Objetivos: o apoio social no trabalho (AST) de professores está associado à prevenção de agravos à saúde e à melhoria do ambiente psicossocial de trabalho, sendo a compreensão de sua estrutura, relevante. Procurou-se descrever a estrutura de AST de professores considerando o sentido suportivo atribuído aos seus conteúdos nas relações sociais de trabalho. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo com contribuição da pesquisa qualitativa em uma escola pública de educação básica da cidade de São Paulo. Foram aplicadas a observação participante e entrevista individual em profundidade como técnicas instrumentais. Fez-se análise de conteúdo e os resultados foram discutidos com base em aproximações teóricas com a representação social, os fatores psicossociais e a organização do trabalho docente (FPS/OT). Resultados e discussões: foram descritos e especificados os tipos (emocional, instrumental, informativo e de apreciação) e fontes (professores, diretoria, pais/responsáveis e alunos) de AST, que se relacionou com práticas cotidianas para a amenização das exigências de OT e da precarização de recursos educacionais. Sugeriu-se o desenvolvimento de grupos de discussão no trabalho. / Objectives: social support at teachers’ work (SSW) is associated with illness prevention and improvement of psychosocial working conditions. Hence, identyfing teachers’ SSW specific structure is important. The objective of this study was to describe teachers’ SSW specific structure in terms of its content. Methods: contributions from qualitative case study were used to assess teachers social relations within Sao Paulo’s public elementary school. It was applied participant observations and individual unstructured interviews as instrumental techniques. Data were formulated with content analysis and discussed form a theoretical approach with Social Representation Theory, Psychosocial Factors at Work and Work Organization (PSF/WO). Results and discussion: teachers’ SSW structure was based on sources (principal, coworkers, student’s fathers and student themselves) and types (emotional, instrumental, informational and appraisal). SSW was associated with workers’ formulation of daily educational practices and WO, improving precarious working conditions. It was suggested the development of discussion groups at work.

Ce travail de recherche doctoral a pour objet d’étudier les dimensions constitutives du construit de bien-être au travail (BET) du point de vue des salariés et de proposer une échelle de mesure dudit concept propre au contexte français. A ce dessein, une analyse de la littérature relative au concept de bien-être en général et à celui de bien-être au travail est réalisée. Elle a permis en outre d’identifier les variables considérées par la littérature RH comme des antécédents et des conséquences du BET, ceci, aussi bien du point de vue des entreprises que des employés. Ce travail théorique a consisté également au recensement et à l’analyse des outils de mesure en vigueur du bien-être en général et du BET proposés par les chercheurs et par les professionnels du conseil RH. Un travail qui permet de ressortir deux principales échelles de mesure du BET en vigueur, celles de Dagenais-Desmarais (2010) et Bietry et Creusier (2013). Ce travail théorique s’est suivi par un travail empirique qui a consisté en deux principales études de terrain respectivement qualitatives et quantitatives. L’étude qualitative, qui s’inscrit dans une démarche exploratoire, a consisté en 29 entretiens individuels et 5 focus group réalisés auprès d’une même entreprise de service. Cette étude a permis d’identifier les représentations du bien-être au travail chez les salariés et qui se résument en six principales dimensions : (1) la clarté du rôle, (2) l’environnement de travail, (3) l’ambiance de travail, (4) la reconnaissance au travail, (5) la bienveillance de l’entreprise et (6) l’épanouissement au travail. La validité de contenu de la structure qui le sous-tend a, par la suite, été étudiée au moyen de la méthode de tri de cartes – plus communément connue sous le nom de card-sorting. Cette démarche exploratoire, qui a permis de proposer un modèle conceptuel qui met en exergue les six dimensions du BET présentées ci-dessus, a été suivie par une étude quantitative. Celle-ci a consisté en la proposition et le test d’une échelle de mesure métrique du BET. Les analyses, exploratoire et confirmatoire, de la structure factorielle de ladite échelle permettent de confirmer la structure à six dimensions du BET. De même, les tests de fiabilité, de validité convergente, discriminante et nomologique menées au moyen de la méthode des équations structurelles attestent des propriétés psychométriques de l’échelle de BET. Les résultats de cette échelle de mesure sont par la suite discutés, ceci, au vu des dires de la littérature sur les dimensions mobilisées et des recommandations managériales qu’elle implique. De même, les limites de cette échelle de mesure ainsi que des pistes de perfectionnement (voies de recherche) sont présentées et discutées. / This research proposes to study the