近二十年來，中共對台資企業的政策演變相當複雜，從政策形成、制定、執行、評估與修訂觀看，實際上已走過一次或多次的政策循環，也歷經不同的環境、機構、決策者與政策學習。瞭解這長期的演變具有相當研究價值。但這政策研究不能只專注於負責政策制定的中央部門，而疏略實際執行地方政府的重要角色。因此，將政策佈局與實踐落腳到特定的地區與地點，可從中獲得深層的政策真相，甚或背離。 在大陸各省中，福建與台灣隔海相望關係最為密切，歸納有地緣、血緣、史緣、香火、物緣、俗緣等六大親密關係。選擇福建省作為個案研究對象，頗能突出這人文、歷史特點。從實際出發亦較之對大陸其它省份更兼具現實意義。換言之，閩台間具有這種相同或相近的人文、歷史與族際文化關係，有著長期穩定性，經得起任何環境變遷衝擊，而尋得認同與所謂「回歸」作用。而北京在規劃福建對台開放戰略的針對性，不會放過這諸因素在各方面的特殊作用。 隨兩岸關係進展，大陸改革開放的擴大與深化，閩台交往日漸頻繁，研究福建台資政策更加引起我們重視。本文結合歷史研究法與系統理論的研究架構，針對福建個案的演變進行分析，並提出一些規範性思考供參。 本文第一個研究主題，分析影響福建台資政策的長期與短期環境變數。研究發現福建台資政策發展過程與實踐與大陸政經情勢及兩岸關係發展進程密切相關，並確實體現其特殊對台關係與優勢。 本文第二個研究主題，是在探討決策者或參與者對福建台資政策之影響，並以「省領導層」為出發點，向上溯及與中共中央領導層的互動，向下伸延與所屬地方執行階層彼此關聯，針對決策互動與發展過程進行研究。研究發現政策環境、政策信仰、派系、領導特質等因素影響台資政策的發展。從長期來看，環境決定政策方向，其餘因素左右政策速度與範圍。 本文第三個研究主題，是探討福建台資政策的產出。研究發現台資政策的發展相當複雜，在福建的政策地位與重要性因時而異，從政策方向、速度、範圍、形式與群聚性，觀察政策的長期演變，發現細部政策行走軌跡並非是直線發展，它的真實面貌停停走走較接近曲折前進，並呈現階段性的盤旋。 本文第四個研究主題，剖析福建與北京在台資政策的互動與博奕關係。研究發現，其一：福建相當擔心兩岸政治角力，致北京在該省的軍事行動影響其經濟發展，以及摧毀多年辛苦建立的閩台經濟關係；其二：在涉台經濟議題上，是福建可能向北京採取遊說、蹉商、討價還價，甚至擴張或對抗的領域；其三：在福建發展台資政策的管理、服務等行政措施上，具相當決定權並能發揮政策革新的影響；其四：追求地方經濟利益培育福建滋長異於北京的政策信念，不過經濟力雖把福建推向“閩（華）南經濟圈”的地緣觀，但演進過程福建自身並未斷絕與北京的政治連結關係。 本文第五個討論主題，在說明台資企業在福建投資狀況，研究發現台資占福建利用外資的比例不低，對福建的影響已涵蓋經濟、社經體制等各層面，不只改變部分地市的經建計畫，最重要它提升福建對台工作的優勢地位，並創造向北京提建言、耍周旋的籌碼與機遇。 本文第六個主題，探討政策影響與回饋，從閩台密切經濟交流凸顯兩岸政經互動的意義，發現兩岸經濟聯繫愈密切，相互依存加深，受損性與敏感度增高，在進行政策選擇時顧慮就越多，安全係數也就相應增加。但必須說明，經濟力能降低多少兩岸政治僵局與軍事衝突，以及在何種情況下，它無法發揮調和緩衝的作用，而完全受制於政治因素，仍有待進一步研究。

