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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Showing 1 to 2 of 2 (0.033 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"wendell holmes"" "subject:"wendell kolmes""
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La Libertad de expresión en el pensamiento liberal: John Stuart Mill y Oliver Wendell HolmesBisbal Torres, Marta 13 July 2005 (has links)
La llibertat d'expressió té els seus origens en el liberalisme de Gran Bretanya iels Estats Units. Les primeres reivindicacions a favor d'un intercanvi lliure d'ideesvan començar al segle XVII, amb el discurs Areopagitica de John Milton, quedemanava al Parlament anglès l'abolició de la censura a la imprempta. El 1971la llibertat d'expressió es va incorporar a la Constitució dels Estats Units; la sevaPrimera Esmena declarava: "el Congrés no farà cap llei... per la que es limiti lallibertat de paraula, o la de premsa". Aquest treball es centra en les aportacions ala llibertat d'expressió realitzades per John Stuart Mill, utilitarista anglès, i OliverWendell Holmes, realista americà, les quals es van introduir entre la segonameitat del segle XIX i la primera meitat del segle XX. Les obres d'ambdós autorss'estudien tenint en compte el moviment filosòfic al qual pertanyen. En primerlloc, la teoria sobre llibertat de pensament i discussió de John Stuart Mill esrelaciona amb la seva filosofia moral i política. En segon lloc, s'analitzen lesopinions judicials d'Oliver Wendell Holmes en les que formula el test del "perillclar i actual" i la teoria del "mercat obert de les idees". Aquesta aproximaciópermet mostrar que ambdós autors van liberalitzar el concepte de llibertatd'expressió imperant a la seva època, i van considerar que els seus fonamentsprincipals eren la recerca de la veritat i l'autorrealització individual. / La libertad de expresión tiene sus orígenes en el liberalismo de Gran Bretaña ylos Estados Unidos. Las primeras reivindicaciones a favor de un intercambio librede ideas empezaron en el siglo XVII, con el discurso Areopagitica de JohnMilton, que pedía al Parlamento inglés la abolición de la censura en la imprenta.En 1791 la libertad de expresión se incorporó a la Constitución de los EstadosUnidos, cuya Primera Enmienda declaraba: "el Congreso no hará ley alguna...por la que se limite la libertad de palabra, o la de prensa". Este trabajo se centraen las aportaciones a la libertad de expresión realizadas por John Stuart Mill,utilitarista inglés, y Oliver Wendell Holmes, realista americano, las cuales seintrodujeron entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX.Las obras de ambos autores se estudian teniendo en cuenta el movimientofilosófico al cual pertenecen. En primer lugar, la teoría sobre libertad depensamiento y discusión de John Stuart Mill se relaciona con su filosofía moral ypolítica. En segundo lugar, se analizan las opiniones judiciales de Oliver WendellHolmes en las que se formula el test del "peligro claro y actual" y la teoría del"mercado abierto de las ideas". Esta aproximación permite mostrar que ambosautores liberalizaron el concepto de libertad de expresión imperante en suépoca, y consideraron que sus fundamentos principales eran la búsqueda de laverdad y la autorrealización individual. / Freedom of speech has its origins in liberalism from Great Britain and the UnitedStates. The first claims for a free exchange of ideas started in the 17th century,with John Milton's Areopagitica, in which the abolishing of printing censorship bythe English Parliament was demanded. In 1791, freedom of speech was includedin the Constitution of the United States, whose First Amendment declared:"Congress shall make no law. abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press".This study focuses on the specific contributions to freedom of speech made bythe English utilitarian John Stuart Mill and the American realist Oliver WendellHolmes, which were introduced throughout the second half of 19th century andthe first half of 20th century. The works of both authors are discussed bearing inmind the philosophical movement to which they belong. Firstly, John Stuart Mill'stheory of thought and speech is related to his moral and political philosophy.Secondly, Oliver Wendell Holmes' judicial opinions on both "clear and presentdanger" test and the "free marketplace of ideas" are analysed. This approachmakes it possible to show both authors liberalize the concept of freedom ofspeech and consider that its foundations are, basically, the discovery of truthalong with individual self-development.
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A Pragmatic Standard of Legal ValidityTyler, John 2012 May 1900 (has links)
American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law.
These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism.
In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method.
This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior.
The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent.
The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will.
Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil.
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