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The tool due diligence is used to analyze different aspects in a potential investment. Due diligence started to apply in connection to real estate investments in Sweden twenty five years ago. Gradually the connection between real estate investments and due diligence became more frequent. Today is due diligence performed ordinary in connection with real estate investments. The designated purpose with a due diligence is to analyze relevant aspects who is connected to the success of the investment. In a due diligence process several actors are involved to perform a specific due diligence. Professionals who are involved in the process can be accountants, lawyers, technical consultants with targeted knowledge of specific areas of property investments. The purpose of this study is to describe how the part who attempts to acquire a residential property applies due diligence and the expectations connected to the tool. Totally the study contains five interviews with actors who are connected to property investments. The theoretical part of the study is connected to due diligence and aspects who applies in property investments.The results of the study indicates that due diligence in connection to residential acquisition is object adapted after the properties characteristics and opportunities. The study also indicates that the due diligence isn’t a predetermined process who applies a regular pattern. Instead the process in reality is applied after the client’s preferences. / <p>Validerat; 20160621 (global_studentproject_submitter)</p>

Lantmäteriet tog beslut under 2017 att avskaffa principsamråd med Länsstyrelsen. Syftet var att korta ner handläggningstiderna och minimera antalet onödiga samråd som sker. Detta arbete har avsett att undersöka hur frekvent det sker samråd för fastighetsbildning av bostadsfastigheter inom strandskyddsområden. För att kunna undersöka detta har en kartläggning av var fastighetsbildnings har skett i Västra Götalands län för bostadsfastigheter. Arbetet har gjorts i samarbete med Plan- och bygg avdelningen på Länsstyrelsen i Västra Götalands län. Materialet som legat till grund för undersökningen är de ärenden i form av underrättelser som inkommit till denna avdelning. I undersökningen har en geografisk kartläggning skett för denna typ av förrättningar i Västra Götaland. De ärenden som berör denna typ av förrättningar har sedan granskats i syfte att undersöka hur frekvent någon typ av samråd har skett med kommunen eller Länsstyrelsen. Kartläggningen visade tyngdpunkter av var fastighetsbildning för bostadsfastigheter skett inom Västra Götalands län för 2017 års förrättningar. Undersökningen visar på att det samråddes i 31 % av fallen för bostadsfastighetsbildning inom strandskydd av ärenden av 2017 års inkomna underrättelser. Undersökningen visade också på att förrättningslantmätarna inte har motiverat strandskyddet för förrättningsåtgärden alls eller bristande i förrättningsprotokollet i 23 % av inkomna underrättelser. Resultatet visade att förrättningslantmätarna gjorde ett eget beslut i 46 % av ärenden för 2017. Resultaten av undersökningen ger en indikation om att detta är något som behöver undersökas ytterligare och öppnar upp för många nya frågeställningar som behöver besvaras. / Lantmäteriet decided during 2017 to cancel principle consultation with Länsstyrelsen (county administrative board). The goal was to shorten the time for each case and reduce the number of unnecessary consultations. The purpose of this paper was to examine how frequently consultation takes place for residential properties in areas of protection of the Swedish shoreline. To examine this subject a mapping of this type of residential properties were made for Västra Götalands län. This study has been in cooperation with Plan- och bygg avdelningen (The Department of Community Planning and Building) for county administrative board in Västa Götalands län. The data underlying this study consists of cases that have been sent to this department during 2017. In the examination of this study a mapping of this type of properties has been made. The reason for this is to examine how frequently at consultation have taken place with county administrative board or the specific county. The mapping showed that there was more of this type of cases in some parts of Västra Götalands län in 2017. The study showed that consultation took place in 31 % of the cases for this type of properties in protective shoreline areas. It also showed that in 23 % of the cases no consultation took place and/or the protection was not taken into account. The result of the study showed that cadastral surveyors decide for them self without consolation in 46 % of the cases. The study showed an indication that this subject has to be further resourced, not only in this part of Sweden but in all of Sweden.

Detta examensarbete har genomförts genom en akt- och intervjustudie där syftet varit att se hur många överstora bostadsfastigheter, som inom fem distrikt, bildats under tre år samt till vilka ändamål. / The objective of this bachelor's degree thesis is to examine the purpose for which oversized properties were created and to compare that purpose with the usage of the property today.

Twice a year, NAI Svefa publishes a report containing statistics on Sweden's real estate market.The report shows that commercial real estate on average has a clearly higher rate of returncompared to residential real estate. Risk and return have a close relationship where investorswho take a higher risk also expect a higher return. This indicates that commercial properties aremore risky to hold compared to residential properties. This paper examines the risks that cancause the difference in the yield requirement between the two property types. Six risks havebeen selected, three of which count as micro risks and three count as macro risks. The microrisks consist of financial risk, liquidity risk and business risk. The macro risks consist of cyclicalrisk, interest rate risk and political risk.The study is qualitative and includes personal interviews with eight respondents from wellestablishedSwedish real estate companies. Data collection has been done through interviewswhere respondents' responses have been compiled and then compared to each other. Theinterviews show that Swedish real estate companies agree with the reasoning between risk andreturn and that risk assessment is an important part of real estate investments.The study's results show that commercial real estate companies value financial, liquidity andbusiness risk higher than real estate companies focused on residential real estate. Interest raterisk and business risk are similarly assessed in both property types. However, the political riskis valued higher by real estate companies focused on residential real estate. The study showsthat all risks are linked, which makes it difficult to identify an individual risk that individuallycontrols the rate of return. However, after the study's implementation, the cyclical risk appearsto be the risk that has the greatest impact on the difference in the yield requirement between thetwo property types.

