For a long time, auxiliary lights utilizing halogen or xenon light sources has been fitted in front of the car’s front grille when needing an improved high beam performance. The bigger the auxiliary light, the better its light performance has been. Today’s LED (Light Emitting Diode) technology, where several small light sources are used, has enabled a new market of auxiliary lights, smaller in size and more flexible in shape but with performance able to both match and outperform the traditional auxiliary lights. This master thesis focuses on developing an overall solution for mounting the type of LED auxiliary light commonly referred to as LED light bars on the roof of a car and aims to broaden an existing market. LED light bars are characterized by its oblong and cuboid-like shape. High-performance light bars are theft-desirable by nature as they have a high price and lack of theft security in themselves. In today’s market, there is no given solution for the attachment of roof mounted light bars without harming the car. As a result, mountings of this kind are mostly seen neither aerodynamic nor aesthetically appealing. The project has been performed according to the CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate) phases. During the conceive phase, a comprehensive pre-study was carried out in which car, relevant theories, LED light bars, competitors and expert observations were investigated. In the design phase, ideas were developed using a number of creative methods implemented individually, in groups and in the form of a workshop. Ideas were clustered into categories and were screened prior to the implement phase. In the following phase, the ideas were combined into a concept that was defined in details. A prototype was manufactured and evaluated, after which the concept was iterated into a final solution. During the last phase, operate, all deliverables were produced at the same time as a manufacturing process was initiated. Together with Vparts, a company dedicated entirely to Volvo owners, an overall solution has been developed to enable a good-looking, anti-theft-proof, model specific and aerodynamic mounting of LED light bars onto the roofs of cars. The concept consists of a double curved light bar in combination with lockable and adjustable mounts having an aerodynamic shape. The solution is modular and includes two different versions of the mounts, which together cover 9 Volvo models, each variant consisting of four different components per side of the light bar.

In a broad sense this thesis concerns the politics (and ethics) of strategic management, organisational psychology, organisational narratives, knowledge management and conditions of innovation. More specifically, this is research into the dimension of politics and the legitimacy of power relations within the synchronization of time and space in social organisations, typically as part of the design and implementation of strategy, in context of organisational definitions of innovation and contestations of 'the new'. With a conceptual archaeology, the thesis contends that strategy research focuses on the nodal concepts of 'inertia', 'adaptation' and 'friction', in context of three past conceptual frameworks: namely, Newtonian mechanics, Hobbesian interpretations of evolution, and Clausewitzian military theory. A genealogical approach is used to reveal the persistent influence of the Newtonian notion of simultaneity (absolute time and absolute space) across these three frameworks in their combinatorial guise in the discourse of strategic management. The genealogy unfreezes the nodal concepts by showing the history of their contingent construction and selection. Finally, a critical analysis scrutinizes the contextual appropriateness of applying the concept of simultaneity to social matters. The thesis rejects simultaneity and its dominant position as an 'articulatory practice' of organisational strategy. By decoupling the notion of simultaneity from frames through which sense is made of motion and events, the grip that structuralism has on organisational strategy is loosened and by substituting simultaneity with political power the implications for strategic management become clear. The approach draws from Political Discourse Theory to reframe the strategy discourse, in its current conception, as hegemonic and an antagonistic system of 'Politics' that, instead of facilitating either stability or innovation, leads, instead, to 'conceptual inertia' and economic stagnation, by repressing emergences of 'the Political'. The thesis proposes a strategy of 'agonism' as an alternative. Rather than replacing one despotic concept with another, the suggestion of agonistic strategy is made because agonism allows for its own reinterpretation, thus does not represent a sedimented centre of a discourse. In this way, agonism is less susceptible to stagnation, and more amenable to innovation. The theoretical framework is then accompanied with a study of the design and implementation of strategy within a research institute engaged with the innovation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) using the CRISPR-cas9 technique. The selection of this case organisation allows for an analysis of the politics and power relations at play in the definitions of innovation, and a means to ground a study of the social construction of reality within an empirical setting regarding the strategic development of genetic constructs.

