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Sammanfattning De ensamkommande barnen som kommer till Sverige befinner sig i en utsatt situation. Efter den förste juli 2006 lades ansvaret för barnens boende och omvårdnad på kommunerna efter överenskommelse med migrationsverket. De ensamkommande barnen blir tilldelade en god man, som får ansvaret för barnen i föräldrarnas frånvaro. En av de gode männens uppgift är att företräda barnet i asylprocessen. Tidigare forskning som belyser hur mottagningen i en kommun kan se ut, eller hur de vuxna som arbetar med barnen upplever sin situation var svårt att finna. Idag finns främst rapporter från ideella organisationer som exempelvis Rädda Barnen. Under hösten 2008 gjordes intervjuer med ansvarig tjänsteman på kommun X, boende personal på ett PUT- boende för ensamkommande barn, samt gode män. Detta för att få en förståelse för hur barnens situation kan se ut i en kommun och hur ansvaret är fördelat mellan berörda parter. Utifrån intervjuerna visade det sig att det saknades klara direktiv och regler mellan de olika instanserna, vilket kan leda till en ostrukturerad tillvaro för de ensamkommande barnen. Vidare framkom att inga formella krav fanns för att bli god man, inte heller någon specifik utbildning innan de går in som vårdnadshavare för de ensamkommande barnen. Detta placerar barnen i ännu en utsatt situation, då de gode männen har tilldelats ansvaret att beakta barnens rättigheter, ekonomi, samt juridiska aspekter.  Nyckelord: ensamkommande barn, kommunens ansvar, god man, asylprocess / Abstract The unaccompanied children who come to Sweden are in an exposed position. After the first of July 2006 the responsibility for the children's housing and caring lays on the local authority after agreement with immigration authorities. The unaccompanied child gets an allocated good man, which gets the responsibility for the children in the parents' absence. One of the good men's responsibilities is to represent the child in the asylum process. Earlier research that elucidates how the reception can looks like in a local authority where difficult to find. How the adult who works with these children experience their situation, where also difficult to find. Today, there are principally reports from non-profit organizations, for example: "save the children" in Sweden. During the autumn 2008 interviews were done with a responsible official in local authority X, housing personnel on PUT- living for unaccompanied children, and good men. To be able to get an understanding for how the children's situation can look like in a local authority and how the responsibility is distributed between concerned parties. On the basis of the interviews, it showed clear directives and rules were missing between the different authorities, which can lead to an unstructured life for the unaccompanied children. Furthermore, no formal requirements or other specific education is necessary in order to become a good man and there by make a commitment to get custody for the unaccompanied children. This puts the children in another exposed situation, since the good men have been allocated the responsibility to pay attention to the children's rights, economy, and legal aspects. Keywords: unaccompanied children, the local authority, good man, asylum process

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This essay argues that Sara Ahmed’s methodology for reading the emotionality of texts, through its focus on the relationships between emotions, language and bodies, can be applied to the emotional responses of Australians to refugees and asylum seekers. This essay specifically focuses on the emotions of disgust and pain in the participants of Go Back To Where You Came From, a three-part Australian documentary/realia TV series, because these two emotions’ preoccupation with surface and proximity provide a useful metaphor for what can be observed in the participants’ emotionality. Sensuous proximity in the form of sight, taste, smell, touch and hearing underlies the disgust experienced by the Go Back participants, while shared surfaces enable the participants to feel the pain of others. The essay concludes that Ahmed’s methodology is indeed an effective tool for analysing the emotions of people “affected” by the transnational movements of others.

Studien belyser uttagningsprocessen och mottagandet av kvotflyktingar ur de arbetandes perspektiv samt studerar samverkan mellan olika aktörer som arbetar med frågan. Studien är uppdelad i fyra delar där första delen tar upp processen och samverkan mellan aktörer. Andra delen belyser problematik och konsekvenser kring samverkan samt olika aktörers synsätt. Granskning av likheter och skillnader mellan kvotflyktingar och andra flyktinggrupper belyses i tredje delen och sista delen tar upp hur lagstiftning och kriterier inverkar i processen.

