Under senare år har ett ökande antal lärare valt att lämna sitt uppdrag i skolan (Åstrand, 2018). Det finns varierande orsaker till att skolpersonal väljer att inte stanna kvar på sin arbetsplats men en del verksamma inom skolan beskriver att det är för mycket administrativt arbete, en del anger att ansvaret har ökat och några menar att arbetsbördan i skolan har ökat. Idag uppskattas det att det saknas 60 000 behöriga lärare i svensk skolverksamhet. På en skola i södra Sverige har det varit ett stort personalskifte. Det har varit många lärare som har blivit sjukskrivna eller som har självmant valt att lämna sin arbetsplats. I en tillhörande förstudie som genomfördes under våren 2019 identifierades det att det fanns otydligheter i uppdragsbeskrivning och ansvarsfördelning.   I genomförandet av den här studien valdes det att utföra en fallstudie med abduktiv ansats för att utreda möjliga bakomliggande problem som tidigare nämnts på den sydsvenska skolan. Utgångspunkten i studien var att presentera olika faktorer som påverkar och främjar lärarnas uppdrag. Syftet med uppsatsen var att identifiera och kartlägga faktorer som kan skapa uppdrags- och ansvarsförståelse i skolorganisationen. Som stöd har följande frågeställning använts: Vilka faktorer hindrar lärarnas uppdrag- och ansvarsförståelse? och Vilka är de faktorer som skapar uppdrags- och ansvarsförståelse?. För att förstå hur lärarna arbetar i sin yrkesvardag och upptäcka möjliga faktorer som påverkar lärarnas uppdrag har författaren studerat teori som tidigare forskning tagit fram. Datainsamlingen har bestått av kvalitativa datainsamlingsmetoder som observationer på lärarna med ett utformat observationsschema samt enskilda intervjuer med dem. I resultatet avsnittet presenterats resultatet av observationsschemat samt lärarnas utsagor.  Vilka faktorer som hindrar lärarna var (1) Digitaliserad kommunikation, (2) Förtroende och uppriktighet mellan personalen, (3) Brist på kollegialt samarbete, (4) Mötets agenda som tog tid från lärarnas arbete, (5) Avsaknad av ledarskap och (6) Lärarnas arbetsmetoder. De faktorer som skapar uppdrags- och ansvarsförståelse var (1) Lärarna förstår sitt uppdrag, (2) Mötesstrukturerna i form av en bestämd dag och klockslag i veckan, (3) Motivationen och engagemanget lärarna har för sitt yrke samt (4) Viljan att samarbeta mellan lärarna.  För att skapa fler förutsättningar till uppdrags- och ansvarsförståelse presenterades det en PGSL för fortsatt förbättringsarbete på skolan. / During the last couple of years, an increasing number of teachers have chosen to leave their profession in the world of teaching. There a number of reasons as to why teachers are leaving their current employment; some teachers describe their administrative workload being overwhelming whilst others state that the general responsibility at the workplace has increased. In addition, some teachers declare that the general workload also has increased. Nowadays there is a lack of educated teachers, approximately around 60 000 vacant posts need to be filled in the Swedish school-system. In a school, located in the south of Sweden, there has been a large shift of employees. There has been a large number of teachers, who have been on sick leave or left their employment voluntarily. In a pre-study, made in the spring of 2019, which this essay is based on, ambiguities were identified in regard to the job description and the division of responsibility, in the teaching profession. In order to carry out the study of this essay, a case study with an abductive approach was chosen to investigate the factors behind the problems previously mentioned, in the previously mentioned a south-Swedish school. The premise of the study was to present different factors which influence and support the teachers’ mission. The intention of the essay was to identify and map factors which can promote mission- and responsibility-comprehension in the school.  To enable the essay and the study, the following questions were used: Which factors are hindering the teachers’ mission- and responsibility comprehension? and Which factors create mission- and responsibility comprehension?. To understand the teachers’ challenges in everyday tasks and discover possible factors that are influencing the teachers’ mission, the author of the essay has studied results which previous research has produced. The collection of data is a qualitative data collection method consisting of observations of teachers as well as individual with the teachers. In chapter 4, results, the results of the observation-schedule and the teachers’ dictums are presented. The factors which obstructed the teachers in their daily work were (1) Digitalized communication, (2) Confidence and honesty between staff, (3) Lack of cooperation between colleagues, (4) The meeting’s agenda, which took time from the teachers’ work, (5) The lack of leadership and (6) The teachers’ working methods. The factors which promoted mission- and responsibility comprehension were (1) The teachers’ comprehension of their mission, (2) The structure of the meetings, in the shape of a scheduled day and time for the meeting, (3) The motivation and dedication the teachers feel for their job as well as (4) The willingness to cooperate between teachers. To create better opportunities for mission- and responsibility comprehension, a PDSA-cycle was presented for the continuation of the work improvement for the school.

