碩士計劃之期刊、論文歸納出七個主要論題：分析 比較中、美企管研究所在上述論題所做之努力之差異。 以問卷調查之方式來確定國內需求者對上述論題之重視程度。 第二章 研究方法 第一節 內容分析法 應用於文獻探討以瞭解企管碩士教育之發展趨勢；應用於各所之課程目錄分析中，以 瞭解中、美各所之發展重點。 第二節 因素分析法 應用於問卷資料分析上，以瞭解各類需求者對各個論題之重視程度。 第三章 中美企管研究所課程設計之比較 本章共分五節：一、中美基本必修課之相似程度與涵蓋範圍之比較。二、選修課程之 涵蓋廣度與專精深度之比較；三、中美企管所採行專門化或廣泛性企管碩士計劃之比 率比較；四、中美學生平均年齡與工作經驗比較；五、師資、畢業要求修件之比較。 第四章 課程需求情況之研究 本章共分兩節：一、美國的需求情況，根據最近幾年已發表之文獻探討之；二、台灣 地區之需求情況；以７１年畢業之企管碩士為對象，瞭解其對課程安排之看法。 第五章 結論與建議 對前述研究做簡單結論，並對中華民國企管碩士教育未來發展方向提出建議。

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS BUENO.pdf: 5563238 bytes, checksum: df3c9d9158c48d62f8a1cbdbdd65ef37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-12 / The world's current work is presented by the plurality and complexity and the constant quest for emancipation of the subject and reduce risks to workers' health. Working is in the own existential meaning of social being. From technological and productive changes and the phenomenon of unemployment, the work became the central theme of scientific debates. This study aimed to analyze the experiences of literary writers concerning to their work as well their strategies to face suffering and turn it into pleasure. We started with Work Psychodinamic Clinic, concerning to the relationship between professional identity and art, work context organizing and worker subjective mobilization. In order to achieve these goals, this study aimed to identify the pleasure and suffering experiences as well to verify whether the writers use the sublimation mechanisms proposed by Freud (1914) as coping strategies for overcoming and transforming psychological distress. We aimed to identify the experiences of literary writers affiliated with Brazilian Writers Union, in Goiás. We made two studies: the first one was a documental search based on two sources interviews with the writers cited by the Reports on Brazilian Literature of Moreira Salles Institute and the Eder Chiodetto book named O lugar do escritor (The Writer Place). The second study was a descriptive and exploratory qualitative search with semistructured interviews on Christophe Dejours psychodinamic categories which were transcript and submitted to Silva Lane s discourse analysis. There was also a devolutive in which we seek an initial approximation to work clinic. We interviewed nine literary writers of both sexes, aged between 40 and 87 years, all of them affiliated with Brazilian Writers Union for more than two years, all with superior instruction and all with more than ten published and awarded works. The results show that literary writers work meaning is very singular compared to other activities in tradition economy. The constant search for new requirements and qualifications in order to entry an undetermined and informal market reveals a subject in constant feeling of lack, who reproduces the profession traditional ideology. The writers discourse reminds us to meet a social place in the singular and the collective, pointing the discursive nodes that make the subject responsible for the mismatch among the dialectic relation between objectivity and subjectivity mediated by the word. Literary writers update their actions using defensive strategies increasingly transient and dynamic in social context. Considering the found presuppositions, it was possible to understand that the literary writers discourse is inseparable in the relationship between subject and work, in which the possibility of turning suffering into pleasure is a constant challenge and they only can produce because they have a sublimatory meaning in that they do and why they do it. / O mundo do trabalho atual apresenta-se pela pluralidade e complexidade e pela busca constante da emancipação do sujeito e redução dos riscos à saúde do trabalhador. O trabalho está no próprio sentido existencial do ser social. A partir das transformações tecnológicas e produtivas e do fenômeno do desemprego, o trabalho passou a ser tema central nos debates científicos. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar as vivências dos escritores literários em relação ao seu trabalho e às suas estratégias para enfrentar o sofrimento e transformá-lo em prazer, partindo da Clínica Psicodinâmica do Trabalho no que diz respeito à relação entre identidade profissional e arte, organização do contexto do trabalho e mobilização subjetiva do trabalhador. Visando a alcançar esse objetivo, o trabalho buscou esclarecer e identificar as vivências de prazer e de sofrimento além de verificar se os escritores utilizam, como estratégias de enfrentamento, os mecanismos da sublimação apontados por Freud (1914) para superar e transformar o sofrimento psíquico. Pretendeu-se identificar as vivências dos escritores literários filiados à UBE-GO em relação ao seu trabalho. Realizaram-se dois estudos: o estudo 1 foi uma pesquisa documental a partir de entrevistas com os escritores citados nos Cadernos de Literatura Brasileira do Instituto Moreira Salles e do livro O lugar do escritor de Eder Chiodetto. No estudo 2, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter descritivo-exploratório com entrevistas semiestruturadas voltadas para a temática das categorias da Psicodinâmica de Christophe Dejours, transcritas e submetidas à análise do discurso, de Silvia Lane e houve uma devolutiva, em que se buscou uma aproximação inicial com a Clínica do Trabalho. Foram entrevistados nove escritores literários, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 40 e 87 anos, todos filiados à UBE-GO com mais de dois anos de filiação, todos com instrução superior e todos com mais de dez obras publicadas e premiadas. Como resultados, destacam-se: o sentido do trabalho dos escritores literários tem uma singularidade em relação às demais atividades da economia tradicional. A busca constante de procurar se adequar aos novos requisitos e qualificações para se inserir em um mercado indeterminado e informal revela um sujeito em constante sentimento de falta, reproduzindo a ideologia tradicional da profissão. O discurso dos escritores nos remete a conhecer um lugar social do singular e do coletivo, sinalizando as amarras discursivas que responsabilizam o sujeito pelo desencontro da relação dialética entre objetividade e subjetividade a mediação da palavra. Os escritores literários têm suas ações presentificadas, utilizando estratégias defensivas cada vez mais transitórias e dinâmicas no contexto social. Frente aos pressupostos levantados, foi possível a compreensão de que o discurso dos escritores literários é inseparável na relação entre o sujeito e o trabalho, em que a possibilidade de transformar sofrimento em prazer é um desafio constante e só conseguem produzir porque têm um sentido sublimatório no que fazem e por que o fazem.