自從「部落格」被韋氏辭典選為2004最具代表性的字，部落格便不斷蓬勃發展，越來越多的部落客，由於在訊息分享及消費者購買決策有強大影響力，被讀者視為意見領袖。本研究特別著眼於美妝部落格讀者，探討其對於時下崛起部落客口碑行銷現象之態度，從部落客單純的分享，到散播電子口碑(線上口碑) ，最後演變成獎勵或有酬的部落格文章。而近年來，這樣的部落格口碑行銷手法，已引起不少關於部落客誠信及可信度的討論。 本研究採取質化及量化研究方法，第一階段與知名美妝部落客的深度訪談，提供了現今部落格口碑運作及口碑行銷的初步了解。第二階段的量化問卷調查，綜合文獻及深訪結果，探討美妝部落格讀者對於部落客可信度及購買行為的態度。本研究同時發現，讀者對於美妝部落格內容的滿意程度，也會影響其對於產品的口碑注意度、後續口碑散播意願、以及實際購買行為。 / Ever since “blog” was selected by Merriam-Webster's dictionary as the word of year 2004, the development of blogs has been prospering. More and more bloggers are viewed by blog readers as new opinion leaders on their impact of information-sharing and purchasing decision-making. This study will pay closer attention to one certain category of blog readers—the beauty blog readers and their attitudes toward the emerging phenomenon among bloggers— from simply sharing information to spreading the buzz (online word-of-mouth, or eWOM), and eventually leading to rewarded blog post with incentives. Such business behavior is conceptualized as buzz marketing, which has been arousing dilemma about blogger honesty and credibility. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be applied in this study. In first stage, in-depth interviews with well-known beauty bloggers were conducted to first provide with preliminary yet detailed understanding of how word of mouth operates and the existing buzz marketing among beauty blogs. Quantitative surveys will be designed based on the findings from first stage, and then be distributed among beauty blog readers to further examine that consumers’ attitudes toward bloggers’ credibility associate with their purchasing behavior. Likewise, consumers’ satisfaction toward blog content may influence their attention paid to WOM in blogs, willingness to conduct Word-of-mouth referrals, and actual purchasing behavior.

Guerrilla marketing is a relatively new way of doing marketing. It is initially used by small companies and/or individuals allowing them to act like large companies. However, more and more large companies use Guerrilla marketing these days. The usage of Guerrilla management can bring advantages but can also increase risks. At this moment little research is done about the way how large companies manage the reputational risk associated with Guerrilla marketing. This is a problem in both science and practise. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to contribute to the understanding of how large companies manage the possible reputational risk that Guerrilla marketing and the communication of Guerrilla marketing brings along. This research is based on several theories, both emerging and dominant about Guerrilla marketing, Viral Marketing, Buzz marketing, Reputational risk and Reputational Risk Management. To do the research, in-depth interviews were held with experts when it comes to managing reputational risk and new marketing tools of four large companies based in Sweden. The analyses show that large companies manage the increasing reputational risks in some extend. Main findings are that the companies do not monitor Guerrilla marketing processes and do not have a central coordination for reputational risk management. This shows that not all companies are really aware of the risk that new marketing tools bring along and do not have a solid reputational risk management.