This thesis explores localisations and roles of three auxiliary protein factors involved in the biogenesis of Photosystem II (PSII) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and contributes to subcellular localisation of the initial steps of PSII biogenesis and repair-related D1 synthesis. The main results consist in i) identification of a functional interaction of the protein factor Psb27 with a lumenal domain of the Photosystem II subunit CP43, ii) discovery of a novel pigment binding complex formed by the Ycf39 protein and high-light-inducible proteins implicated in photoprotection and delivery of recycled chlorophyll to newly synthesized D1 protein during the PSII reaction centre formation, iii) providing evidence that the early steps of PSII assembly and the repair-related D1 synthesis occur in the thylakoid membrane of Synechocystis, and iv) revealing that the cyanobacterial PsbP orthologue, CyanoP, assists in the early phase of PSII biogenesis as an assembly factor facilitating the association of D2 and D1 assembly modules.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka retorik i synnerhet språkets kommunikativa egenskaper och textförfattarnas intentioner genom att fokusera på tilltal och modalhjälpverb i sverigefinska jobbannonser. Materialet består av finsk- och svenskspråkiga jobbannonser, där arbetsgivaren vill anställa en finsktalande person. Materialet har publicerats på den svenska arbetsförmedlingens hemsida och på två svenska rekryteringsbyråers hemsidor. På både svenska och finska har det offentliga språket blivit informellt. Resultatet visar att det är vanligt även i de sverigefinska jobbannonserna och att de finska jobbannonserna delvis är översättningar. Olika sätt att tilltala en annan person användes frekvent på båda språk, men eftersom konstruktionerna i den ursprungliga texten alltid delvis översätts till måltexten och svenska texter innehåller sådana former, kan översättningen leda till en generös användning av tilltalets olika former i översatta finska texter. Jobbannonser har också blivit mer krävande, vilket kan bevisas genom att användningen av modala hjälpverb ökat, men även andra sätt användes. / The purpose of the study is to explore the rhetorics of Sweden-Finnish job advertisements, the communicative features of the language and the intentions of the text producer, by concentrating on addressing and modal auxiliaries. The data consists of job advertisements written in Finnish and Swedish, where the employer was looking for a Finnish-speaking employee. These were published on the Swedish employment agency’s homepage and on two Swedish recruitment agencies’ homepages. Both Swedish and Finnish public language has become informal. It is common to address another person using the 2nd person singular pronouns. The study shows that this is usual also in Sweden Finnish job advertisements and that the Finnish job advertisements partly are translations. Different addressing forms were used frequently in both languages but because the constructions of the original text often are translated and Swedish texts include more informal addressing forms, the translation may cause a generous use of different addressing forms in the Finnish language. Job announcements have become more demanding, which can be seen in the increasing use of modal auxiliaries, even though other ways were also used.

Métodos tradicionais de seleção de portfólio de projetos tendem a privilegiar dimensões e aspectos mais relacionados ao lucro e/ou crescimento. Além dessas dimensões e aspectos, Institutos Públicos podem se orientar por aspectos de dimensões que, a exemplo da social, são menos passíveis de avaliação objetiva. Isso justifica a conveniência de instrumentos auxiliares aos processos de seleção de projetos organizados a partir de prioridades não coincidentes com aquelas que comumente orientam empresas privadas. A proposição desta tese foi sistematizar um instrumento auxiliar aos métodos de seleção de projetos de P&D em Institutos Públicos. Trata-se da sistematização de relações em algoritmo que possibilita e valoriza as manifestações de entendimentos orientados primordialmente por diferentes dimensões que fundamentam a missão institucional. O instrumento auxiliar proposto se revelou efetivo em atender as diversas dimensões que orientam um Instituto Público, e compatível com a dinâmica operacional de modelos tradicionais de seleção de projetos e de gestão de portfólio de projetos. Essa efetividade e a compatibilidade operacional foram verificadas com base em uma simulação de seleção realizada a partir de projetos já componentes do portfólio de um Instituto Público. O ranqueamento dos projetos resultou diferente daquele produzido em procedimento comumente utilizado pelo instituto. Conclui-se que, ainda que somente auxiliar aos modelos tradicionais de seleção de projetos, o instrumento proposto pode concorrer para processos de seleção que melhor considerem as múltiplas dimensões e diferentes perspectivas presentes na gestão de Institutos Públicos. / Traditional project portfolio selection methods tend to confer greater privilege to profit and/or outgrowth than to other dimensions and aspects; however, public institutes have some different dimensions, such as social development, that go beyond the economic and financial aspects to ground the institutional mission. This context is appropriate for complementary selection methods or based on different priorities from private companies methods. This thesis proposes to systematize an auxiliary instrument for R&D projects selection processes, aiming to better meet Public Institutes needs. The systematization of relations, calculated by an algorithm, enables and valorizes the manifested understanding driven by different dimensions that underlie the institutional mission. The proposed auxiliary instrument proved to be effective to better meet the diverse dimensions that drive a Public Institute, and to be fully compatible with the operational dynamics of traditional models for project selection and project portfolio management. Such effectiveness and operational compatibility were checked using a project selection simulation of projects from a Public Institute portfolio. The ranking of the portfolio resulted differently from the procedure commonly used by the Institute. In summary, although the instrument proposed is only complementary to traditional methods of project selection, it can contribute to project selection processes that better consider different perspectives and multiple dimensions that characterize Public Institutes management.