Porter¡¦s (1990) Four Stages of National Competitive Development are: factor-driven, investment-driven, innovation-driven and wealth-driven. At last stage, the drivers of social development come from the desire to upgrade living quality and pursue the goal of entertainment, leisure, enjoyment, and beauty. In the background, every country begins to emphasize on knowledge economics and creative economics. As well as Taiwan, government brings up two tern plan of culture and creative industries. The first tern stresses on promoting artistic appreciation to enrich the facilities of industrial park. Next, the second tern accents on combinations from different business sectors/fields and culture clusters. Five greatest of culture and creative parks always at the stage of drawing land ownership and building hardware infrastructures in five years. Hwa Shun Cultural and Creative Industrial Park is set on the golden area in Taipei and finally bidden the fifteen-year ownership of ROT (Refurbish-Operate-Transfer) by Taiwan Culture and Creative Company and introduced to the business model. Be the first mover of culture an d creative parks in Taiwan, the experiences of Hwa Shun is definitely important no matter It would success or lose. In this essay, the writer trys to modify Porter¡¦s diamond model(1996,1999) according to the characteristic of culture and creative industries, and pick the Beijing 798 Artistic Village, and Korea Paju Bookcity plus Heiry Artistic Village as the success case to discuss the essential elements of culture and creative clusters. Finally benchmarks the key points to Hwa Shun, and discusses the role of government and the problem of promoting culture and creative industrials in Taiwan. Above all, this essay indicates the interaction between the core of creation and environment, plus the good corporate situation between creative workers and A-style talent are the most important cluster factors. To go a step further, it needs lot of fund and infrastructures to become a industry, in the meantime, how to set up a good evaluated system to inject fund into culture and creative industries through accumulated knowledge is a key point. Otherwise, mass media is other culture and creative industries¡¦ channel, it always has a long and complicated supply chain, and an integrated supply chain can reduce cost effectively and encourage knowledge circulation through cluster effect, therefore be the one that government can nurture strenuously. In demand part, this essay based on three factors of artistic appreciation including culture participation, culture opportunity, and culture consumption to analysis consumers, according to this view, mass population are easier possess capacity to be engaged in culture campaign and really result in consumption. A proper feedback system and platform would benefit cash and resources inflow and support more creative works in experiment step keep creating, and furthermore provide excellent products by means of A-style peoples¡¦ cooperation, finally gain the mass population¡¦s identification and increase culture participation and culture consumption.

儘管中國的全國發展著重在教育並嚴格實行九年義務教育法令，然而數以百萬計的中國移民孩童仍被排除在國家教育體制之外。我的論文探討中國內部由鄉村移向都市的這群移民孩童的受教權。這篇研究著重在武漢市地方政府不同政策的實施，這篇研究實地到武漢、北京進行田野研究，尤其聚焦在這群移民兒童在這兩座城市所面對的心理障礙上。 近年來，部分市政府已實行移民孩童教育體系整合的改革，而武漢市正是其中採用公共導向模型來解決此議題的城市之一。雖然這些改革在武漢市相當多數的移民者上獲得成功，然而北京市政府卻在各行政區內推動這些相關政策遭遇困難。 然而，就在北京市政府官員因懼怕更多移民人口流入北京市，而猶豫是否要將移民孩童納入公共教育的一環時，此舉卻導致對這些孩童在制度與心理上更嚴重的歧視。此篇研究認為此種歧視並邊緣化移民人口的態度會造成城鄉人口之間的衝突與仇視。相反地，長遠來看，替移民學子推行更完整且公平的社會福利政策，將能吸引並留住更多高品質的移民勞工。因此，為達到教育平等的目標，需要將其教育平等與社會發展目標相互整合 / Despite China’s national emphasis on education and the central government’s strict implementation of a 9-year compulsory education law, millions of Chinese migrant children are still excluded from the state-run education system. My thesis will examine the education rights of migrant children in China migrating from rural to urban cities; I will research the different policy implementations by the local administrations in this regard in Wuhan city, where I did a field study, and in Beijing, and will in particular focus on the psychological barriers these migrant children confront in these two cities. Recently, some city governments have implemented reforms aimed at integrating migrant children into their state-run schooling system and Wuhan is one of these cities applying the public-oriented model to deal with this issue. While these reforms have been carried out successfully in Wuhan where there is a relatively large quantity of migrants, the Beijing government has experienced difficulty to properly apply the regulations in each of the city’s administrative districts at the same level. While the Beijing city officials hesitated to include migrant children in public education with the fear of more migrants flooding into the city, this approach has led to greater discrimination against these migrant children both institutionally and psychologically. I argue in the conclusion that this attitude to marginalize the migrant populations could result in dissatisfaction and greater hostility between urban and migrant populations. On the contrary, the strategy of providing more comprehensive and equitable social benefits for migrant students attracts and retains more highly skilled migrant workers in the long term. Thus, the goal of achieving educational equity needs to be integrated with social development goals.