This thesis analyzes the construction of children of Iranian asylum-seekers&rsquo / national and religious identity who are dwelling in Kayseri provisionally. Identity construction of the children was based on a &lsquo / flexible&rsquo / and &lsquo / malleable&rsquo / ground in the research. The research was conducted through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with a selected group of participants. The participants belong to two different religious cohorts, Shi&rsquo / is and Baha&rsquo / is. Within the scope of the research question, national and religious of the children were investigated profoundly by taking into consideration of related identity theories. In addition, childhood experiences of the children were examined in order to find out if there is any interplay between childhood experiences and national and religious identities. It was determined that ambit of a contested process of identities, national identity enunciated its vigour by far for all the participants. It was also ascertained that while for the Shi&rsquo / i children, religious identity has reduced its strength / religious identity is still potent for the Baha&rsquo / i children in the host society. Moreover, the children&rsquo / s interrupted childhood results from their religious professions and their family&rsquo / s political views reconstructed in Kayseri. The participants&rsquo / interrupted childhood in Iran achieved a relative maintenance in Kayseri without any fragmentation due to relative free environment comparing to Iran.

As a country that is highly affected by the changing nature of international migration due to transformative forces of globalization, Turkey is now being defined as a country of both immigration and emigration. This thesis analyzes Turkish state&rsquo / s international migration politics and policies with regard to recent global trends in migratory movements. It examines the underlying dynamics that govern the policy making processes and tries to identify the problems stemming from them. The primary goal of the thesis is to make an elaborate assessment of the existent institutional framework and to detect the presence of securitization paradigm in the political and legal setting of international migration in Turkey by means of qualitative research methods. It investigates how international pressures and trends, national interests, political considerations and especially the dynamics of fragmented institutional structure have affected policy making strategies. In view of these factors, the thesis suggests adopting a humanitarian approach towards refugees, asylum seekers and migrants that leaves political concerns behind and avoids securitization of the issue.

Bakgrund: Immigranter, flyktingar, asylsökande och papperslösa tillhör samhällets mest sårbara grupper och löper hög risk att utveckla mental ohälsa relaterat till traumatiska upplevelser pre- och postmigrativt. Grupperna är underrepresenterade inom den psykiatriska vården och det råder ett missförhållande mellan behovet av och tillgången till vård för dessa patientgrupper. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka upplevelsen av den mentala ohälsan och hinder för vård hos immigranter, flyktingar, asylsökande och papperslösa ur ett transkulturellt omvårdnadsperspektiv. Metod: Tio kvalitativa studier och två studier med mixad metod har granskats och analyserats. Leiningers transkulturella omvårdnadsteori har använts för att lyfta resultatet till en högre abstraktionsnivå. Resultat: Tre teman identifierades: Den mentala ohälsan, Hinder för vård och Kulturellt betingade attityder. I resultatet framkom att grupperna lider av mental ohälsa relaterat till erfarenheter genom migrationsprocessen. Bristfällig information, kommunikationssvårigheter och bristande tillit till vårdpersonalen ledde till hinder i vården. Dessutom framkom att stigmatisering, religiösa övertygelser och könsroller påverkade fokusgruppens syn på mental ohälsa. Slutsats: Immigranter, flyktingar, asylsökande och papperslösa är högriskpatienter för mentala ohälsotillstånd men strukturella och personliga faktorer hindrar dem att erhålla vård. Som sjuksköterska är det viktigt att inta en aktiv roll och ha kunskap och förståelse kring dessa människors upplevelser och kulturellt betingade attityder kring mental ohälsa. Klinisk betydelse: Genom att belysa en marginaliserad patientgrupps upplevelser av att leva med mental ohälsa och erhålla vård i en ny kulturell kontext ökar sjuksköterskans medvetenhet om dessa människors situation. Detta kan leda till en bättre vård för dessa patienter. / Background: Immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants belong to society's most vulnerable groups and are at high risk of developing mental health problems. The groups are underrepresented in psychiatric care and there is a disproportion between the need and the availability of care for these patient groups. Aim: The aim was to examine the experience of mental illness and barriers for access to healthcare of immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants from a transcultural nursing perspective. Method: Ten qualitative studies and two mixed-method studies were reviewed and analysed. Leiningers transcultural nursing theory was applied to enable a higher level of abstraction. Results: Three themes were identified: The mental illness, Barriers for care and Culturally influenced attitudes. The result showed that the groups suffered from mental illness related to experiences through the migration process. Inadequate information, communication difficulties and a lack of trust in the medical staff led to obstacles in healthcare. Stigma, religious beliefs and gender roles affected the focus group's view of mental illness. Conclusion: Immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants are at high risk for developing mental illness but structural and personal factors preventing them to receive treatment. Nurses should take an active role and gain knowledge about experiences and culturally conditioned attitudes about mental illness among patients. Clinical significance: Highlighting the experience of living with mental illness and obtaining care in a new cultural context, increases the nurses’ knowledge about the marginalized patient group.

