Under de senaste decennierna har riskkapitalmarknaden utvecklats och har idag lagt grunden till bolag som Spotifys framgångssaga. Samtidigt som riskkapitalmarknaden har utvecklats den digitala utvecklingen i banksektorn riskerar att göra det svårare för nystartade bolag att finansiera sig via lån. Två aktörer på riskkapitalmarknaden som på senare tid har börjat likna varandra i sitt sätt att arbeta är affärsänglar och Venture Capital bolag. Tidigare har aktörerna inte samarbetat med varandra utan gått in i investeringar i olika skeden. Detta har föranlett en viss konkurrens mellan aktörerna, samtidigt som det finns ett beroendeskap mellan partnerna. Affärsänglar är beroende av VC-bolag för att göra exits, medan VC-bolag är beroende av affärsänglar för att ha ett bra deal flow. Samtidigt som affärsängel-investeringar förväntas dominera marknaden i framtiden. Detta leder oss till syftet av denna studie som är att analysera hur ett Venture Capital bolag kan inkludera ett affärsängelnätverk i sin affärsmodell. Studien har genomförts i samarbete med Sörmlandsfonden och utgått från tidigare forskning för att analysera ett nytt perspektiv på hur riskkapitalmarknadens aktörer kan arbeta. Genom kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer möjliggjordes en djupgående analys över affärsmodellen från investerarnas perspektiv. Respondenterna var Sörmlandsfondens vd och affärsänglar som medverkar i Sörmlandsfondens tillhörande affärsängelnätverk. Affärsänglarna hade olika erfarenheter av investeringar inom konstellationen. För att affärsänglar och Venture Capital ska vara villiga att investera tillsammans identifieras flera faktorer där kapital, anpassning och relationer står i centrum. Anpassning konstateras utifrån respondenternas svar vara den främst avgörande faktorn för att aktörerna ska vilja investera tillsammans. Om inte affärsänglarna anpassar sig efter Sörmlandsfondens krav och vice versa hade båda aktörerna troligtvis vänt sig till någon annan, och de hade inte varit möjligt att investera tillsammans. Samtidigt som förtroende till varandras kompetens och kunskap har framkommit vara en av de främsta anledningarna till att de fortfarande medverkar i konstellationen. / During the recent decades, the venture capital market has developed and have been essential for companies such as Spotify’s success. At the same time as the venture capital market has developed, restrictions have been added from the banking sector where the digitalization make it difficult to finance start-up companies through loan. Two parties in the venture capital market, business angels and venture capital firms, have begun to resemble each other in their way of working. The parties have not previously collaborated because they have invested in different stages. This has given rise to some competition between the parties, at the same time as there is a dependency between them. Business angels depend on Venture capital to make an exit, while Venture capital depend on Business angels to have a good deal flow. Also, there is an expectation that business angel will dominate the future venture capital market. This leads to the purpose of this study, which is to analyze how venture capital can include a Business Angel Network (BAN) in their business model. The study was carried out in collaboration with Sörmlandsfonden and was based on previous research to analyze a new alternative on how the venture capital markets parties can operate. Through qualitative semi-structured interviews an in-depth analysis of the business model from the investor’s perspective was possible. The respondents where Sörmlandsfonden’s CEO and business angels from Sörmlandsfonden’s BAN with different experience in operating within this constellation. For Business angels and Venture capital to be willing to invest together, several factors were identified, which can be explained within three areas: capital, adaption, and relationships. Adaption is stated, based on the respondents’ answers, to be the mainconclusive factor for the willingness to invest together. If the Business angels did not adapt to Sörmlandsfonden’s requirements and vice versa they would not be able to invest together, since both parties would probably turn to another organization structure. At the same time, trust in each other’s competence and knowledge has emerged as one of the main reasons to why they still participate in the constellation.