Wikileaks is using the new technical solutions to mount big leaks, consisting of secret or sensitive information from the government, institutions and business. This might profoundly change the media reality and it certainly means both new opportunities and new challenges for traditional media; the conditions for the journalists, the sources and the news reporting are changing. In this thesis the relationship between Swedish journalists and Wikileaks has been the focus; they both affect each other but the conditions for this relationship is not yet clear. Clearly there is an interdependence, but who really is dependent on the other and to which degree they are dependent on each other is still a question without a given answer. The aim of this thesis has been to discern a new journalism, and how this responds to the theories of Public Journalism and Journalistik 3.0. The main aim has been to examine what Swedish journalist thinks about Wikileaks, what their attitude towards Wikileaks are,  if and how they think that Wikileaks have affected the Swedish journalism. The aim has also been to look at journalism and Wikileaks today and see if it can be said that they are influenced by Public Journalism or Journalism 3.0. To examine this a qualitative study have been used: ten journalists from four of Sweden’s largest newspapers have answered a list of questions. The answers then have been analyzed and compared to Public Journalism and Journalistik 3.0, these theories have been chosen with the help of John Pavliks thoughts about the technical development affect on journalism, and these are aslo used in the analyze. To put the analyze in context and give a understanding for why the aim of the thesis and the questions asked are relevant the first part of the thesis gives a background to journalism, the technical development and the Internet and how they have affected each other. As said this gives context to the empiric, but it is also used in the analyze and in the results, to answer the questions asked. The conclusions that could be drawn from this study is that Swedish journalists have a generally positive attitude to Wikileaks, especially concerning Wikileaks basic idea. They think it is positive that the organization is making it easier to access information that has been secret or sensitive and could help them reveal anomalies. But there is some cautions, concerning the big mass of information published and the scrutiny and screening this material is in need of, something that is expensive. The journalists do not think that Wikileaks yet have affected the journalism in any profound way; they say that the news production and the way they work still is the same. But the organization has shed light on shortcomings in how media is handling sources with digital information. Wikileaks also have caused the launch of other whistleblower-sights. In the future journalists might have a more filtering and screening role, and investigative journalism might be done from behind the desk. Special workgroups might work only with material from Wikileaks and other whistleblower-sights and cooperation between these organizations and journalists might become more frequent. Because Wikileaks allows the audience access to the source material they give the audience more power to influence the news reporting, it might also result that the source material more frequently is being published with the news articles. Regarding Public Journalism and the journalists it could be said that they, at least to some extent, have a similar view at the journalism as Public Journalism. Wikileaks can be seen as an expression of Public Journalism, as they counter too many of the ideals and cornerstones in the theory. Wikileaks also counter a lot of the characteristics found in Journalistik 3.0. According to the answers provided by the journalists it also could be said that a new journalism in large measure up to the characteristics in Journalistik 3.0.  Author: Emma Lavesson  Tutor: Anne-Marie Morhed Aim: The main aim of this thesis has been to examine what Swedish journalists think about Wikileaks, what their attitude towards Wikileaks are, if and how journalists think that Wikileaks have affected the Swedish journalism. The aim has also been to look at journalism and Wikileaks today and see if it can be said that they are influenced by Public Journalism or Journalism 3.0 Method and Material: One qualitative study has been used; a list of questions has been sent to ten different journalists from Sweden’s four biggest newspapers.  The result from this list of questions then have been analyzed and compared to Public Journalism and Journalistik 3.0, theories of the public sphere and sources access or coverage also is used in the analyze. These theories have been chosen with the help of John Pavliks thoughts about how the technical development are affecting the journalism, and his thoughts are also being used in the analyze. To put the study in context a background of journalism, the technical development and the Internet is presented, and this is also used in the analyze and the result. Main results: Swedish journalists have a generally positive attitude to Wikileaks, especially concerning Wikileaks basic idea, the organisation give the journalist easier access to information that hve been bescret or sensitive and that could help them reveal anomilies. The journalists do not think that the organization have affected the journalism in any profound way. But the organisation has shed light on shortcomings in how the media is handeling sources with digital information and caused the launch of other whistleblower-sights. In the future the journalists might have a more filtering and screening role, and investigative journalism might be done from behind the desk. Special workgroups might work only with material from Wikileaks and other whistleblower-sights and cooperation between these organizations and journalists might become more frequent. Regarding Public Journalism and the journalists it could be said that they, at least to some extent, have a similar view at the journalism as Public Journalism. Wikileaks can be seen as an expression of Public Journalism, as they counter too many of the ideals and cornerstones in the theory. Wikileaks also counter a lot of the characteristics found in Journalistik 3.0.

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There are some new challenges in system administration and design to optimize the resource management for a cloud based application. Some applications demand stringent performance requirements (e.g. delay and jitter bounds), while some applications exhibit bursty (volatile) workloads. This thesis proposes an epidemic model inspired (and continuous time Markov Chain based) framework, which can reproduce workload volatility namely the "buzz effects" (when there is a sudden increase of a content popularity) of a Video on Demand (VoD) system. Two estimation procedures (heuristic and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based approach) have also been proposed in this work to calibrate the model against workload traces. Obtained model parameters from the calibration procedures reveal some interesting property of the model. Based on numerical simulations, precisions of both procedures have been analyzed, which show that both of them perform reasonably. However, the MCMC procedure outperforms the heuristic approach. This thesis also compares the proposed model with other existing models examining the goodness-of-fit of some statistical properties of real workload traces. Finally this work suggests a probabilistic resource provisioning approach based on a Large Deviation Principle (LDP). LDP statistically characterizes the buzz effects that causeextreme workload volatility. This analysis exploits the information obtained using the LDP of the VoD system for defining resource management policies. These policies may be of some interest to all stakeholders in the emerging context of cloud networking.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att se hur två diskurser, marknadsdiskurs och skoldiskurs, konstrueras i gymnasieskolors informationstexter. Dels genom värderingar, dels genom hur eleverna framställs. Texterna är tagna från skolornas hemsidor. Jag undersöker totalt fem skoltexter samt en text från Skolverket som belyser skolan som institutions värderingar. Undersökningen utgår från Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys samt textanalys, bland annat den systemisk-funktionella grammatiken (SFG). Uppsatsen är språkvetenskaplig och utgår från det textuella. Jag utgår i min analys främst från värdeord, eller buzz words, där jag belyser positivt värderade ord i texterna. Jag utgår även från en analys av fraser samt den interpersonella analysens språkhandlingar och modalitet. Analysresultatet visar att skolornas texter präglas av en marknadsdiskurs där värdeord som ”entreprenör” och ”företag” ofta förekommer. Ett tydligt resultat är hur ord som realiserar en marknadsdiskurs betydligt oftare värderas som positiva i sig själva än ord som realiserar en skoldiskurs. Det är även tydligt att de värderingar som framkommer i skolornas texter inte återfinns i Skolverkets text. De elever som framträder i skolornas texter är oftast ambitiösa, drivna och självgående. Även om det finns vissa undantag. Uppsatsens resultat kan på ett större plan kopplas till en allmän samhällsförändring där ett marknadsspråk tar större plats inom den offentliga sektorn. För gymnasieskolorna innebär det att det målas upp en bild av en skola som finns till för elever som är högpresterande och intresserade av entreprenörskap och företagande.

