This thesis seeks to systematically examine the contributions made by the dispute settlement bodies established under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to the development of the law of the sea. The two main research questions to be answered are: (i) what kind of contribution have UNCLOS dispute settlement bodies made to the development of the law of the sea? and (ii) what are the factors that impact the performance of UNCLOS dispute settlement bodies in developing the law of the sea? To that end, Chapter 1 provides a working definition for the concept of 'judicial development of international law' in order to establish a framework for an assessment of the contributions of UNCLOS tribunals. Based on this working definition, Chapters 2, 3 and 4 examine the significance of UNCLOS tribunals' decisions in the development of three main areas of the law of the sea, respectively the law on fisheries, the law on the outer continental shelf and the law on marine environmental protection. Based on the findings of these chapters, Chapter 5 analyses the factors that help explain the contributions of UNCLOS tribunals to the law of the sea as identified in the preceding chapters. These factors include: (i) the jurisdictional scope of UNCLOS tribunals, (ii) the institutional design of UNCLOS, (iii) the interpretative method employed by UNCLOS tribunals in deciding their cases and (iv) the perception that UNCLOS tribunals hold regarding their roles. Chapter 6 concludes by taking stock of the contribution of UNCLOS tribunal in these areas and offering some final observations on the role of UNCLOS tribunals in the development of the law of the sea.

La tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo la edición, traducción y estudio de la obra de viajes autobiográfica Nişāb al-ajbār wa-taḏkirat al-ajyār del converso al islam Abd Allāh Ibn al-Şabbāḥ, peregrino asceta que recorrió el mundo árabe musulmán en el s.XV, en base al manuscrito unicum en árabe depositado en la Bibliotèque Nationale de Túnez. En primer lugar se hace una edición diplomática del unicum, con abundantes apreciaciones y correcciones en notas a pie de página de la riḥla (relato de viajes). En segundo lugar, se aporta una traducción al español y, por último, se incluye un estudio en el que se pone de manifiesto el origen setabense del autor, se fija una cronología para el autor y obra, se estudian las peculiaridades lingüísticas del unicum así como las fases en la composición de la obra y se estudian las ilustraciones de la Meca, Medina, Hebrón y Jerusalén que están reflejadas en el manuscrito

La tesi tracta sobre els orígens del procés d’industrialització a la ciutat tèxtil d'Alcoi i els districtes adjacents entre 1430 i 1821, prestant atenció a l'evolució de la població, l'agricultura, la renda feudal, i, finalment, l'activitat de fabricació centrada en la producció de draps de llana. L'estudi, a més de la reconstrucció de diverses sèries demogràfiques, de producció i preus agraris, d'evolució de les rendes feudals i de producció de draps entre 1569 i 1827, analitza el paper dels gremis en l'evolució de la fabricació de draps des de l'Edat Mitjana fins al començament de la mecanització. El cas d'Alcoi és particularment important per tres raons: (1) va ser el principal centre de producció de teixits de llana a Espanya, probablement entre c. 1750-1830; (2) va donar lloc a un procés únic de la industrialització que proporciona moltes llums en el coneixement dels mecanismes que faciliten i/ o dificulten la industrialització espanyola; i (3) algunes de les seves característiques (con ara la participació activa dels gremis en el procés de mecanització) fan d'ell en un cas excepcional fins i tot a nivell internacional.