Le capital-risque repose sur un investissement en capital dans des sociétés ayant besoin de financement pour se développer. La rémunération de ce financement, essentiellement basée sur des plus-values de cession des parts acquises, est dépendante de l’environnement économique. Si l’Europe ne connait plus la croissance passée, d’autres pays, couramment qualifiés «d’émergeants » peuvent revêtir un intérêt particulier pour l’investisseur. C’est le cas de l’Inde qui connait une croissance économique considérable aidée par un régime d’investissement étranger qui a été progressivement libéralisé depuis 1991. Cet ouvrage examine donc le régime indien du capital-risque étranger. Il procède pour cela en trois phases. L’ouvrage s’attache dans une première partie à l’étude des différentes procédures d’entrée permettant au capital-risqueur étranger d’investir en Inde. Ces procédures sont au nombre de trois : l’Investissement Direct Etranger qui est une procédure générale d’investissement international dans le capital de sociétés indiennes, l’Investissement Etranger en Capital-Risque qui est une procédure spéciale réservée aux investissements réalisés par des fonds étrangers agréés, et l’investissement au travers d’un fonds d’investissement indien. Sont ensuite étudiés les instruments disponibles en Inde qui permettent la réalisation, sinon l’optimisation d’une opération de capital-risque. Ils peuvent être de capital, de dette ou hybrides. Enfin, l’ouvrage examine la sortie de l’investissement au travers d’une étude de l’introduction en bourse, de la cession et de la liquidation de la société. Cette dernière partie fait apparaitre que si l’Inde dispose d’un système financier extrêmement performant, ses procédures collectives mériteraient d’être améliorées. / Venture Capital is based on an investment in Equity of Companies which need financing to grow. The price of this financing, mainly based on gains from the sale of securities acquired, is dependent on the economic environment. If Europe doesn’t know the past growth, other countries, commonly called as « emerging », may be of particular interest for investors. This is the case of India which is experiencing considerable economic growth helped by a foreign investment regime widely liberalized since 1991. This work examines the foreign venture capital regime in India. It proceeds in three steps. The first part focuses on different entry procedures allowing foreign venture capitalist to invest in India. There are three procedures: Foreign Direct Investment is a general procedure of foreign investment in equity, Foreign Venture Capital Investment is a special procedure reserved for investment by approved foreign venture capital funds, and investment through an Indian Venture Capital Fund. Second part focuses on securities which allow to realize, if not optimize, a venture capital investment. They can be instruments of equity, debt or both. Finally, this work examines the exit of investment though a study of IPO process, sale of security and winding up of company in India. This last part shows that if India has a highly efficient financial system, its bankruptcy regulation needs to be improved.

The purpose of this thesis is evaluate the economic development of firms, which are founded by venture capital through selected economic characteristics. Based on results of the analytical part is evaluated progress of venture capital in selected companies and are formulated founded facts in relation to investment of venture capital.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Venture capital is a major source of funding for the entrepreneurial community and usually focuses on the early stage, more risk orientated business endeavours. This study explores and identifies the investment criteria used by South African venture capitalists in their venture screening and evaluation process and compares these criteria with the results obtained in similar studies abroad. By identifying the criteria that are deemed as important, venture capitalists can enhance their decision-making process and entrepreneurs can adjust their preparation for venture capital application to maximise their success rate. By alerting entrepreneurs of these criteria, some potentially flawed proposals can be corrected beforehand, hence enhancing the venture capital process for both the venture capitalist and the