This thesis presents a case study conducted at the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm, focusing on the digital tools and implementations within the exhibitions of the museum. It aims to explore the perspectives and interactions on digital tools and implementations of both museum employees, and visitors, examining the potential discrepancies that may arise. The study falls within the field of Digital Humanities, with a specific emphasis on the impact of new museology and digital applications within cultural heritage institutions. To establish a comprehensive understanding of the subject, varying ethnographic methodologies are employed. Interviews have been conducted with employees at the museum to investigate their understanding and planning regarding the use of digital tools and implementations in their exhibitions. Additionally, interviews with visitors as well as on-site observations were conducted to provide insight into visitor experiences and interactions with the digital tools and implementations. Lastly, one participatory observation during a tour of an upcoming exhibition was performed to add perspective from the professionals of the museum. The findings reveal that digital tools and implementations are highly regarded as invaluable assets by the Museum of Ethnography. However, the thesis finds that the diverse professional backgrounds within the museum staff adds complexity to understanding the digital tools and implementations, which affects the staff’s ability to find harmonious solutions for problems of accessibility of the tools. Visitors tend to find direct interactions, such as games or educational movies, more accessible and easier to engage with, while immersive sounds and projections may go unnoticed. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge in Digital Humanities by expanding the knowledge about the effective utilization of digital tools and implementations in cultural heritage museums, through this case study. It serves as a guide for other GLAM institutions, offering new diverse perspectives of both museum professionals and visitors.

Kenya's 2010 Constitution marked a significant shift towards decentralised governance and public participation as key drivers of sustainable development (Finch and Omolo, 2015). One of the primary strategies county governments employ to achieve this goal is participatory budgeting (PB), which empowers communities and devolves power to support inclusive and equitable development. Through the Communication for Development lens, this thesis investigates the discourse surrounding participatory budgeting in Makueni County, Kenya. The study examines the communication approaches the county government applies to promote public participation, explores the role of participatory communication in facilitating public engagement in PB, and assesses the inclusivity of participatory approaches. Additionally, the research delves into the opportunities and challenges of integrating digital tools into participatory communication for PB. This aspect of the study is particularly relevant in today's digital age, where digital communication tools have become an essential aspect of communication. The thesis also considers power dynamics, social context, and the appropriate use of digital tools to foster a participatory and inclusive approach for PB.The data collection methods to dissect the research topic included semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Makueni County officials and a focus group discussion with civil society and community members. The findings of this research reveal Makueni County has public participation approach that enjoys strong government backing and efforts to institutionalise PB within the county devolution governance. The county communication approach blends participatory and top-down strategies, dominated by a monologic, one-way flow of information. However, a participatory aspect is also present, facilitated by traditional community platforms and community mobilisation through media and digital tools. While digital platforms are employed, restricted internet coverage and a digital divide hinder their effectiveness. The findings also identify limited youth and civil society participation in the communication approaches further hinder inclusive participation in the PB processes. Despite these challenges, the study suggests that Makueni County's approach is promising for participatory communication. However, to achieve a truly participatory communication approach, the county government needs to refine its communication approach to enhance inclusivity and leverage digital tools to foster effective public participation. This could cultivate transparent, accountable, and participatory communication strategies, that could yield sustainable and equitable outcomes in the participatory budgeting initiative.

The thesis bridges the gap between physical and digital print design in search of a hybrid state, reflecting our present time. With AI-assisted creativity in print development and features such as added volume to the print elements, the physical garments replicate the creation of a 3D object existing in computer software. Through innovative garment construction techniques and the development of photographic print composition, it redefines the relationship between print, form, and body. Driven by visually stimulating imagery and the desire to communicate physical sensation through concepts constructed via digital tools, the thesis proposes hybrid wearables existing in both the digital and physical states. The research examines an innovative symbiosis between the nostalgic past and the futuristic present with joyful expression in mind while simultaneously harmonizing the saturated voices of the current zeitgeist. The project contributes to the utilization of AI image-generating tools such as Dalle2 in the design practice and the role of maintaining human-centered design instead of replacing it. The results are presented in multitudes of different presentation formats from analog or digital ones in the forms of image stills and animation to phygital convergences between the virtual and the actual reality.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att bidra med kunskap om hur några lärare beskriver arbetet med läsning i årskurs 4-6 i svenskämnet för att skapa förutsättningar för läsmotivation hos elever. Följande frågeställningar har använts för att uppnå studiens syfte: Hur beskriver lärare att de implementerar läsandet i svenskundervisningen, hur beskriver lärare att de motiverar elever till läsande i svenskämnet samt vilka faktorer beskriver lärare som betydelsefulla för deras arbete med läsning i årskurs 4-6. Studiens syfte och frågeställningar besvaras genom datainsamling och analyser av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra verksamma lärare i ämnet svenska för årskurs 4-6. Studiens teoretiska ramverk grundar sig på Banduras theory of self-efficacy där individens tilltro till att kunna slutföra en uppgift stärks av att motiveras till att klara det, både genom inre- och yttre motivationsfaktorer. Sammanfattningsvis visar studiens resultat att lärare beskriver hur de arbetar motivationsfrämjande för läsande i undervisningen genom att använda både inre och yttre motivationsfaktorer. Lärarna nämner hur författarbesök och att gemensamt arbeta mot uppsatta mål där det finns belöningar, motiverar elever till att läsa. Att arbeta strategiskt med analoga och digitala texter beskriver lärarna som ett arbetssätt de använder för att implementera läsandet i undervisningen. Att involvera eleverna i undervisningen genom att diskutera innehållet leder till att eleverna får en förståelse för text och motiveras således till att läsa mer, och oftare. / The purpose of the present study is to contribute knowledge about how some teachers describe the work with reading in grades 4-6 in the Swedish subject to create conditions for reading motivation among pupils. The following questions have been used to achieve the purpose of the study: How do teachers describe that they implement reading in Swedish subject, how do teachers describe that they motivate pupils to read in the Swedish subject and which factors do teachers describe as significant for their work with reading in grades 4-6. The purpose and questions of the study are answered through data collection and analyzes of qualitative semi-structured interviews with four active teachers in the subject of Swedish for grades 4-6. The study's theoretical framework is based on Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, where the individual's belief in being able to complete a task is strengthened by being motivated to do it, both through internal and external motivational factors. In summary, the results of the study show that teachers describe how they work to promote motivation for reading in teaching by using both internal and external motivational factors. The teachers mention how author visits and working together towards set goals where there are rewards motivate pupils to read. Working strategically with analogue and digital texts is described by the teachers as a working method they use to implement reading in their teaching. Involving the pupils in the teaching by discussing the content leads the pupils towards gaining an understanding of the text and is thus motivated to read more, and more often.

The changing environment during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased demand for hybrid work formats. However, the research field merely focuses on hybrid work formats that were planned for. Generating knowledge regarding hybrid learning and how it can help those who intend to integrate it into their organizational settings is the purpose of this study. With this qualitative study we aim to make contributions to this research gap by exploring the research question “How are digital tools used for hybrid learning in higher education environments and how does it change the conditions for learning?”. The method used is a case study, in which we interview five respondents with differentiating experience of conducting hybrid learning. We found that digital tools are used similarly in both hybrid and non-hybrid higher education environments and that there had hardly been any kind of investments made towards hybrid work methods. We also found that hybrid learning works well for the traditional one-way communication lecture form but not as well for interactive lecture forms. Because this lecture form is important for deeper learning, in the context of this study hybrid learning is not perceived as an adequate lecture form. In addition to contributions to this research field, we aim to contribute to the practical usage of digital tools within hybrid work models.