L’objet de ce travail de recherche est de s’interroger sur la dialectique entre la professionnalisation et la mondialisation du rugby à XV et l’évolution des ancrages territoriaux qui en découle, en fonction du modèle sportif qui est propre à chaque terrain d’investigation sélectionné : la Bretagne, le Munster et la Géorgie. L’enjeu est de démontrer dans quelle mesure la professionnalisation des organisations et des acteurs sportifs est le moteur à la fois de la globalisation rugbystique et de nouvelles logiques oligopolistiques de différentiation territoriale du rugby, aux différentes échelles spatiales. S’étant diffusée au sein des championnats domestiques amateurs, cette professionnalisation provoque des dynamiques au profit des territoires sportifs les plus compétitifs et les mieux intégrés au reste du monde rugbystique globalisé, tout en étant le vecteur d’identités territoriales spécifiques. Le choix des trois terrains d’enquête résulte de la pertinence de s’interroger sur l’articulation entre les modèles sportifs et les ancrages territoriaux pour appréhender chaque modèle de production d’espace rugbystique, et sur les formes spécifiques d’ancrage territorial de la pratique du rugby, en considérant celui-ci comme un médiateur territorial. Pour chaque terrain d’enquête, tout en procédant par itération, la mise en oeuvre de la méthode de la triangulation permet d’approfondir et de mettre à l’épreuve les concepts mobilisés. Trois grandes approches de l’analyse socio-spatiale du sport sont privilégiées : l’approche structurelle, l’approche systémique, et celle qui donne de l’importance au rôle des acteurs. / The aim of this research work is to wonder about the dialectic between the professionalization and the globalization of the rugby union, and the evolution of the resulting territorial anchorages, depending on the specific sporting model of the investigation lands that have been selected: Brittany, Munster and Georgia. The issue is to demonstrate to what extent the professionalization of the organizations and the sporting actors is at the same time the driving force of the rugby globalization and of new rugby territorial differentiations’ oligopolistic logics, on various levels in geographic terms. Being diffused into the domestic amateur championships, this professionalization stimulates dynamics in favor of the much competitive sporting territories and the best integrated to the rest of the globalized world, while being the vector of specific territorial identities. The selection of the three investigation lands stems from the relevantness of the interrogation on the link between the sporting models and the territorial anchorages to comprehend each model of rugby territorial production and the specific forms of the territorial anchorage of the rugby practice, considering this sport as a territorial mediator. For each investigation land, while proceeding by iteration, the triangulation method implemented allows to go deeper and to test the concepts that have been mobilized. Three major socio spatial analysis approaches have been focused: the structural approach, the systemic approach and the approach that highlights the actors’ role.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-26T20:22:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Cassiana Inês Geremias dos Santos.pdf: 1766797 bytes, checksum: baa45ef4534d09c56997b8446847fff6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-09-27T13:53:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Cassiana Inês Geremias dos Santos.pdf: 1766797 bytes, checksum: baa45ef4534d09c56997b8446847fff6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T13:53:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Cassiana Inês Geremias dos Santos.pdf: 1766797 bytes, checksum: baa45ef4534d09c56997b8446847fff6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-23 / Neste trabalho iremos nos voltar para os escritos do padre Luís Fróis, jesuíta que esteve presente no Japão durante o século XVI e escreveu sobre a missão da Companhia de Jesus neste território, entre os anos de 1549 a 1594, em sua maior obra, a Historia de Japam. Trata-se de um relato sobre a presença, os contatos, o cotidiano e a atuação dos padres missionários, assim como também descreve os principais acontecimentos culturais e políticos japoneses. Apesar de ser uma narrativa oficial, rica e extensa, a obra de Fróis foi marginalizada pelos próprios jesuítas e caiu no esquecimento. Nessa pesquisa, problematizaremos o contexto e os principais agentes implicados no destino da Historia de Japam. Nossas análises são pautadas pela hipótese de que o relato de Fróis, caracterizado como uma “narrativa aberta” das práticas de evangelização, tornou-se incompatível com os planos de reestruturação da missão oriental implantados pelo Visitador da Ordem, o padre Alexandre Valignano, na década de 1580. Tal contradição provocou a marginalização do texto composto por Fróis, fenômeno que deve ser entendido como um conflito político e institucional. Ao longo dos cinco volumes da Historia de Japam são relatados episódios em que os padres da Companhia de Jesus, célebres por seu rigor e obediência tridentinos, protagonizam uma expressiva flexibilização da teologia católica envolvendo práticas de bigamia, sodomia, pregações e rituais. O deslocamento das questões doutrinárias para um segundo plano expunha a política de acomodação cultural pretendida por Valignano a riscos inadmissíveis, sobretudo para os superiores europeus. Nossa principal metodologia será a seleção e análise discursiva de diversas passagens da Historia de Japam referentes aos anos de 1549 a 1568. Os trechos serão