entrepreneur. By making use of a questionnaire, data was gathered from a population of 16 identified South African venture capitalists, of which 75% replied. The most important criteria was identified by evaluating the mean ratings assigned to them and was found to be, the entrepreneurs honesty and integrity, a good expected market acceptance and a high IRR. The data was further analysed using the Friedman two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by ranks test, the Sign test and factor analysis. It was found that the South African venture capitalists, just like their overseas counterparts, rate the entrepreneur and management team, as the most important category of criteria when evaluating new projects for investment. In addition, two lists of factors were identified by using factor analysis to reduce the criteria obtained from the questionnaire. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Waagkapitaal is een van die belangrikste bronne van befondsing waarvan entrepreneurs gebruik kan maak. Dit fokus hoofsaaklik op besighede in 'n vroeë besigheid lewensiklus, waar hoër risiko aan die orde van die dag is. Hierdie studie identifiseer en analiseer die beleggings maatstawwe wat gebruik word vir waagkapitaal belegging besluitneming in Suid-Afrika en vergelyk die resultate met soortgelyke studies wat reeds in die buiteland uitgevoer is. Die besluitnemingsproses vir die waagkapitalis kan ook vergemaklik word deur die identifisering van die mees belangrikste maatstawwe en terselfdertyd kan entrepreneurs dit ook gebruik vir beter voorbereiding in hul aansoek om waagkapitaal. Deur entrepreneurs se aandag op die belangrike faktore te vestig kan potensiële swak voorleggings vroegtydig gekorrigeer word, wat 'n positiewe bydrae sal lewer tot die beleggingsproses vir beide die waagkapitalis en die entrepreneur. Daar is gebruik gemaak van 'n vraelys wat gestuur is aan 16 Suid-Afrikaanse waagkapitaal beleggers, 75% het die vraelys voltooi. Deur vergelyking van die gemiddelde waardes is vasgestel dat die belangrikste maatstawwe die entrepreneur se eerlikheid en integriteit, goeie verwagte aanvaarding en aanvraag na die produk en 'n hoë “IRR” is, daarna is die data geanaliseer deur middel van die “Friedman two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by ranks test”, die ”Sign test” en “factor analysis”. Daar is bevind dat die Suid-Afrikaanse waagkapitalis net soos sy oorsese eweknie, die entrepreneur en bestuurspan as die mees belangrikste afdeling van maatstawwe ag wanneer gekyk word na nuwe projekte vir beleggings. Daar is ook twee addisionele lyste van belangrike maatstawwe opgestel deur die aantal faktore te verminder deur faktor analise.

This study is within the field of impact investments. Impact investors relates to a twofold requirement of both financial return and positive impact from investments. The purpose of this study is to investigate how impact investors assess impact in their investment evaluation processes and how impact is aligned with the requirement on financial return. Literature have addressed the problem of assessing and quantifying impact, but it fails to tell us how impact is incorporated in the pre-investment evaluation of different investment opportunities. The field of impact investments is increasing in popularity among investors and through a qualitative study based on eight semi-structured interviews with impact investors in Sweden, we try to gain insight in how they address the twofold incentive of both financial return and impact.Our findings show that impact investors apply similar evaluation processes as mainstream venture capitalists with the additional assessment of social impact. We find that investors approach the impact assessment in different ways and that there are split views on the ability of measuring impact in the pre-investment phase. The task of combining the financial measurements with impact is found to be challenging due to the contradicting characteristics of the two, as well as the difficulty of measuring social impact. Often the impact aspect is integrated as a pre-investment evaluation “gate”, where a subjective assessment is central. We contribute to literature by addressing the identified research gap and we aim to contribute to social entrepreneurs’ understanding of how investors relate to impact in their investment decision making processes.