dimensions that compose the wellbeing at work from the worker perspective. It aims also to propose a measure scale of wellbeing at work specific to the French context. For this purpose, an analysis of the literature related to the concepts of wellbeing in general and wellbeing at work specifically is carried out. It allowed to identify the variables considered by researchers as antecedents or consequences of wellbeing at work. Also, an analysis of the measures of wellbeing at work proposed by academics and professionals in HR consulting is realized. It put forwards two main established measure scales of wellbeing at work, those of Dagenais-Desmarais (2010) and Bietry & Creusier (2013). This theoretical work is followed by an empirical study that consisted in a qualitative and a quantitative researches. The qualitative study, which is part of an exploratory approach, consisted of 29 individual interviews and 5 focus groups conducted within the same service company. This study brings out the representations of well-being at work among employees that are summarized in six main dimensions : (1) the role clarity, (2) the working environment, (3) the working atmosphere, (4) the recognition at work, (5) the corporate benevolence and (6) the professional fulfilment. The validity of content of the resulting conceptualizations of wellbeing at work is tested using the method of card-sorting. This exploratory approach, which allowed to propose a conceptual model that highlights the six dimensions of BET presented above, is followed by a quantitative study. This study consisted in the proposal and the testing of a measure scale of wellbeing at work. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the structure of the measure scale is done. Their results confirm the reliability of the considered six-dimensions of wellbeing at work. Also, the analysis of the reliability and the different aspects of validity - convergent, discriminant and nomological - of the scale using the method of structural equations modeling asserts the satisfying psychometric properties of the proposed scale of wellbeing at work. The results of the test of the scale are then discussed in regard to the literature background related to the considered dimensions. Their managerial implications are also presented, their limits as well as the opportunities of improvement presented and discussed.

Introdução – A capacidade para o trabalho é influenciada por vários fatores, incluindo a condição de saúde, características sócio-demográficas, estilo de vida e fatores relacionados ao trabalho. Objetivo – Analisar os fatores associados à capacidade para o trabalho em uma população de eletricitários. Métodos – Estudo transversal onde foram analisados 475 trabalhadores, voluntários, de uma empresa privada no setor eletricitário do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários auto-preenchidos (Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho - ICT, Escala Estresse no Trabalho - EET, Medical Outcomes Study 36 – Item short form health survey – SF-36, Questionário de Baecke, Questionário de tolerância de Fagerström e Questionário AUDIT). A relação entre as variáveis foi analisada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, e para comparação das médias foram utilizados os testes Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. A análise conjunta das variáveis foi feita por meio de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados – Foi identificada uma diminuição progressiva do valor do ICT significativamente associada aos aumentos da idade (r=-0,16, p<0,001), do índice de massa corporal (r=-0,17, p<0,001), do consumo de álcool (r=-0,11, p=0,019), do tempo na empresa (r=-0,17, p<0,001) e da intensidade do estresse no trabalho (r=-0,37, p<0,001). O valor do ICT apresentou elevação associada ao incremento da prática de atividade física (r=0,19, p<0,001). A média do valor do ICT esteve associada à unidade de trabalho (p=0,043). O ICT esteve associado significativamente com as diversas dimensões do estado de saúde físico e mental (p<0,001 em todas as dimensões). A análise múltipla, ajustada por sexo e tempo na empresa, evidenciou que os fatores que melhor explicaram a variação do ICT foram o estresse no trabalho e as dimensões da saúde física. Uma segunda análise, excluídas as dimensões da saúde, mostrou que o estresse no trabalho, a unidade de trabalho e características do estilo de vida foram os fatores que melhor explicaram a variação do ICT. Conclusões – A pesquisa evidenciou que o estresse decorrente de fatores psicossociais do trabalho, a elevação do índice de massa corporal, o consumo de bebida alcoólica e o local de trabalho podem contribuir para a diminuição da capacidade para o trabalho, e que uma boa qualidade do estado da saúde física e a prática de atividade física podem contribuir para a manutenção da capacidade para o trabalho dos eletricitários. / Introduction – The work ability receives influence of several factors, including the health state, social and demographic characteristics, the lifestyle, and factors related to work. Aim – To