Over three decades of rapid economic growth in China, beginning in 1978, has been accompanied by ever-enlarging urban-rural inequalities in terms of the various aspects of income, welfare, infrastructure, medical treatment, and education (amongst others). These two parts – the urban and the rural - have long been treated separately, without much consideration being given to their mutual linkages (relations). Urban and rural development can, essentially, be interpreted as the deployment of key factors (terms of trade for agricultural products, land requisition, and labor transfer), and the supply of public goods and services (infrastructure, education, insurance, and medical care). Thus, the urban-rural inequalities experienced by China at present can be understood as the consequence of the factor flows (labor, capital, goods, information, and technology, etc.) and agglomeration between these two parts. This thesis aims to investigate urban-rural relations in China in the post-reform era, and their influences on the economic, social, and environmental development in both the urban and the rural areas. The thesis consists of five papers and the cover essay. The first two papers provide a detailed picture of urban-rural relations in China, while the other papers examine the impact of urban-rural relations in terms of population mobility, arable and built land use change, and regional economic inequality in the study area. The findings of the thesis reveal that urban-rural relations in China became gradually intensified in the post-reform era, especially when the central government initiated a shift from a situation of urban bias to comprehensive support for the rural areas. However, the mutual resource flows in the study area still tend to agglomerate in the urban districts, while only reaching the rural peripheries to a limited extent. This is demonstrated in the way in which the urban districts experienced fast and large scale demographic growth and land use change, while slow and small-scale demographic and land use change took place in the peripheries. The urban-rural interface, which is situated between the urban and rural areas, evidences medium-level resource agglomeration. This thesis, through the discussion which it sets out, emphasizes the necessity of exercising both political and market forces in order to achieve balanced urban-rural resource flows in China. Another implication for policy making is to develop more sub-centers at the peri-urban or periphery, making these areas the interface for urban-rural resource linkages. / QC 20110909

Main objective of this thesis is to examine in detail the topic of performers' intellectual property rights and their term of protection, offering an insight based both on the historical background and the current state of legal regulation (Czech, European and international). Especially, I deal with the changes resulting from implementation of Directive 2011/77/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2011 amending Directive 2006/116/EC on the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights. A significant part is also dedicated to the recently adopted Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances (2012). The introductory chapter consists of a comprehensive historical overview that covers important events and sources of law relevant to performers' intellectual property rights and their term of protection. Certain documents can be considered milestones, such as Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty and the Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances. A substantial part is also dedicated to the harmonisation of term of protection of copyright and certain related rights through European law. The second chapter gives a brief overview of the concept and...

Urban greenbelts are considered a key instrument for shaping sustainable urban growth and protecting the environment in a large number of cities in the world. In most cities, there is a widely shared belief that urban greenbelts are beneficial to the natural environment. By contrast, there is little understanding of the underlying economic impacts of greenbelts and other green space configurations in fast growing cities. The unprecedented rate and scale of urbanisation in the emerging economies has brought the role of greenbelts into an even sharper focus. In cities within these fast growing economies, the urban population is expected to double in the coming decades, which means that greenbelts are under great pressures to adapt to the large forthcoming growth. Few existing urban models are capable of addressing the dynamic nature of the urban transformations and predicting the impacts of urban greenbelts in the developing world. This prompts us to develop a new modelling method that is capable of assessing the impacts of different configurations, scales and locations of green spaces. We then use it to examine alternative futures to the greenbelt through a case study of Greater Beijing. The method we developed is a new variant in the land use-transport interaction (LUTI) model family. This model is capable of addressing the non-equilibrium nature of urban land use and transport development and the equilibrium nature of the day-to-day adaptations made by businesses and citizens. This LUTI model aims to answer the following questions: what are the short-term and long-term economic impacts of a greenbelt on a fast growing city? Which alternative green space configuration performs better in terms of economic well-being and travel costs? Where and how much should the greenbelt land be progressively reshaped or released as the city grows? The new LUTI model is calibrated and validated using data collected for 1990, 2000 and 2010 for Greater Beijing, The model is first tested retrospectively through revisiting the past greenbelt policies in Beijing from 1990 to 2010. Then the impacts of different future green space configurations from 2010 to 2030 are predicted and assessed through quantifying economic costs/benefits and travel costs for socio-economic groups. The model results suggest that under rapid transformative urban change, the configuration, scale and location of a greenbelt have a significant impact on a city’s economic efficiency. Such impacts will transcend the greenbelt boundary, and even the boundary of Beijing Municipality, onto the entire city region. A narrow greenbelt launched in the early age of urban expansion could lead to spatial mismatch of residents and jobs. A wide and strictly controlled ring-shaped greenbelt is not the highest performing intervention either, in terms of economic well-being. The green-wedges configuration is a remedial policy that balances the economic efficiency and environmental benefits. Intensive development around metro/rail stations in the designated greenbelt could reduce spatial costs and promote sustainable travel modes. This implies that a careful siting of new development within existing designations of the greenbelt can be beneficial in terms of economic well-being and sustainable transport.