problematizados em suas implicações retóricas e doutrinárias e, estas por sua vez, confrontadas com o contexto do embate entre Fróis e Valignano. A metodologia será orientada pela utilização dos conceitos de memória, narrativa aberta e classificação simbólica buscados em Walter Benjamin e Pierre Bourdieu. / In this work, we will analyse the writings of Father Luis Fróis, a Jesuit who was present in Japan during the 16th century and wrote about the development of the mission of the Society of Jesus in that territory fromt the the year 1549 to 1594, in his greatest work, Historia of Japam. This is a historiographical narrative about the presence, contacts, and activities of the missionary priests, as well as describes the main cultural events and Japanese politics. Despite being an official, and a text with a rich narrative scope, the work of Father Fróis was marginalized by the Jesuits and fell down into oblivion. In this research, we articulate the context and the main actors involved in the fate of the Historia de Japam. Our analyzes are based on the hypothesis that texto elaboreted by Fahter Fróis was characterized as an “open narrative” about the practices of evangelism and, as such, became incompatible with the restructuring plans of the eastern mission deployed by the Visitor of the Order, Father Alexander Valignano, in the 1580s . Such a contradiction caused the marginalization of the text compounded by Luiz Fróis. Therefore, this fate must be seen as an institutional phenomenon created by a political conflict. Over the five volumes of the Historia de Japam are reported episodes in which the priests of the Society of Jesus, famous for its accuracy and Tridentine obedience, lead a regular negotiation of the Catholic theology, involving practices bigamy, sodomy, preaching and rituals. The displacement of the doctrinal issues to the background of the history of the eastern mission exposed the policy of cultural accommodation designed by the Valignano to unacceptable risks, especially in the view of the European superiors. Our main methodology is the selection and discursive analysis of several passages of the Historia de Japam about the years 1549-1568. Those passages will be problematized in their rhetoric and doctrinal implications, and than confronted with the context of the clash between Fróis and Valignano. The methodology will be guided by the use of the concepts of “memory”, “open narrative” and “symbolic classification” sought in Walter Benjamin and Pierre Bourdieu.

A presente tese se propõe a fazer uma leitura mais acurada do manuscrito - Da Fabrica que falece a cidade de Lisboa (1571), de autoria do arquiteto iluminador Francisco de Holanda, inédito até meados do século XIX, quando foi descoberto pelo conde Athanasius Raczynski (1788-1874), na Biblioteca de Jesus em Lisboa, resgatando o artista-teórico do anonimato para ser devidamente reconhecido pela historiografia da arte e da arquitetura, como figura central para a compreensão dos novos valores estéticos propostos em Portugal no século XVI. Esta pesquisa enfoca particularmente a relação entre arquitetura e cidade presente no manuscrito que reúne, nas -lembranças, uma série de imagens destinadas a conferir um perfil monumental a Lisboa, cidade capital do reino e modelo para as principais colônias portuguesas. Nosso novo olhar sobre Da Fabrica que falece procura verificar a hipótese de que o manuscrito deva ser interpretado como um memorial de arquitetura aplicado à cidade, onde o arquiteto elabora imagens retóricas para promover a Renovatio urbis de Lisboa. Como - Rainha de um vasto império português a capital deveria ser transformada à imagem da magnificência da Roma Antiga e imperial, um topos que já vinha sendo reiterado nas principais cortes italianas entre os séculos XV e XVI e que nas palavras de Holanda assume um tom muito particular. Os ensaios destacam a importância assumida por Holanda, enquanto arquiteto conselheiro régio, que interpreta as aspirações artísticas e políticas conflitantes da corte de D. João III (1521-1557) e D. Sebastião (1568-1578). E em função das experiências vivenciadas na Itália, sobretudo em Roma, Florença e Veneza, através de levantamentos, do estudo da Antiguidade, da arquitetura Imperial e do contato mantido com artistas italianos ele propõe a renovação da cidade capital decalcada no modelo antigo. Nossa pesquisa começa com apresentação do manuscrito original (1571) e, na seqüência, sua primeira edição por Luiz Joaquim dos Santos Marrocos (1814), feita a pedido do Príncipe Regente D. João VI, no Rio de Janeiro, com anotações e comentários. A seguir o trabalho recolhe elementos destacando Francisco de Holanda, homem da corte, das letras e da arte no século XVI; Francisco de Holanda e Da Fábrica que falece a cidade de Lisboa um programa para a Renovatio urbis. / This thesis proposes an accurate reading of the manuscript - Da Fabrica que falece à cidade de Lisboa (1571), authored by illuminator architect Francisco de Holanda, unpublished until the mid-nineteenth century, when it was discovered by count Athanasius Raczynski (1788-1874), in the Library of Jesus in Lisbon, redeeming the artist-theoretical from the anonymity to be properly by the historiography of the art and of the architecture, as central figure for e understanding of the new aesthetic values proposed in Portugal in the 16th century . This survey focuses particularly on the relationship between architecture and city in the manuscript that brings together, in the \"memories\", a series of images to give a monumental profile to Lisbon, the capital city of the Kingdom and template for the main Portuguese colonies. Our new vision on