analyze the factors associated with work ability in a population of electric sector workers. Methods – This is a cross-sectional study. There have been analyzed 475 volunteers workers of a private company of the electric sector of São Paulo, Brazil. They answered the questionnaires: Work Ability Index - WAI, Work Stress Scale – WSS, Medical Outcomes Study 36 – Item short form health survey – SF-36, Baecke Questionnaire, Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire and AUDIT test. These questionnaires got information regarding work ability, stress related to psychosocial factors at work, health state, smoking, alcohol intake and practice of physical activities. The statistical analyses were done using Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple linear regression models. Results – There was a significant progressive decrease of the WAI value associated to the increase of the age (r=-0,16, p<0,001), body mass index (r=-0,17, p<0,001), alcohol intake (r=-0,11, p=0,019), time at company (r=-0,17, p<0,001) and intensity of work stress (r=-0,37, p<0,001). The WAI value presented elevation associated to the increment of the practice of physical activities (r=0,19, p<0,001). The mean of WAI was associated to workplace (p=0,043). The WAI had significant association with the several dimensions of the physical and mental health state (p<0,001 in all dimensions). The multiple analyses, adjusted for sex and time at company, showed that the factors that better explained the variability of WAI were work stress and the physical health dimensions. Another analysis, excluded the health dimensions, showed that work stress, local of work and lifestyle characteristics were those that better explained the variability of WAI. Conclusions – The stress related to psychosocial factors of the work, the body mass increase, the alcohol intake and the workplace can contribute to the decrease of work ability, and a good physical health state and the practice of physical activity can contribute to the maintenance of the work ability of the electric sector workers.

The purpose of this study is to examine how white-collar workers are affected by working borderless, that is, work that is flexible in relation to time, space, and organizational borders. The research questions address the workers experience of the boundless work, how it affects their relationship between working life and private life, and how it affects their organizational and social work environment. The study is qualitative. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with eight individuals working in white collar work with the possibility to work in other spatial forms than at their specific workplace. The theoretical framework chosen as a tool for analyzing the results is; Sennetts (2000) theory about flexibility, Karasek and Theorells (1990) Demand-Control-Support-model and parts of Goffmans (2014[1959]) dramaturgical perspective. The results show that the borderless work has both pros and cons for the employee, the benefits being that it can contribute to a better balance between working life and private life for the employee. The disadvantages mainly concern the prolongation of working hours and the fact that, with the new information and communication technology development, it may be difficult for the employee to distance himself from work. The results also show that within the borderless work there may be lack of clear requirements as well as control of the employee. When combined with a borderless working time, that can lead to a pressured situation for the employee. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur individer inom tjänstemannasektorn påverkas av att arbeta gränslöst, det vill säga arbete som är flexibelt i förhållande till tidsmässiga, rumsliga och organisatoriska gränser. Frågeställningarna behandlar individernas upplevelse av det gränslösa arbetet, hur det påverkar deras relation mellan arbetsliv och privatliv samt hur det påverkar deras organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljö. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med åtta individer som arbetar inom tjänstemannasektor och har möjlighet att arbeta i andra rumsliga former än på sin specifika arbetsplats. Det teoretiska ramverk som valts ut som verktyg för att analysera resultatet är; Sennetts (2000) teori om flexibilitet, Karasek och Theorells (1990) krav/kontroll/stöd-modell samt delar av Goffmans (2014[1959]) dramaturgiska analysmodell. Resultaten visar att det gränslösa arbetet har både för- och nackdelar för arbetstagaren. En fördel är att det kan bidra till en bättre balans mellan arbetsliv och privatliv för arbetstagaren. Nackdelarna rör främst att arbetstiden ofta förlängs samt att det i och med den nya informations- och kommunikationsteknologiska utvecklingen kan vara svårt för arbetstagaren att distansera sig från arbetet. Resultaten visar även att det inom det gränslösa arbetet kan råda brist på tydliga krav samt kontroll på arbetstagaren, när detta kombineras med en gränslös arbetstid kan det leda till en pressad situation för arbetstagaren.