The real estate sector has a large impact on the economy and a significant impact on financialmarket stability. Several unique features characterize the real estate market assets; these arestable cash flow, a stable demand, and low volatility, contributing to the underlying value.However, the industry is considered illiquid due to a lack of transparency, informationasymmetry, and difficulty in quickly executing a trade. Tokenization, smart contracts, anddigital identities are some of the applications of blockchain, which are regarded to be onerevolutionary technology that has the potential to change the real estate market. However, it isnot clear how these technologies would impact real estate transaction processes in the future.Previous research has looked at the blockchain as a financial tool and how it connects to realestate as a legal instrument and a transaction market application to improve transparency andliquidity. However, the previous research has not considered the main risks and challenges witha blockchain adoption in the Swedish residential real estate market. Therefore, this thesis looksat how blockchain technology can be used in the residential real estate sector. The dissertationhas been answered through a structured qualitative study with an inductive approach. Theempirics has been gathered through a literature study, semi-structured interviews, and adocument analysis.The results illustrate that blockchain can be useful in residential real estate transactionprocedures through tokenization, storing ledger, and digital identities. Through our analysis,we could conclude that to adopt blockchain, the industry must take small steps in the directionthat the digital evolution wishes to go. It is not possible to drastically implement blockchain inthe residential real estate market, rather a successive transaction with the help of innovationsand new regulations from the authorities.The ability to store and validate data has been a primary rationale for using the technology asthe industry adjusts to conventional analog business processes that are becoming increasinglydigital. Despite that many view blockchain as a technology that quickly disrupts real estatetransaction processes, we conclude that blockchain innovation instead progressesincrementally due to many challenges and risks associated with the technology and theindustry’s conservative nature. The research contributes to a better understanding of blockchaintechnology and its possibilities and challenges in the real estate industry. / Fastighetssektorn är en sektor som har stor inverkan på ekonomisk tillväxt och betydandeinverkan på finansmarknadens stabilitet. Bostadsfastigheter har flera unika egenskaper somkännetecknar dessa tillgångar. Några av dessa är det stabila kassaflödet, en stabil efterfråganoch en låg volatilitet, vilket bidrar till det underliggande värdet. Branschen anses dock varaillikvid på grund av bristande transparens i sina transaktioner, informationsasymmetri ochsvårigheter att genomföra en snabb transaktion. Tokenisering, smarta kontrakt och digitalaidentiteter är några av tillämpningarna för blockchain, som anses vara en revolutionerandeteknik som har potential att förändra fastighetsmarknaden, men det är inte klart hur dessateknologier skulle påverka processer för fastighetstransaktioner i framtiden.Tidigare forskning har tittat på blockkedjan som ett finansiellt verktyg och hur den hjälperfastighetsmarknaden som ett juridiskt instrument, såväl som transaktionsmarknadsapplikationför att förbättra transparens och likviditet. Den tidigare forskningen har dock inte övervägtriskerna och utmaningarna med en blockchain-adoption på den svenskabostadsfastighetsmarknaden. Därför är syftet med denna uppsats att undersöka hurblockkedjeteknologi kan användas inom bostadsfastighetssektorn. Avhandlingen har besvaratsgenom en strukturerad kvalitativ studie, med ett induktivt förhållningssätt. Empirin har samlatsin genom en litteraturstudie, semistrukturerade intervjuer och en dokumentanalys.Resultaten illustrerar att blockchain kan användas i bostadsfastighetstransaktioner genomtokenisering, lagring av reskontra och digitala identiteter. Genom vår analys kunde vi draslutsatsen att en adoption av blockchain måste ta små steg i den riktning som den digitalautvecklingen vill gå. Det är inte möjligt att drastiskt implementera blockchain påbostadsfastighetsmarknaden, snarare en successiv övergång med hjälp av nya innovationer ochnya regleringar från myndigheterna.Möjligheten att lagra och validera data har varit en primär motivering för att använda teknikennär branschen anpassar sig till det faktum att konventionella analoga affärsprocesser blir alltmer digitala. Trots att många ser blockchain som en teknik som revolutionerarfastighetstransaktionsprocesser, drar vi slutsatsen att blockchain-innovationen snarare börimplementeras stegvis. Detta beror på många utmaningar och risker förknippade med tekniken,samt på grund av branschens konservativa karaktär. Forskningen bidrar till en bättre förståelseav blockkedjeteknologin, samt dess möjligheter och utmaningar inom fastighetsbranschen.