Da Fabrica checks the hypothesis that the manuscript should be interpreted as a memorial of architecture applied to the city, wherein the architect prepares rhetorical images to promote the Renovatio urbis of Lisbon. As - Queen of a vast Empire Portuguese capital should be transformed to the image of the magnificence of ancient Rome and imperial, a topus that had already been reiterated in the main Italian courts between the 15th and 16th centuries and which in the words of Holanda takes a tone very particular. The tests highlight the role played by Holanda, while architect-regal Councilor, which interprets the artistic and politic aspirations conflicting of court of D. João III and D.Sebastião. And in light of experiences experienced in Italy, especially in Rome, Florence and Venice, through surveys, the study of antiquity, Imperial architecture and the contact maintained with Italian artists he proposes the renewal of the capital city inspired on the old template. Our research begins with the presentation of the original manuscript (1571) and, in the sequence, its first edition by Luiz Joaquim dos Santos Marrocos (1814), done at the request of the Regent prince D. João VI, with annotations and comments. The following work collects elements highlighting Francisco de Holanda, courtly, letter and art man Francisco de Holanda and Da Fabrica que falece à cidade de Lisboa, a program to the Renovatio urbis of Lisbon.

L'objectif général de ce projet était d'analyser l'activité lors de compétitions de niveau international en rugby à XV et d'explorer l'évolution du niveau d'activité au cours du match pour quantifier la fatigue. Dans une première étude il a été démontré que le niveau d'activité ne variait pas de façon significative au cours du match si l'on quantifiait l'activité des joueurs par l'analyse de la vitesse et du rapport entre la durée d'activité et la durée de la récupération. Par contre, on observe une diminution significative de l'accélération moyenne sur la deuxième mi-temps, cette diminution étant plus particulièrement marquée pour le groupe constitué des troisièmes lignes et des talonneurs. Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons proposé d'étudier la fatigue lors de 12 répétitions d'exercice statique simulant la poussée en mêlée. Les résultats démontrent une diminution significative de la force produite de 11,7 % ce qui est relativement faible si l'on considère le protocole qui consistait à répéter 12 fois 5 s de poussée maximale entrecoupées de périodes de récupération de 15 s. Le faible coût métabolique de la contraction isométrique en comparaison de la contraction concentrique pourrait expliquer la diminution relativement faible de la force produite. L'ensemble de ces résultats suggère que l'enchaînement des séquences de jeu statiques et dynamiques et des périodes de récupération lors d'une compétition internationale permet de maintenir le niveau global d'activité / The overall objective of this project was to analyze the activity at international level competitions in rugby union and to explore the evolution of the level of activity during the match to quantify fatigue. In the first study it was demonstrated that the level of activity did not vary significantly during the match if velocity and the ratio between duration of activity and of recovery periods were analyzed. A significant decrease in the average acceleration in the second half was evidenced; this decrease was particularly marked for the group constituted by back rows and hookers. In a second study, we proposed to study fatigue during static exercise simulating the scrum. The results show a significant decrease in the force produced by 11.7 %, which is relatively low considering that the protocol consisted in 12 time 5 s of maximum effort interspersed with recovery periods of 15 s. The low metabolic cost of isometric contraction compared to concentric contraction could explain the relatively small decrease of the force produced. Taken together, these results suggest that the players’ combinations of action, static or dynamic, and recovery times were optimal for preventing large decrease in physical performance

Jeanne Bécu, an illegitimate child from the Vaucouleurs area in France, ascended the ranks of the Ancien régime to become the Countess du Barry and take her place as Royal Mistress of Louis XV. During her tenure as Royal Mistress, Jeanne amassed a jewel collection that rivaled all private collections. During the course of the French Revolution, more specifically the Reign of Terror, Jeanne was forced to hatch a plot to secure the remainder of her wealth as she lost a significant portion of her revenue on the night of 4 August 1789. To protect her wealth, Jeanne enlisted Nathaniel Parker Forth, a British spy, to help her plan a fake jewel theft at Louveciennes so that she could remove her economic capital from France while also reducing her total wealth and capital with the intent of reducing her tax payments. As a result of the theft, her jewelry was transported to London, where she would travel four times during the French Revolution on the pretext of recovering her jewelry. This thesis examines her actions while abroad during the Revolution and her culpability in the plot. While traveling to and from London, Jeanne was able to move information, money, and people out of France. Jeanne was arrested and charged with aiding the counter-revolution, for which the Revolutionary Tribunal sentenced her to death. Madame du Barry represented the extravagance and waste of Versailles and of Bourbon absolutism, and this symbolic representation of waste was what eventually inhibited Jeanne’s success.