Tillgänglighet är ett stort problem inom svensk sjukvård. Produktionsplanering skulle kunna bidra till att korta ned ledtider och på så sätt öka tillgängligheten, men det saknas kunskap om hur detta påverkar arbetsmiljön för personalen. Ett förbättringsarbete genomfördes på en psykiatrisk öppenvårdsmottagning med syfte att med hjälp av produktionsplanering korta ledtiden mellan två steg i den diagnostiska processen. Förändringen innebar att patienterna fick möjlighet att boka tid till nästa besök direkt i samband med det första besöket. Arbetet utgick från Nolans förbättringsmodell. En studie av förbättringsarbetet, med induktiv ansats, genomfördes med syftet att undersöka hur denna förändring påverkade arbetsmiljön. Intervjuer genomfördes med berörda medarbetare och analyserades med innehållsanalys. Förbättringsarbetet resulterade i att ledtiden mer än halverades, med befintliga resurser. Medarbetarnas delaktighet bedömdes ha haft betydelse för det lyckade resultatet. Studien visade att arbetsmiljön ej påverkades negativt, utan tvärtom att arbetstillfredsställelsen ökade. Viktiga förklaringar till detta var att medarbetarna upplevde det som tillfredsställande att kunna erbjuda patienterna en snar tid för nästa besök, att förändringen ledde till minskad administration och att medarbetarna fortfarande hade kontroll över sina tidböcker. Slutsatsen är att det är möjligt att öka produktionen med hjälp av produktionsplanering utan att det får negativa effekter för arbetsmiljön. / Accessibility is a major problem in Swedish healthcare. Production planning could help to shorten waiting times and improve accessibility, but there is insufficient knowledge of how this affects the working environment. An improvement project was initiated with the purpose to shorten the lead time between two steps in the diagnostic process at a psychiatric outpatient clinic, with the help of production planning. The change meant that patients were offered to book a time for the next visit during the first visit. A study of the project was initiated to investigate how the change affected the working environment. Interviews were conducted and analysed with content analysis. The improvement project led to lead times being more than halved. Employee participation was important for reaching this result. The study showed that the working environment was not adversely affected, on the contrary job satisfaction increased. Explanations for this was the satisfaction of being able to offer patients to book a new visit directly, less time spent on administrative tasks and staff retaining significant control over their schedule. The conclusion is that it is possible to increase production by means of production planning without this having negative effects on the working environment.

This report is the final thesis and the conclusion of the final project that was done during the spring semester of 2009, in the city of Santo Domingo, The Dominican Republic, West Indies by Caroline Knutsson and Kristina Myrberg. The project is based on the field studies that are done in the investigation together with the information from interviews from the construction sites and the collected information from the research. The focus is concentrated in an investigation about the construction techniques that are used, the building materials and the working conditions on the construction site. A study has been done of a Swedish model of urban planning with environmental objects (SAMS), made by the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket), and successively applied in a project in South Africa. With the purpose of investigate if it is possible to apply the same model in the Dominican Republic, a review of the current environmental- and urban planning in the country has been done.  Through the studies we think that an introduction of planning with environmental objectives and a development towards a sustainable and ecological society is possible in the Dominican Republic. After field studies on the construction sites, it was relevant to discuss the working conditions and the safety for the constructers. The thesis also deal with the waste problem, since it is a problem that is not taken care of neither in the building sector or in the society. The suggestion is to recycle and reuse more of the waste, especially all the concrete that is used in the buildings. Sweden have come a long way ahead in the questions of sustainable housing and ecological building, to spare and reduce the effect the building sector has on the environment. This is questions of more importance than ever today, when we are seeing the effects of the climate change in the world. An investigation is done of the possibility to apply any of the methods that are used in Sweden today to make the housing more sustainable and environmentally friendly, also in The Dominican Republic. The result is some suggestions of methods and technologies that might be applicable in the Dominican Republic.