This thesis deals with calculation of THD dependency on signal frequency and calculation of Rub & buzz distortion using MATLAB software. Thesis includes generation of signals suited for THD measurement, playback and recording using sound card and APx series 500 device. The APx device controlling and data acquisition by MATLAB is also addressed. Loudspeaker electric model is discussed for the use of Rub & buzz measurement.

Syfte med denna studie är att identifiera och beskriva hur företag inom business-to-businessarbetar och genererar kundupplevelser genom digital kommunikationsstrategi för att stärkakundrelationer. Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Datainsamlingen är semistruktureradeintervjuer som representerar fem olika branscher inom business-to business. Slutsats: Studien har gett insikt i hur business-to- business företag arbetar och genereradigitala kundupplevelser. Den digitala kundupplevelsen är komplex och i ständig förändringoch rörelse. Det som skapar bra kundupplevelser och engagemang idag kan vara enhygienfaktor imorgon eller helt ointressant för kunder. Det finns ingen mall för vad som ärframgångsrikt, utan varje företag behöver aktivt experimentera, observera och analysera sigfram för vad som passar deras verksamhet bäst. Vårt bidrag till forskning: Vi har bidragit med insikt och förståelse för hur företag inombusiness-to-business arbetar med den digitala närvaron för att skapa digitala kundupplevelser

Orientador: Anselmo Nogueira / Resumo: Muitas características fenotípicas das plantas mudam drasticamente ao longo do desenvolvimento vegetal e podem influenciar as interações ecológicas. Dado que existe um custo energético associado a manutenção de diferentes mutualismos, investigamos a relação entre os estádios de desenvolvimento vegetal e o estabelecimento de três mutualismos, assim como a possível interferência do mutualismo raiz-rizóbio sobre os mutualismos nectário extrafloral-formiga e flor-abelha. No campo selecionamos 30 plantas da espécie de leguminosa de Cerrado, Chamaecrista desvauxii var. latistipula, com diferentes tamanhos, de indivíduos juvenis a maiores reprodutivos, para avaliar a ocorrência e intensidade das interações mutualistas raiz-rizóbio, nectário extrafloral-formiga e flor-abelha. Em casa de vegetação montamos um experimento manipulando as bactérias do tipo rizóbio e o tipo de solo em que as plantas foram cultivadas, no qual investigamos a interferência da interação raiz-rizóbio sobre os recursos vegetais disponíveis para outros mutualismos. As plantas amostradas em campo variaram entre 4 a 1300 unidade de tamanho. A interação raiz-rizóbio e nectário extrafloral-formiga ocorreu em plantas ainda muito pequenas, enquanto a interação flor-abelha se estabeleceu em plantas maiores. A intensidade da interação teve padrão exponencial para os nódulos radiculares e visitação das abelhas, e quadrático para as formigas. Esses padrões distintos na intensidade dos mutualismos sugeriram possível interf... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Plant phenotypic traits change drastically throughout plant development and can modify ecological interactions. Whereas there is an energy cost associated with maintenance of different mutualisms on the same plant, we investigated the relationship between plant development and the establishment of multiple mutualisms. Besides, we evaluated the possible interference of the root-rhizobia mutualism on extrafloral nectary-ant and flower-bee mutualisms. In the field, we selected 30 plants of Cerrado legume species, Chamaecrista desvauxii var. latistipula, with different sizes, from juvenile to reproductive individuals, to evaluate the occurrence and intensity of root-rhizobia, extrafloral nectary-ant and flower-bee interactions. In a greenhouse, we manipulate the rhizobia bacteria and soil type, investigating the interference of root-rhizobia on plant resources available for other mutualisms. Plants sampled in field ranged from 4 to 1300 plant size. Root-rhizobia and extrafloral nectary-ant interactions occurred on tiny plants, while flower-bee interaction was established on larger plants. The strength of interactions had an exponential pattern for root nodules and bee visitation, and quadratic for ant visitation. These distinct patterns suggested a possible interference between mutualisms since the number of root nodules and the flower-bee interaction increased and the extrafloral nectary-ant interaction decreased. Moreover, in the rhizobium exclusion experiment, plants with inoc... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre