Le but de cette thèse est de caractériser ce qui se passe à la jonction entre le système linguistique et le système conceptuel de notre esprit. Nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle le système linguistique de notre esprit encode des règles permettant de manipuler directement des représentations mentales dotées d'un contenu sémantique. Après avoir examiné les propositions des formalistes du début du XXe siècle (Frege, Russell), des sémanticiens formels (Montague, Lewis) et de la pragmatique de Grice, nous développons notre propre théorie. Nous nous servons des travaux de Chomsky pour développer une théorie unifiée de l'interface langage/pensée dont nous montrons qu'elle rend compte des données neuropsychologiques concernant le traitement linguistique. Nous testons alors notre théorie en l'appliquant au problème des implicatures enchâssées et terminons en signalant ses applications possibles en TALN, à la clarification de l'hypothèse du langage de la pensée et à la distinction sémantique/pragmatique.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 400714.pdf: 628183 bytes, checksum: 856482c5538edc2abb20b4e9f0801518 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-21 / Apesar da Teoria do Caso ser um dos t?picos mais centrais da discuss?o te?rica dentro da GB (Government and Binding Reg?ncia e Liga??o) como disseram Raposo e Uriagereka (1990), esse projeto compreende uma proposta ainda in?dita, tal como: um estudo comparativo da Atribui??o de Caso para os sujeitos das Mini-ora??es Infinitivas em Ingl?s e no Portugu?s Brasileiro. Mais especificamente, ? uma investiga??o completa das rela??es das estruturas sint?ticas a respeito do Infinitivo Flexionado no Portugu?s Brasileiro e do Bare & To-Infinitives do Ingl?s, a fim de demonstrar e explicar a parametriza??o na atribui??o de Caso. Para tanto, o comportamento do NP-sujeito das Miniora??es de ambas as l?nguas foi analisado e contrastado. Devido a uma combina??o rara de valores na Gram?tica Universal, o Portugu?s Brasileiro (PB) ? deveras problem?tico para acomodar a marca??o de Caso. No entanto; a GB (Teoria da Reg?ncia e Liga??o), mais conhecida como Princ?pios e Par?metros, da conta de explicar esse fen?meno totalmente, dado as contribui??es complementares ? teoria de Chomsky.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:37:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 411524.pdf: 960738 bytes, checksum: 44d29ccd913e83ab779ef1826538e6df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-14 / Este trabalho disserta sobre a aquisi??o do Caso no portugu?s brasileiro, com base em uma pesquisa experimental feita com tr?s crian?as entre um ano e sete meses e tr?s anos de idade. Ap?s uma intensa revis?o bibliogr?fica que introduziu as ferramentas te?ricas e procurou trazer dados sobre a aquisi??o do Caso em outras l?nguas, foram descritos dois pontos de vista sobre a aquisi??o do Caso em l?ngua inglesa. O primeiro, apresentado no estudo de Schutze e Wexler (1996), relaciona a aquisi??o do Caso ao est?gio dos Infinitivos Opcionais (OI Stage); e o segundo, desenvolvido em Vainikka (1994), relaciona a aquisi??o do Caso ? aquisi??o das categorias frasais respons?veis pela atribui??o dos Casos. Os dois estudos serviram de guia para as an?lises dos dados brasileiros e possibilitaram a detec??o de um est?gio an?logo ao OI Stage que ocorre na aquisi??o do portugu?s do Brasil. Com base na an?lise dos dados infantis, sob ? luz da Teoria Gerativa de Chomsky (1957) na formula??o da Reg?ncia e Liga??o e da Teoria do Caso, foi constatado que existe uma flex?o default id?ntica ? flex?o de terceira pessoa, usada principalmente para a primeira pessoa quando o sujeito ? impl?cito. Atrav?s dos achados principais, foi poss?vel o delineio do padr?o de erro de marca??o Casual e foi tra?ado o caminho da aquisi??o dos pronomes, a come?ar pelo nominativo, no portugu?s brasileiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 439174.pdf: 133394 bytes, checksum: d72dd4f059f7c6e93fe8fac60b00e772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / This dissertation claims that embedded Inflected Infinitival Small Clauses (IISCs) in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) are not well accounted for via any Movement- Approach, such as the Movement Theory of Control (MTC), as opposed to embedded infinitives in English. The main focus for the data analysis and for corroborating this thesis under Chomsky s (2008) Feature Inheritance is Control verb complements in BP and English, which in BP are taken as full φ-CP infinitives/φ-complete infinitival CPs, characterizing an unbounded Phase, while this possibility is not available in English. This difference thus adds evidence in favor of the approach to be pursued for Brazilian IISCs to be a Non-Movement one, so that the φ-features of the embedded subject can be saturated within the embedded CP-Phase. Concerning the embedded subject within this context, this dissertation then claims that in BP it is a noun (D/NP), pronoun or a pro (not a PRO), given the status of the embedded clause as a φ-complete, hence an [+ Agr] infinitival CP-Phase. / Esta Tese defende que as senten?as encaixadas do tipo infinitivas flexionadas (Inflected Infinitival Small Clauses - IISCs) em Portugu?s Brasileiro (PB) n?o s?o tratadas de forma adequada via qualquer abordagem com base em movimento, como a Teoria de Controle via Movimento (Movement Theory of Control - MTC), ao contr?rio das mesmas infinitivas encaixadas em Ingl?s. O foco principal para an?lise dos dados e para corroborar esta Tese sob a abordagem Minimalista de Chomsky (2008), conhecida como Feature Inheritance, s?o as encaixadas infinitivas como complementos de verbos de Controle em Portugu?s Brasileiro e em Ingl?s, as quais em PB s?o consideradas como ―full φ-CP infinitives/φ-complete infinitival CPs‖, ou seja, complementos do tipo CP-completos, caracterizando uma Phase/Fase intranspon?vel, ao passo que esta possibilidade n?o est? dispon?vel em Ingl?s. Tal diferen?a, portanto, contribui para evidenciar que a abordagem adequada a ser adotada para dar conta da atribui??o de Caso do sujeito das senten?as encaixadas infinitivas flexionadas em PB ? aquela que n?o envolva movimento do sujeito da senten?a encaixada para fora do CPencaixado; ou seja, para fora da CP-Phase/Fase-CP. Uma vez n?o havendo o movimento, as features-φ (φ-features) do sujeito da senten?a infinitiva encaixada s?o saturadas dentro da Fase-CP. Dado este contexto em PB, argumento que o sujeito encaixado, uma vez realizado, seja um nome (D/NP) ou um pronome a receber Caso Nominativo. E, bem como, quando n?o realizado, seja um pro (n?o PRO) Nominativo, uma vez que o status da senten?a encaixada infinitiva flexionada em PB ? φ-completo (φ-complete); mais especificamente, uma Fase-CP [+Agr].