<p>This report is the final thesis and the conclusion of the final project that was done during the spring semester of 2009, in the city of Santo Domingo, The Dominican Republic, West Indies by Caroline Knutsson and Kristina Myrberg.</p><p>The project is based on the field studies that are done in the investigation together with the information from interviews from the construction sites and the collected information from the research. The focus is concentrated in an investigation about the construction techniques that are used, the building materials and the working conditions on the construction site. A study has been done of a Swedish model of urban planning with environmental objects (SAMS), made by the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket), and successively applied in a project in South Africa. With the purpose of investigate if it is possible to apply the same model in the Dominican Republic, a review of the current environmental- and urban planning in the country has been done.  Through the studies we think that an introduction of planning with environmental objectives and a development towards a sustainable and ecological society is possible in the Dominican Republic.</p><p>After field studies on the construction sites, it was relevant to discuss the working conditions and the safety for the constructers.</p><p>The thesis also deal with the waste problem, since it is a problem that is not taken care of neither in the building sector or in the society. The suggestion is to recycle and reuse more of the waste, especially all the concrete that is used in the buildings. Sweden have come a long way ahead in the questions of sustainable housing and ecological building, to spare and reduce the effect the building sector has on the environment. This is questions of more importance than ever today, when we are seeing the effects of the climate change in the world. An investigation is done of the possibility to apply any of the methods that are used in Sweden today to make the housing more sustainable and environmentally friendly, also in The Dominican Republic. The result is some suggestions of methods and technologies that might be applicable in the Dominican Republic.</p>

Paramedics are exposed to high levels of stress and trauma in their working environment. Research has its focus on the coping mechanisms and trauma incidents escalating into Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. This study examines the paramedics’ working environment in relation to the help available, and suggests a pastoral counselling method which may be utilized as an effective method of assisting in the coping process and prevention of PTSD. Emergency Medical Services as a helping profession is mainly concerned with the welfare of their patients. This study has its focus on helping the helper, with the main focus on assisting the paramedic to cope with his working environment. Implications of the research include kerugmatik counselling and narrative therapy, incorporated in a pastoral counselling method to assist the paramedic with the healing process. The main findings were that stress and coping of the paramedic in his working environment was a reality which was often overlooked, as these paramedics had their focus on caring for their patients. In most cases there is help available, but the paramedic is hesitant to seek it out. Paramedics are mostly self-reliant in their coping mechanisms as their understanding and relationship with God and with the church had been damaged. The researcher followed the four tasks of practical theology as theoretical framework, as explained by Osmer: Descriptive-empirical Task – Priestly listening Interpretive Task – Sagely wisdom Normative Task – Prophetic discernment Pragmatic Task – Servant Leadership / Thesis (MA (Pastoral Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Paramedics are exposed to high levels of stress and trauma in their working environment. Research has its focus on the coping mechanisms and trauma incidents escalating into Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. This study examines the paramedics’ working environment in relation to the help available, and suggests a pastoral counselling method which may be utilized as an effective method of assisting in the coping process and prevention of PTSD. Emergency Medical Services as a helping profession is mainly concerned with the welfare of their patients. This study has its focus on helping the helper, with the main focus on assisting the paramedic to cope with his working environment. Implications of the research include kerugmatik counselling and narrative therapy, incorporated in a pastoral counselling method to assist the paramedic with the healing process. The main