Digitalisation developing rapidly in agriculture and the image of a digitalised agriculture often describes an idealized future. Digitalisation should be used to achieve sustainability in agriculture. Few studies have an in-depth analysis that considers all three dimensions of sustainability in the context of digitalisation. The aim of the study is thus to increase understanding of how digitalisation contributes to sustainability in agriculture. The study is based on a qualitative method, where the results are collected from five interviews at two large agricultural companies and one national association. The data collected was analyzed using a six-step thematic analysis inspired by the Braun and Clark (2014) model. The results show that digital tools contribute to increased production, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, gender equality, increased personal security, biodiversity conservation and profitability. Digital tools are used to measure, improve resource use, share and analyse data and support decision-making. A decision-makers should know that investments in order for contribute to one of the sustainability dimensions, they interact with, or counteracts to other sustainability dimensions. Expertise in sustainability and acceptance of digital tools are important for a digital tool to contribute to sustainability. A decision-maker should focus on more aspects when introducing digital tools than the way the tool performs one or more processes. / Digitalisering utvecklas snabbt inom jordbruk och bilden av ett digitaliserat jordbruk beskriver oftast en idealiserad framtid. Digitaliseringen ska kunna användas för att nå hållbarhet i jordbruket. Det är få artiklar som har en djupgående analys som tagit hänsyn till hållbarhetens alla tre dimensioner i samband med digitalisering. ​​Studiens syfte är således att öka förståelsen för hur digitalisering bidrar till hållbarhet inom jordbruk. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod, där resultatet samlas från fem intervjuer på två stora jordbruksföretag och ett riksförbund. Den data som samlades in analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analys i sex steg inspirerad av modellen Braun och Clark (2014).  Resultatet visar att digitala verktyg bidrar till ökade produktion, mindre växthusgasutsläpp, jämställdhet, ökad personsäkerhet, bevarande av biologisk mångfald och lönsamhet. Digitala verktyg används för att mäta, förbättra resursanvändning, dela och analysera data samt att stödja beslutuppfattning. En beslutfattare ska veta att en investering i syfte att bidra till en av hållbarhetsdimensionerna samverkar eller motverkar till övriga hållbarhetsdimensioner. Det krävs expertis inom hållbarhet och acceptans av digitala verktyg för att användning av digitala verktyg ska kunna bidra till hållbarhet. En beslutfattare ska fokusera på fler aspekter vid införande av digitala verktyg, än verktygets sätt att utföra en eller flera processer.

Digital competence is a skill that schools must teach. As society becomes more and more digitized, there are good reasons to argue how big a role digital devices should have in the classroom and how it affects the pupil´s learning in contrast to the traditional analogue teaching. Of interest was how pupils` writing process is influenced by digital tools in the teaching. The method chosen to be used in the work was to investigate what previous research says about the research area. It was reviewed through thematic analysis and compiled. The result shows that the balance between digital and analogue is important, and that the tools should complement each other. A digital competence and motivation are factors that influence the writing process, the research highlights. The material does not only deal with studies at the primary level, due to research gaps, which is needed to ensure the contextual relevance. However, all studies are done in a school environment. For further research there is interest in investigating how digital competence can be developed among students and staff in Swedish schools.

Våren 2020 stängdes Sveriges gymnasieskolor som en konsekvens av Covid-19 pandemin, och undervisningen förlades till att bedrivas på distans. Denna hastiga övergång innebar drastiska skillnader i förändrade fysiska ramfaktorer för lärare och elever. Distansundervisning är som företeelse inget nytt men är ett relativt outforskat ämne inom undervisning av elgitarr. Utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv undersöktes hur elgitarrlärare vid gymnasieskolan upplevde att distansundervisningens förändrade ramfaktorer påverkade undervisningen och elevernas lärande och motivation. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer visade resultatet att flertalet elevers lärande och motivation upplevdes påverkas negativt som följd av bristen på social interaktion. Undervisningen hämmades till viss del av tekniska begränsningar där minskade möjligheter till samspel beskrevs som den största nackdelen. Dock gav distansundervisningen och användandet av digitala verktyg upphov till kreativitet hos vissa elever. Studiens resultat leder till en diskussion om hur lärande som en social aktivitet påverkas av förändrade ramfaktorer, och hur distansundervisning i framtiden kan utvecklas genom forskning och nya teknologiska landvinningar. / In the spring of 2020, Sweden's upper secondary schools were closed as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, and teaching was resituated to distance education. This transition meant drastic differences in changing physical framework factors for teachers and students. Distance education is not a new phenomenon but lacks research regarding teaching of electric guitar. Through a socio-cultural perspective it was investigated how teachers at upper secondary schools, experienced teaching and the students learning and motivation related to the change of framework factors. Results of qualitative interviews showed that the majority of students learning and motivation was perceived to be negatively affected due to lack of social interaction. Teaching was partially hampered by technical limitations, where reduced opportunities for musical interplay was described as the greatest problem. However, distance learning and the use of digital tools gave rise to creativity in some students. The discussion addresses how learning as a social activity is affected by changing framework factors, and how distance education could develop through future research and technological advances.

The launch of the chatbot ChatGPT in November of 2022 has sparked a fierce debate on how AI tools will affect future education. Currently, there have been multiple articles about how universities and educators do not yet have an action plan on how to respond to the consequences of the launch of the chatbot. The technology behind ChatGPT is generative AI and is anticipated to be the next big digital disruption. Generative AI and its effects on higher education is still unexplored territory. In this thesis we aim to answer the following research question: how can generative AI be managed as a digital disruption in higher education? We conducted a qualitative case study at a university in Sweden, where the participants were educators from different departments. The three main themes discussed in this thesis are: disruptive effects of generative AI; three elements of managing digital disruption; emerging challenges and opportunities. We contribute to existing research by providing a model on how the digital disruption caused by generative AI manifests in higher education and provide suggestions on how to manage it. Further, we suggest that future research add students’ perspective to the model, since this was not covered in this thesis.

Denna uppsats fokuserar på att undersöka vilken påverkan digitaliseringen har på servicemöten inom turismrelaterade verksamheter och vilken betydelse eventuella förändringar av digitalisering har för besökares upplevelser av service. Studien ämnar också att få svar på hur servicemöten har förändrats i takt med digitaliseringen, vilka digitala verktyg som används inom turismverksamheter samt hur förändringar som en följd av digitaliseringen har påverkat besökares upplevelser av servicemöten. En tematik har byggts upp i problemformulering, syfte och frågeställningar som sedan följer samma riktning i det teoretiska ramverket. Temana är digitaliseringens utveckling, digitala verktyg  och  servicemöten. Med utgångspunkt i teorin och dessa teman förklaras digitaliseringens framväxt, hur digitala verktyg används inom turismverksamheter, hur besökare blir medskapare av upplevelser samt ges en förklaring av huvudämnet servicemöte.  Avsikten är att skapa en uppfattning om upplevelsen av servicemöten och hur de har förändrats i och med den digitala utvecklingen, som nämnts ovan. För att undersöka detta har kvalitativa intervjuer  använts  som  datainsamling  för  studien.  Studien  tar  utgångspunkt  i  ett konsumentperspektiv, men delvis också ett producentperspektiv där intervjuer med både turister och hotellaktörer har genomförts. Genom intervjuer har intervjupersonerna tillhandahållit sina upplevelser av digitalisering inom turismverksamheter  och dess inverkan på servicemöten. Empirin som sedan har analyserats visar att utvecklingen av digitaliseringen har medfört att digitala verktyg införts på de intervjuade hotellverksamheterna och hur turister bokar vistelser och tar del av recensioner online. Vidare indikerar empirin att turisters upplevelser av hur digitala förändringar har påverkat besökares upplevelser av servicemöten och betydelsen av det fysiska mötet. Sammandraget visar denna studie på att digitala verktyg har implementerats till viss del på turismverksamheter, men de digitala verktygen har inte orsakat några större förändringar för själva servicemötet. Mänskliga servicemöten har en betydande roll för turisters upplevelser och är något som önskas kvarstå. / This following essay addresses the digitization and its impact on service encounters that occur at various touristic facilities. In addition, the importance any possible digital changes have for tourists’ experiences of service is also emphasized. The aim is to obtain an idea about experiences of service encounters, how they change as a result of the digital development in society, and what kind of digital tools are used by tourism organizations. Consequently, the way the potential digital changes have affected tourists’ experiences of service encounters is furthermore studied. A thematization has been defined in relation to the problem statement, purpose of the study, and research questions, which follow the same direction into the theoretical background. The themes are the development of digitization, digital tools, and the service encounter. With the theory and these themes as a starting point, the digital development, along with the usage of digital tools within tourism organizations and how visitors become co-creators of experiences, explain the main subject service encounter.  The intention is to attain comprehension about experiences of service encounters, as stated above. In order to examine this, qualitative interviews have been applied as a method. This essay studies the phenomena from a consumer perspective, as well as a producer perspective. By interviewing both tourists and hotel businesses, the informants have shared their experiences of, and views on, digitization at touristic facilities, as well as how it impacts service encounters. The analyzed results from the collected data indicate that the development of the digitization has resulted in adopted digital tools at the interviewed hotel businesses, and that tourists book and engage in reviews online. Moreover, the empirical results highlight the interviewed tourists’ perceptions of how digital changes have affected visitors’ experiences of service encounters, and the significance of the physical encounter. In conclusion, this study suggests that digital tools have been partially implemented at touristic facilities, however, the digital tools have not caused any major changes for the  service encounter.  Human service encounters have a remarkable role for tourists’ experiences and is something they wish would remain.