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Essay in Political Science, D-level, spring 2010. “Do the American mass media serve foreign policy interests? – A scrutiny of two American newspapers’ coverage of the <em>coup d’état </em>in Honduras in the summer of 2009”, Author: David Scott. Tutor: Anders Broman</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>The bias of the American mass media has been widely discussed among scholars. Not only has this phenomenon caught the attention of political scientists, but also academics from other scientific fields. Two of the most known researchers of the American media are the linguist Noam Chomsky and the professor of Finance Edward Herman. They apply, on the American media, a so called “propaganda model” which claims that the media will serve the interests of the domestic power elites. One of the interests that the media try to satisfy is the foreign policy goals of the American state, which is to vilify enemy states and idealize client states. This thesis is applied on the American media coverage of the <em>coup d’état </em>that resulted in the ousting of leftist President Manuel Zelaya from the presidency in Honduras in 2009. In this case the model predicts that Zelaya will be vilified as an enemy and that the cause of the coup will be portrayed as legitimate. The essay studies, in the newspapers <em>New York Times </em>and <em>Wall Street Journal, </em>the portraiture of three aspects of the coup: the cause of the coup, the role of the military and the victims of violence and, finally, Zelaya as a president and the support to versus the resistance against his presidency. Through a textual analysis of the material, the essay concludes that there is a bias and that this means that the propaganda model can be verified. The bias consists of that the papers tend to legitimize the clients (the perpetrators of the coup) by portraying Zelaya as violator of the Honduran constitution and as a radical leftist aligned with Venezuela’s president Hugo Chávez. The legitimization goes further through the toning down of the military’s role in the use of violence against demonstrators. Although this is the bias, it must be stressed that it is subtle and has been detected through an extensive interpretation of the material.</p>

Computer security is and will always be a critical area that affects everyone. Despite all the efforts made to build safer systems and test them, however, new vulnerabilities and vulnerabilities are still emerging and creating the impression of tilting at windmills. Partial justification of the current state, but also possible solutions, brings in many respects an extraordinary view of security through formal language theory. Emphasis should be put on a more responsible approach to the recognition and processing of inputs, which are often the gateway to many attacks. In this paper, we will get acquainted with this trend and its recommendations for development and will then introduce a new method of detecting SQL injection attacks built on its foundations.

In this thesis, I focus on the application of deep pushdown automatons in compilers, their composition in the parser, and the possibility of further recovery. Thanks to these automatons can carry out the expansion of the nonterminals in various depths and thus makes it possible to use other records of expressions.