findings were that stress and coping of the paramedic in his working environment was a reality which was often overlooked, as these paramedics had their focus on caring for their patients. In most cases there is help available, but the paramedic is hesitant to seek it out. Paramedics are mostly self-reliant in their coping mechanisms as their understanding and relationship with God and with the church had been damaged. The researcher followed the four tasks of practical theology as theoretical framework, as explained by Osmer: Descriptive-empirical Task – Priestly listening Interpretive Task – Sagely wisdom Normative Task – Prophetic discernment Pragmatic Task – Servant Leadership / Thesis (MA (Pastoral Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Formål: Formålet med denne undersøgelse er at få viden om, og belyse fænomenet seksuel orienterings diskrimination (SOD), og få indsigt i hvordan homoseksuelle mænd, på en mandsdomineret arbejdsplads som det danske Forsvar, oplever SOD og hvilken betydning det har for dem. Desuden er hensigten at få viden om og indsigt i hvordan problematikker vedrørende SOD på en mandsdomineret arbejdsplads, som Forsvaret i Danmark kan imødegås og håndteres. Metode: Transskriberede semi-strukturede dybde interviews er anvendt som undersøgelsesredskab. Teoretisk udvælgelse, kodning, komparation og konceptualisering som beskrevet i ”Grounded Theory” er anvendt som analyseinstrument. Resultater: Ud fra analysen af data voksede en kernekategori og fire hovedkategorier frem, som tilsammen udgør kerneprocessen. Minoritetsstyrkeblev studiets kernekategori, som har sit udspring fra de fire hovedkategorier: Stressorer, Identifikation, Mestring og Miljø. Ud fra resultaterne voksede en Minoritesstyrkemodelfrem. Konklussion: Homoseksuelle mænd håndterer et komplekst udvalg af mestringsstrategier, som anvendes i forskellige situationer hvor diskriminering på baggrund af seksuel orientering finder sted. På trods af de negative minoritetsstressorer, som homoseksuelle mænd i den danske Forsvar erfarer, så udviser informanterne en unik Oplevelse af sammenhæng; Meningsfuldhed; Begribelighedog Håndterbarhed, hvilket leder til Minoritetsstyrke. For at forskningen skal være til gavn for hele befolkningen, så gøres i denne undersøgelse opmærksom på nødvendigheden af at inkludere spørgsmål om seksuel orientering i folkesundhedsvidenskabelig forskning. En inkluderende personale politik, undervisning vedrørende HBT personers vilkår og rekrutteringskampagner specielt rettet mod homoseksuelle, medføre større kompetence blandt alle på arbejdspladsen. Studiet har vist at arbejdet, med at forebygge diskriminering på baggrund af seksuel orientering, kræver en multistrategisk indsats på tværfagligt, intersektorielt niveau og et salutogent perspektiv uden at placere alt ansvar på det enkelte individ / Aim: This study aimed to improve knowledge about and illuminate the phenomenon of sexual orientation discrimination (SOD), particularly as perceived by homosexual men in a male-dominated workplace such as the Danish Armed Forces. We also sought to increase understanding of how such discrimination affects those individuals. Moreover, wesought to increase knowledge about and highlight the challenges and problems regarding SOD in the context of coping strategies. Method: We used transcribed semi-structured in-depth interviews as our survey tool. To analyze our results, we used open, axial, and selective coding, as described in grounded theory. Results: Data analysis allowed us to identify minority power (MP) as a core variable. Further, MP is sourced in the four main categories: stressors, coping, environment, and identity, which are elements of the core process. The MP model that emerged from our results illustrates the core process. Conclusion: The study shows that homosexual men use a complex range of coping strategies in different situations where SOD occurs. Despite the negative minority stressors experienced by homosexual men in the Danish Armed Forces, the subjects showed a unique sense of coherence—meaningfulness, comprehension, and manageability—that leads to MP. To benefit the entire population, this study emphasized the need to include questions about sexual orientation in public health research. The study shows that training about the special social conditions for the LGBT population, a diversity policy, and recruitment campaigns aimed at homosexuals result in greater competence among all individuals in the workplace. Preventing discrimination based on sexual orientation requires a salutogen perspective and multifactorial strategy on an intersectorial and interdisciplinary level without placing all responsibility on the individual / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-72-6</p>