Cette thèse analyse le pouvoir social des femmes de la haute aristocratie à la cour de Louis XV (1723-1774). La société de cour, telle que théorisée par le sociologue Norbert Elias, était formée d’une multitude de réseaux de courtisans dans lesquels les femmes jouaient des rôles essentiels. Ne pouvant exercer le pouvoir politique au même titre que les hommes, ces femmes avait tout de même une capacité d’agir (agency) au sein de la cour. Elles développèrent des stratégies utilisant leur pouvoir social, soit leur capacité d’intervenir dans les relations sociales de la cour, pour consolider et favoriser leur mobilité sociale et celle des membres de leur réseau. Ces stratégies furent étudiées par l’entremise des mémoires de cinq femmes ayant fréquenté la cour et les courtisans au XVIIIe siècle, soit Madame de Brancas, Madame du Hausset, Madame de La Ferté-Imbault, Madame Campan et Madame de Genlis. D’abord, cette thèse analyse le temps, soit celui de la cour de Louis XV, celui de la rédaction des mémoires et celui de leur publication, ainsi que l’espace de la cour en tant que composantes qui orientèrent les stratégies féminines. Bien que ces composantes fussent des contraintes à l’action des courtisanes, ces dernières développèrent tout de même leurs stratégies en fonction du temps et de l’espace pour parvenir à leurs fins. Leurs stratégies ont été également façonnées selon des règles d’étiquette et d’éthique comportementale qui régnaient à Versailles. Ne pouvant en faire abstraction, les courtisanes surent les utiliser à leur avantage. Enfin, se trouvant au coeur de réseaux complexes, les femmes de la noblesse développèrent des méthodes d’utilisation de ces réseaux afin d’atteindre leurs objectifs d’ascension sociale. Cette thèse démontre donc que les femmes de la noblesse avaient une capacité d’agir bien réelle par l’exercice de leur pouvoir social et qu’elles étaient essentielles au fonctionnement de la mécanique de la société de cour qui, au XVIIIe siècle, n’était pas en déclin, mais avait plutôt atteint l’apogée du processus de civilisation.

This study identifies a theological trajectory of first generation “believers” – those who allow the biblical text to speak authoritatively into their lives – within the Sindhi community of Pakistan. A passage from a contemporary translation of the New Testament in the Sindhi language – Luke 15:11-32, Jesus’ Parable of the Two Lost Sons – was presented in interview settings to discover how Sindhis express their faith as they consider the message of the parable. Culture texts generated by believers are compared to those generated by “traditional” Muslim Sindhis who do not accept the Bible as authoritative. Twenty–eight people identified as Sindhi believers were interviewed as well as twenty traditional Sindhi Muslims. Similarities and contrasts between the two groups are used to discover how the theological praxis of the believers is being impacted and how they are adjusting their view of God as they engage scripture. The description of theological trajectories that diverge from accepted traditional convictions is referred to as “mapping.” Six themes were identified from the interviews that are important for both groups while demonstrating distinct contrasts and similarities. The themes are (1) God is compassionate/kind/merciful/loving beyond our imagination, (2) God forgives his servants who repent, (3) Concepts of rewards, punishment and the fear of God, (4) The relationship of human beings with God (child versus servant), (5) Issues of justice, honor and status, and (6) The importance of obedience to God. An evaluation of the six themes revealed one overarching trajectory: a shift from a dominant master–servant view of the Divine–human relationship to a father–child paradigm. The research affirms that the shift to a biblically shaped view of God is not disconnected from previous beliefs, but is based on and shaped by a priori assumptions held by members of society. Commitment to the Bible as God’s word speaking authoritatively to believers creates a shift or trajectory of faith so that current perspectives, symbols and metaphors of God are being reformed and reconfirmed through the believers’ interaction with the Sindhi translation of scripture. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)