Les événements futurs, non vécus et encore inconnus, s’apparentent souvent à des phénomènes insignifiables de manière rationnelle et fondée. Pourtant, les journalistes de presse écrite annoncent régulièrement dans les colonnes des quotidiens nationaux les grands rendez-vous de l’actualité à venir. Soit autant d’événements politiques, sportifs ou culturels, programmés à l’agenda médiatique, qui n’ont pas encore eu lieu. Partant de ce constat, cette thèse aborde le processus de « médiatisation anticipative » en cherchant à comprendre comment certains journalistes du Monde, du Figaro et de Libération parviennent à donner objectivement du sens aux Jeux olympiques de Pékin, plusieurs années avant leur déroulement. A partir d’une enquête qualitative et compréhensive construite à l’aide des outils théoriques de la sociologie issue de la phénoménologie, nous avons analysé les logiques sociales et cognitives qui guident les journalistes dans leur prévision de l’événement. Il en ressort que l’anticipation de ce grand rendez-vous sportif est un processus journalistique raisonné bâti sur trois schèmes entremêlés. Le premier permet de contextualiser l’événement à partir des occurrences observées dans le présent. Le second l’identifie en le confrontant à d’autres événements passés typiquement similaires. Enfin, le troisième l’interprète par la projection d’un probable devenir. / The future events, non actual and still unknown, are often similar to meaningless phenomena on a rational and well-founded way. Nevertheless, written press journalists regularly report the big current events to come in the national dailies. It means that many political, sports and cultural events, which are media scheduled, have not yet occurred. Bearing this in mind, this doctoral thesis depicts the process of " proactive mediatisation ", which aims at understanding how some journalists from Le Monde, Le Figaro and Libération objectively succeed in giving a meaning to the Beijing Olympic Games several years before their staging. A qualitative and comprehensive study, built on theoretical tools from phenomenology based sociology, has been carried out. It enables us to analyse the social and cognitive logics leading the journalists in their prediction, which reveals that the anticipation of this big sports event is the result of a argued journalistic process built on three intermingled schema. The first one contextualizes the event from cases observed in the present time. The second schema identifies this event in facing other past events typically similar. The last schema interprets the Beijing Olympic Games by forecasting a likely future.

My diploma thesis is occupied with television processing and presentation of Olympic Games. Especially, I decided to analyse the summer Olympic Games in Beijing 2008 and Rio de Janeiro 2016. Both of these Olympic Games brought the new way of television broadcasting. Thanks to the exclusive ownership of broadcasting rights and technological advances, Czech Television has decided to broadcast on both television programs on a continuous basis 48 hours a day. The first part of my diploma thesis is occupied with the history of the Olympic Games, including their ancient civilization. From ancient history we move to the nineteenth century, when Pierre Coubertin came up with the idea to refresh the Olympic idea. After the introduction of Olympic history we will also focus on the relationship between media and sports and we also introduce the roots of Czech television broadcasting. In the analytical part of my diploma thesis we will describe the ways of Czech television processing during the summer Olympic Games in Beijing and Rio de Janeiro. This description will be supported by surveys with data of television ratings and differences between researched Olympic Games. This thesis will show how television broadcasting is developing in the Czech Republic, especially during the Olympic Games, which is one of...

This text is the carefully adapted transcription of the recording of the presentation of Zheng Li and Huo Gua at the symposium in Leipzig 2014. Prof. Dr. Zheng Li read parts of her presentation in Chinese language alternating with her assistant Huo Gua, who translated into English. Only the English part is printed in this book. The title is given from the editor.

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