Em países como o Brasil, assumido como de desenvolvimento tardio, as empresas de base tecnológica assumem um papel importante no desenvolvimento tecnológico. Nesse sentido, o venture capital torna-se um ator importante como fonte de captação de recursos e auxílio ao sistema de inovação do país. No Brasil, a atuação de venture capital vem crescendo nos últimos anos, mas ainda é incipiente comparativamente a países como EUA e Inglaterra. Esse fato se agrava ao se analisar a atuação do venture capital junto ao setor de biotecnologia no Brasil. As empresas de biotecnologia no Brasil são recentes e o ciclo de desenvolvimento dessas empresas é muito longo. A partir deste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de uma análise dos principais critérios utilizados pelos fundos de venture capital na tomada de decisão em investir em empresas de biotecnologia e a proposição de um modelo de tomada de decisão para investimento em empresas nesse setor. Para que tais fatores fossem identificados e o modelo elaborado, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa. A pesquisa qualitativa consistiu na realização de entrevistas com cinco fundos por meio das quais foi possível analisar o processo de tomada de decisão por parte destes agentes. A pesquisa quantitativa envolveu a aplicação de questionários em empresas start-ups de biotecnologia com o intuito de serem levantadas algumas variáveis importantes relacionadas a suas características que podem exercer impacto no processo de avaliação do fundo. A proposição desse modelo poderá auxiliar as empresas a desenvolverem ações que possam aumentar a propensão delas em receber investimentos. / In countries like Brazil, known as of late development, technology-based companies play an important role in technological development. In this sense, venture capital becomes a major player as a source of funding and support to the country\'s innovation system. In Brazil, the performance of venture capital has increased in recent years but it is still incipient compared to countries like USA and England. Such fact is aggravated when analyzing the performance of venture capital by the biotech industry in Brazil. Biotech companies in Brazil are recent and the development cycle of these companies is very long. From this context, the present study aimed to prepare an analysis of the main criteria used by venture capital funds in the decision to invest in biotechnology companies and the proposition of a model of decision making for investment in companies in this sector. In order to identify these factors and to develop the model, a qualitative and quantitative research was conducted. The qualitative research consisted of interviews with five funds through which it was possible to analyze the process of decision making by these agents. The quantitative research involved the use of questionnaires in business biotechnology start ups in order to raise some important variables related to the characteristics that may impact on the assessment of the background process. The proposition of this model can help companies to develop actions to increase the propensity for them to receive investments.

Há um crescente interesse das grandes empresas em se aproximarem das startups como forma de desenvolver inovação aberta. Entre as 500 maiores empresas do ranking Forbes Global 500, 262 já têm iniciativas de engajamento com startups de alguma maneira: seja investindo, seja acelerando, incubando, realizando eventos ou buscando outros tipos de relacionamento. Nessa relação, a grande corporação pode se beneficiar da estrutura leve, da propensão a tomar riscos, da velocidade de operação e de tomada de decisão das startups, enquanto as startups podem se aproveitar do acesso à grande base de consumidores, do capital, da credibilidade e da estrutura voltada à eficiência da grande corporação, gerando ganhos mútuos. Para que uma grande empresa tenha sucesso nesse relacionamento, ela precisa saber quais são os seus objetivos, os seus resultados esperados, escolher a melhor forma de engajamento e criar uma operação equilibrada e integrada ao ecossistema empreendedor. Ter clareza de como cumprir essas etapas não é uma tarefa fácil. No mercado brasileiro, o desafio é ainda maior. O tema é recente e não há uma fonte de dados que consolide e analise as principais iniciativas de relacionamento entre startups e grandes empresas e as melhores práticas no país. Por meio de pesquisas exploratórias com dados secundários, este estudo identificou, mapeou e categorizou 137 programas de engajamento entre grandes corporações e startups no país. As informações encontradas foram confrontadas com o levantamento teórico e enriquecidas com informações coletadas em entrevistas com executivos responsáveis por algumas das principais iniciativas existentes no Brasil. Desta forma foi possível construir uma visão do mercado brasileiro e entender o nível de maturidade nessa área. Foi possível também identificar os objetivos das corporações, os modelos de relacionamento praticados, o perfil de interesse em startups, as formas como selecionam esse tipo de negócios, como operam os programas, os riscos envolvidos e as formas de mensuração de resultados. / There is increasing interest from the big companies to be closer to the startups as a way of fostering the open innovation. Among the 500 major companies of the Forbes Global 500 ranking, 262 are already running startup engagement programs in any way: investing, accelerating, incubating, running events or any other kind of relationship. In this relationship, the big company can benefit from the innovation focus, the willingness to take risks, the speed of operation and decision taking of the startups, meanwhile the startups can benefit from the access to the big consumer base, the capital, the credibility and the efficiency of the big corporations. To be successful in this journey the big company have to be clear about what are their objectives, the expected results and chose the best model of engagement to create a program that has to be balanced and integrated with the startup ecosystem. Being clear about how to achieve that can be challenging. The topic is recent and there is little literature about that. In Brazil, the challenge is even greater. There is no data source with consolidated data and information about the main startup engagement programs and its best practices. Trough exploratory research with open data this paper have sourced and categorized 137 startup and big companies engagement programs in the country. The gathered data was analyzed taking in consideration the related bibliography and enriched with information collected from interviews with executives responsible for some of the main initiatives in Brazil. This way it was possible to build a consolidated view of the market and its level of maturity. It was also possible to identify the main objectives of the big companies, the engagement models adopted, the startup target profile, the way they select the startups and run the programs, the risks and how they measure the results

Au Yeung Kin Cheong Dennis and Leung Koon On Albert. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 128-131.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Luiz Ferreira.pdf: 1145381 bytes, checksum: e4bcdc31ce0956ead41597f18bc0016c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-21 / Due to deep transformation in the society, economy and politics provided from new technology and globalization, the knowledge has been the most important resource in building value. Since then, the organizations started to have as a dominant factor in building economic result, the intellectual capital. Therefore, the managers need new methodology which can measure and manage intangible resources. The object of this research is the private equity and venture capital industry (PE/VC) in Brazil, that has invested in innovative companies based in the intensive use of the knowledge, thus, it should be relevant to have mechanism to measure and manage the intellectual capital. The main purpose of the research is to verify the practice and the adopted initiative to measure, manage and exposure the intellectual capital in PE/VC industry, under the institutional investor and fund managers‟ view and to compare with the theoretical reference. The research is of an exploratory kind and the data collection was done through a questionnaire which was answered by twenty PE/VC fund manager and seven institutional investors. Through the research, the importance of the intellectual capital measurement has been proved, as well as, its exposure. Nevertheless, although the importance of measurement has been recognized, very few people have practiced it. They claim that the investors market and regulators do not really require it added to a lack of a standard method usually accepted. It is the accountancy duty to develop or refine a suitable method that can be used by all companies. Regarding the exposure of the intellectual capital, the main reasons shown to not to expose is the lack of information to be exposed and the understanding that the secret is important for this sort of information / Em razão das profundas transformações na sociedade, na economia e na política, provenientes de novas tecnologias e da globalização, o conhecimento foi elevado a recurso principal na criação de valor. A partir de então, as organizações passaram a ter como fator preponderante na geração de resultado econômico o capital intelectual. Com isso, os gestores precisam de novos métodos que possam mensurar e gerenciar os recursos intangíveis. Assim sendo, neste trabalho, objetiva-se a discutir acerca da indústria de Private Equity e Venture Capital (PE/VC) no Brasil, que tem investido em empresas inovadoras baseadas no uso intensivo de conhecimento e, portanto, seria relevante ter mecanismos para a mensuração e gerenciamento do capital intelectual. O principal objetivo da pesquisa é verificar a prática e as iniciativas adotadas para a mensuração, gestão e divulgação do Capital Intelectual na indústria de PE/VC, sob a ótica de investidores institucionais e gestores de fundos e compará-las com o referencial teórico. A pesquisa é do tipo exploratória e a coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionário respondido por 20 gestores de fundos e 7 investidores institucionais de PE/VC. Por meio da pesquisa, foi confirmada a importância da mensuração do capital intelectual por meio de métodos específicos e da sua divulgação. No entanto, embora reconheçam a importância da mensuração, poucos têm exercido a prática, alegando como principais motivos a não exigência por parte dos Investidores, Mercado e Reguladoras, e a falta de um método padrão geralmente aceito. Cabe à contabilidade desenvolver ou aprimorar algum método adequado, que possa ser utilizado por todas as empresas. Quanto aos indicadores de Capital Intelectual, os respondentes têm utilizado cobrindo os principais componentes apresentados pelo referencial teórico. No tocante à divulgação de informações sobre o capital intelectual, os principais motivos apontados para a não divulgação foram a falta de informações a serem divulgadas e o entendimento de que o sigilo é importante para esse tipo de informação

Der Erfolg von Innovationen ist unsicher. Wer Kapital in Innovationen investiert, möchte etwas über die Risiken wissen. Mit diesem Wissen können Fondsmanager von Venture-Capital-Gesellschaften ihre Investitionsentscheidung begründen und die Höhe ihrer Renditeforderung ermitteln. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird untersucht, wie Patente über Investitionsrisiken von Venture-Capital-Beteiligungen informieren. Fondsmanager können die Patente der eigenen Portfoliounternehmen und die Patente der Wettbewerber nutzen, um systematisch Risiken in der Entwicklung ihrer Portfoliounternehmen zu erkennen und zu bewerten. Der Autor definiert und klassifiziert zunächst sowohl Patentdaten als auch Risiken. Er erklärt, wie die relevanten Informationen durch die Verknüpfung von Patentdaten, Risiken und Portfoliounternehmen entstehen und welche Rolle Indikatoren spielen. In der Hauptuntersuchung prüft er, durch welche Patentinformationen sich konkrete Gefahren erkennen lassen und welche Indikatoren sich zu diesem Zweck eignen. Für die Prüfung nutzt er in explorativer Weise die theoriebildende und empirische Literatur bisheriger Patentindikatorenforschung. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass eine Reihe rechtlicher Risiken gut durch Patentinformationen erkennbar ist. Teilweise ist für ihre Bewertung jedoch nach wie vor qualitatives Fachwissen spezialisierter Patentanwälte unumgänglich. Risiken des technologischen Wandels lassen sich nach Meinung des Autors kaum durch Patentinformationen im Voraus erkennen. An einem Beispiel werden die theoretischen und methodischen Schwächen in der Literatur vorherrschender Technologielebenszyklusmodelle verdeutlicht. Wettbewerbsrisiken hingegen können mit Patentinformationen nicht nur gut erkannt werden, sondern die indizierenden Patendaten lassen sich auch statistisch gut erfassen, auswerten und direkt in Scoringmodelle übertragen. Abschließend hinterfragt der Autor kritisch die Zuverlässigkeit und Aussagekraft der Befunde durch grundlegende Klassifizierungsprobleme und gibt Anstöße für weiterführende Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Risiko- und Performancemessung von Venture-Capital-Investments. / The success of innovations is uncertain. People investing capital in innovations would like to know something about their risks. If fund managers of venture capital firms knew these risks, they would be able to justify their investment decisions and to determine the height of their claim for yield. In this thesis, the author examines how patents inform about investment risks of ven-ture capital participations. Fund managers can use those patents of their own portfo-lio companies and the patents of the competitors in order to recognize and evaluate risks systematically in the development of their ventures. First, the author defines and classifies both patent data and risks. He explains how the relevant information arises by linking patent data, risks and venture and he ex-plains the importance of indicators. In the main part of this thesis, he examines by which patent information concrete dangers could be recognized and which indicators are suitable to this purpose. For this examination, he uses theory grounding and em-pirical literature of past patent indicator research in an explorative way. It shows up that a couple of legal risks are well recognizable by patent information. However, in part, the qualitative knowledge of specialized patent lawyers is still needed. According to the author's opinion, risks of technological changes are hardly to recognize by patent information in advance. An example shows the theoretical and methodical weaknesses of the technology life cycle models, predominating in the lit-erature. However, competitive risks can be well recognized by patent information. Furthermore, the indicating patent data can be well seized statistically, evaluated and transferred directly in scoring models, too. Finally, the author discusses the reliability and explanatory power of the results using basic classification problems and gives hints for further research in the area of risk and performance measuring of venture capital investments.