Computer simulation of electromagnetic behaviour of a device is a common practice in modern engineering. Maxwell's equations are solved on a computer with help of numerical methods. Contemporary devices constantly grow in size and complexity. Therefore, new numerical methods should be highly efficient. Many industrial and research applications of numerical methods need to account for the frequency dependent materials. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is one of the most widely adopted algorithms for the numerical solution of Maxwell's equations. A major drawback of the FDTD method is the interdependence of the spatial and temporal discretisation steps, known as the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability criterion. Due to the CFL condition the simulation of a large object with delicate geometry will require a high spatio-temporal resolution everywhere in the FDTD grid. Application of subgridding increases the efficiency of the FDTD method. Subgridding decomposes the simulation domain into several subdomains with different spatio-temporal resolutions. The research project described in this dissertation uses the Huygens Subgridding (HSG) method. The frequency dependence is included with the Auxiliary Differential Equation (ADE) approach based on the one-pole Debye relaxation model. The main contributions of this work are (i) extension of the one-dimensional (1D) frequency-dependent HSG method to three dimensions (3D), (ii) implementation of the frequency-dependent HSG method, termed the dispersive HSG, in Fortran 90, (iii) implementation of the radio environment setting from the PGM-files, (iv) simulation of the electromagnetic wave propagating from the defibrillator through the human torso and (v) analysis of the computational requirements of the dispersive HSG program.

Der Analyse liegt ein Konzept von verbaler Flexionsmorphologie zugrunde, das die diachrone Entwicklung von Flexionsmorphemen berücksichtigt. Dies wird im Makunduchi insbesondere aufgrund der häufig unscharfen Grenzziehung zwischen Auxiliarkonstruktion und Flexionsmorphemen erforderlich.

The number of electric powered sub-systems in road-vehicles is increasing fast. This development is primarily driven by the new and improved functionality that can be implemented with electro-mechanical sub-systems, but it is also necessary for the transition to electric and hybrid-electric drive trains. An electromechanical sub-system can be implemented as a physically integrated mechatronic module: controller, power electronics, electric motor, transmission and sensors, all integrated into one component. A mechatronic module, spans, as all mechatronic systems, over several closely coupled engineering disciplines: mechanics, electronics, electro-mechanics, control theory and computer science. In order to design and optimize a mechatronic system it is therefore desirable to design the system within all domains concurrently. Optimizing each domain or component separately will not result in the optimal system design. Furthermore, the very large production volumes of automotive sub-systems increase the freedom in the mechatronics design process. Instead of being limited to the selection from off-the shelf components, application specific components may be designed. The research presented in this thesis aims at development of an integrated design and optimization methodology for mechatronic modules. The target of the methodology is the conceptual design phase, where the number of design parameters is relatively small. So far, the focus has been on design methods for the electric motor and gearhead, two of the most important components in an actuation module. The thesis presents two methods for design and optimization of motor and gearhead in mechatronic applications. One discrete method, intended for the selection of off-the-shelf components, and one method mainly intended for high volume applications where new application specific components may be designed. Both methods can handle any type of load combination, which is important in mechatronic systems, where the load seldom can be classified as pure inertial or constant speed. Furthermore, design models relating spur gear weight, size and inertia to output torque and gear ratio are presented. It is shown that a gearhead has significantly lower inertia and weight than a motor. The results indicate that it almost always is favorable from a weight and size perspective to use a gearhead. A direct drive configuration may only be lighter for very high speed applications. The main contribution of this thesis is however the motor/gear ratio sizing methods that can be applied to any electromechanical actuation system that requires rotational motion. / QC 20101220

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Increased electrical activity in peripheral sensory neurons contributes to pain. A unique type of sodium current, fast resurgent current, is proposed to increase nerve activity and has been associated with pain pathologies. While sodium channel isoform Nav1.6 has been identified as the main carrier of fast resurgent currents, our understanding of how resurgent currents are modulated in sensory neurons is fairly limited. Thus the goal of this dissertation was to identify resurgent current modulators. In particular, we focused on sodium channel beta subunits (Navβs) and fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We hypothesized that Navβ4 and FHF2B act as positive regulators by mediating resurgent currents and modulating Nav1.6 inactivation, respectively. In contrast, we hypothesized FHF2A negatively regulates resurgent current by increasing the probability of channels in inactivated states. Thus, the aims of this dissertation were to 1) determine if Navβ4 regulates fast resurgent currents in DRG neurons, 2) examine the effects of Navβ4 knockdown on resurgent currents, firing frequency and pain associated behavior in an inflammatory pain model and 3) determine if FHF2A and FHF2B functionally regulate Nav1.6 currents, including resurgent currents in DRG neurons. To examine the aims, we used biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral assays. Our results suggest that Navβ4 is a positive regulator of resurgent currents: in particular, the C-terminus likely mediates these currents. Localized knockdown of Navβ4 decreased inflammation-induced enhancement of resurgent currents and neuronal excitability, and prevented the development of persistent pain associated behavior in an inflammatory pain model. FHF2B increased resurgent currents and delayed inactivation. In contrast, FHF2A limited resurgent currents; an effect that is mainly contributed by FHF2A's N-terminus activity that increased accumulation of channels in inactivated states. Interestingly, in an inflammatory pain model FHF2B was upregulated and FHFA isoforms were downregulated. Together these results suggest that FHF2A/B modulation might contribute to enhanced resurgent currents and increased neuronal excitability observed in the inflammatory pain model. Overall, our work has identified three resurgent current modulators FHF2A, FHF2B and Navβ4. Manipulation of these proteins or their activity might result in novel strategies for the study and treatment of pain.

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