I föreliggagande uppsats undersöks hur språksyn lyser igenom undervisningen i svenska som andraspråk i två nya upplägg i den kommunala skolan. Båda skolformerna är startgrupper för nyanlända invandrare och kallas vanligtvis för Sfi (svenska för invandrare) och IMSPR (Individuella programmet, språkintroduktion). Den förstnämnda är för vuxna och den sistnämnda för ungdomar. Utifrån en diskussion i teoriavsnittet om skillnader mellan grammatikbaserad undervisning och sociolingvistisk undervisning är uppsatsens teoretiska utgångspunkt att studera hur lärarna uppfattar sin egen undervisning. Båda inriktningarna har en sociolingvistisk prägel med funktionell språkundervisning men grammatiska och över huvud taget språksystematiska moment förekommer. I litteraturgenomgången redogörs för de uppsatser och rapporter som anses relevanta. Föregående skribenter har ett annat fokus men deras resultat är intressanta också för denna uppsats.Slutsaten i uppsatsen är att lärarna och övriga informanter på ett nytt och innovativt sätt ökar motivationen hos eleverna genom att varva praktiska och teoretiska lektioner. De exempel som undersökts visar att det går att förändra en utbildning som också den statliga utredningen om Sfi föreslog 2003 (SOU 2003:77). Ökar motivationen så ökar också studieviljan hos eleverna och om de grammatiska och språksystematiska undervisningsmomenten inte är alltför svåra kan de uppfattas både välvilligt och som viktiga av eleverna och mer hanterbara för lärarna.

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Dans ce travail, nous proposons d’interroger la notion d’innéité des facultés de l’esprit, dans l’histoire de la philosophie et dans le débat contemporain. Nous commençons par montrer que toute hypothèse concernant l’innéité des facultés de l’esprit – qu’elle soit innéiste ou empiriste – pose un problème explicatif que nous nommons le « problème de la tautologie ». C’est en dévoilant les présupposés épistémologiques de chaque hypothèse que nous révélons la présence de ce problème au sein du débat classique sur les idées innées, mais aussi au cœur du débat contemporain amorcé par les travaux en linguistique de Noam Chomsky. L’identification d’une faculté innée spécifique ou d’une capacité générale semble toujours découler de choix métaphysiques ou épistémologiques a priori. En ce sens elle n’est jamais justifiée de façon satisfaisante. C’est pourquoi, une position intermédiaire (constructiviste) apparaît plus convaincante. En outre, l’analyse des différentes définitions de l’innéité souligne la nécessité de renoncer non pas à la notion même d’innéité certains philosophes contemporains le pensent, mais à l’attribution d’un contenu a priori à l’innéité. Nous pensons que l’innéité est un terme épistémique auquel il est seulement possible d’attribuer de façon a priori un statut formel. L’innéité doit donc être redéfinie comme une condition du développement. Le terme condition permet en effet, d’une part, de souligner le statut épistémique de l’innéité qui est un terme relatif à une explication, celle du développement ; d’autre part, d’insister sur le fait que l’innéité n’est pas dénuée de consistance ontologique. Le développement cognitif n’aurait tout simplement pas lieu sans elle. Nous défendons ainsi l’idée qu’il est possible de minimiser le « problème de la tautologie » par une redéfinition de la notion d’innéité et par l’élaboration d’une méthodologie propre à établir l’innéité de certaines facultés de l’esprit sans la présupposer et qui prend en compte le développement cognitif. Pour finir, nous appliquons la méthodologie proposée à l’exemple de la faculté de langage et nous essayons de défendre une hypothèse précise concernant son innéité. / In this work, we examine the notion of innateness of faculties of mind, in the history of philosophy as well as in the contemporary debate. Firstly, we show that any hypothesis on innateness of faculties of mind – whether innatist or empiricist – raises an explanatory problem that we called “the tautology problem”. Identifying epistemological presuppositions of each hypothesis leads us to reveal the presence of this problem within both the classical debate on innate ideas and the contemporary debate on innate mind structure initiated by Chomsky’s linguistic work. Assumptions on domain-specific innate faculty or general capacity always seem to follow from a priori metaphysical or epistemological options. If so, they are not satisfactory justified. The constructivist position appears to be an intermediary relevant way, with conditions to be defined. Furthermore, analysis of different definitions of innateness reveals the necessity to renounce to attribute an a priori content to innateness (and not to renounce to the concept of innateness as some contemporary philosophers argue). We think that innateness is an epistemic term to which it is only possible to attribute a priori a formal status. We claim then that innateness must be redefined as condition of development because the term condition underlines on the one side the epistemic status of innateness, which is an explanatory-dependent term; on the other side its propensity to have an ontological plausibility: cognitive development does not occur without something innate. Thus, we advance that it is possible to minimize “the tautology problem” by redefining innateness and by elaborating a methodology capable of establishing innateness of some faculties of mind without presupposing, taking into account cognitive development. To conclude, we apply the advanced methodology to the example of the faculty of language and try to defend an assumption about its innateness.