Every state may face a bid for protection in embassies or consulates from persons looking for a shelter in dangerous situations to their lives and safety. Even though diplomatic asylum is more peculiar to Latin America region, no State is prevented from such seekers. Practical examples show that diplomatic asylum helped to safe thousands of people in countries where instability of governments exist, during wars or in situations where no other alternative of protection was available. Grant of diplomatic asylum is a problematic issue because it raises question which value should prevail: inviolability of premises or non interference into internal affairs, protection of human rights or sovereignty of State. This master thesis attempts to find out what is the current position of diplomatic asylum in the context of public international law and on what grounds it could be granted in embassies and consulates. For this aim, the thesis is focused on the evolution and main features of diplomatic asylum, on its relation with regional and universal international law instruments, on dominating positions to diplomatic asylum in the case law. International treaties, state practice and various positions of legal writers were analyzed in order to reveal grounds for granting diplomatic asylum. In the States where diplomatic asylum is recognized, it is granted according to the existing legal regulation. In the States where diplomatic asylum is not considered as legal institute, it is granted on... [to full text] / Kiekviena valstybė savo ambasadose ar konsulatuose gali sulaukti asmenų prašančių prieglobsčio dėl gresiančio pavojaus gyvybei ar saugumui. Nors diplomatinis prieglobstis yra būdingesnis Lotynų Amerikos regionui, nė viena valstybė nėra apsaugota nuo tokio prašymo. Praktiniai pavyzdžiai rodo, kad diplomatinis prieglobstis padėjo išgelbėti tūkstančius gyvybių ten, kur vykdavo dažna politinės valdžios kaita, per karus, ar tokiose situacijose, kur nebuvo galima rasti jokios kitos apsaugos. Diplomatinio prieglobsčio suteikimas yra problematiškas klausimas, kadangi nėra aišku, kam turėtų būti teikiama pirmenybė: atstovybės patalpų neliečiamybei ar nesikišimo į valstybės vidaus reikalus principui, žmogaus teisių apsaugai ar valstybės suverenitetui. Šiuo magistro darbu siekiama išsiaiškinti diplomatinio prieglobsčio svarbą tarptautines teisės kontekste, kokie yra galimi pagrindai šiam prieglobsčiui suteikti. Šiam tikslui pasiekti, didelis dėmesys skiriamas diplomatinio prieglobsčio vystymuisi ir pagrindiniams bruožams, jo santykiui su regioniniais ir visuotiniais tarptautines teises dokumentais, dominuojančia pozicija teismų praktikoje. Pagrindams diplomatiniui prieglobsčiui rasti buvo analizuojamos tarptautinės sutartys, šalių praktika ir skirtingos autorių nuomonės. Tose šalyse, kur diplomatinis prieglobstis yra pripažįstamas, jis yra suteikiamas pagal esamą teisinį reguliavimą. Kitose šalyse, nepripažįstančiose diplomatinio prieglobsčio kaip teisinio instituto, jis yra suteikiamas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

The European refugee problem between 1933 and 1947 posed serious difficulties for the nations of asylum. Despite the trend towards immigration restriction, France and the United States remained the foremost countries of refuge and resettlement during the interwar years. The overwhelming numbers of refugees, however, tested their tradition of asylum, and both nations failed that tradition from the humanitarian point of view. / During the 1930's, the French harried the Americans for refusing to aid and resettle the refugees from France, complicating the diplomatic relations between the two countries. Disagreements over the proper handling of refugee affairs continued throughout the war years. After the war, the Americans and the French concluded that their disagreements postponed a successful solution to the refugee problem, and by 1947 they had embarked on a more cooperative refugee relationship through the auspices of the United Nations.