Organisationer är beroende av medarbetarnas unika kunskap vilket även har kommit att betraktas som den viktigaste strategiska resursen. Kunskap är även betydelsefullt för organisationers framgång och konkurrenskraftighet. För att bibehålla konkurrensfördelar är det av vikt att skapa framgångsrika lärtillfällen som främjar både individuellt och kollektivt lärande. Den här undersökningen syftar till att beskriva och analysera hur kollektivt lärande uppstår samt ledarskapets betydelse för det kollektiva lärandet. Den teoretiska referensramen utgår från teorier om vilka förutsättningar som behövs för ett kollektivt lärande samt ledarskapets betydelse. Undersökningens empiri har inhämtats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre medarbetare och tre ledare på en utvecklingsavdelning vid en statlig myndighet i Mellansverige. Undersökningens resultat har analyserats mot de teoretiska utgångspunkterna. Undersökningens slutsatser är att kollektivt lärande har potential att uppstå genom dialog och reflektion i gruppmöten, genom nära relationer och via digital dokumentation. De aktiviteter som ledare skapar som har potential för kollektivt lärande är; planerade aktiviteter som avdelningsdagar som möjliggör gemensamma övningar, kunskapsforum och gemensamma luncher. Vidare skapar ledare förutsättningar genom att bygga relationer till sina medarbetare och uppmuntra medarbetarna till samarbete genom att ange samarbete som ett lönekriterium. / Organizations are dependent on the employees' unique knowledge, which has come to be regarded as the most important strategic resource. Knowledge is also important for organizations' success and competitiveness. To maintain competitive advantage, it is important to create successful learning opportunities that encourage both individual and collective learning. This study aims to describe and analyse how collective learning arises and the importance of leadership for collective learning. The theoretical frame is based on theories about what prerequisites are required for collective learning and the importance of leadership. The survey's empirical data has been obtained through semi-structured interviews with three employees and three leaders at a development department at a government agency in central Sweden. The study's results have been analysed in relation to the theoretical frame. The study's conclusions are that collective learning has the potential to arise through dialogue and reflection in group meetings, through close relationships and via digital documentation. The activities that leaders create and have the potential for collective learning are; planned activities such as departmental days that enable joint exercises, knowledge forums and common lunches. Furthermore, leaders create the prerequisites by building relationships with their employees and encouraging employees to collaborate by stating cooperation as a pay criterion.

Depuis la libéralisation économique, les pôles de croissance construits sous la tutelle de l’État ont connu des transformations institutionnelles et organisationnelles majeures dans les pays centralement planifiés. Les nouvelles formes d’organisation industrielle, qui sont à l’origine de ces transformations, donnent la priorité aux logiques territoriales. Les économies locales, sous-estimées pendant l’économie centralement planifiée, sont devenues des espaces prioritaires d’application de la politique économique. Dans ce contexte, les travaux sur les districts industriels, les milieux innovateurs, les clusters retrouvent un regain d’intérêt. En revanche, la question de la reconversion des pôles de croissance par la libéralisation économique demeure nettement peu explorée en termes d’impact sur le développement de l’innovation dans les ex-pays centralement planifiés. L’impact de la libéralisation économique des pays centralement planifiés se manifeste par les nouvelles pratiques de coopération, du partage et des actions collectives s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la « nouvelle » économie de marché. La convergence des intérêts publics et privés qui en découlent et l’émergence de l’apprentissage collectif jouent un rôle essentiel pour le développement de l’innovation. Les études théoriques sur les pôles de croissance ne prennent pas en considération ces transformations, elles restent concentrées sur le rôle des industries motrices qui sont capables d’entraîner les autres composantes du système productif grâce à leur dimension ou à la productivité. Pourtant, la réalité économique approuve que les pôles de croissance se soient transformés en appuyant sur l’articulation entre les différents acteurs de proximité, des ressources spécifiques locales, des rapports développés sur le marché et hors marché et la mise en place de l’innovation. Pour décrire les capacités innovantes des acteurs locaux, nous proposons un concept du système d’innovation territorialisé. À partir de cette analyse découle l’intérêt de cibler l’étude sur un pôle de croissance en particulier. L’histoire économique, la mise en place de la nouvelle politique économique locale (après 1989), les choix des autorités locales, la croissance notable bien qu’émergente du secteur de haute technologie et l’absence d’étude antérieure sur cette question sont autant de facteurs qui font de la région de Gdansk un cas intéressant pour analyser dans quelle mesure la libéralisation économique a été une incitation au développement de l’innovation sur son territoire. À cet effet, nous analysons le potentiel de l’innovation de la région de Gdansk qui se forge au cours de l’instauration de l’économie de marché en Pologne, d’abord à travers une analyse statistique de l’économie de Gdansk depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour donner un aperçu sur l’ensemble des conditions initiales. Puis, à travers l’étude des données des enquêtes réalisées par le bureau statistique national (GUS) que nous mobilisons pour compléter notre analyse et présenter le potentiel de l’innovation de la région de Gdansk. À l’issue de l’analyse empirique découle que la libéralisation a contribué au développement de l’innovation dans la région de Gdansk en favorisant d’abord, l’accumulation des actifs secondaires, ensuite, l’amélioration de son potentiel scientifique et technique et afin d’encourager l’émergence des entreprises innovantes. Ces dernières sont issues d’un processus de destruction créatrice qui a permis le renouveau du tissu productif local. L’ensemble des résultats permet d’approuver que la région de Gdansk au cours de sa reconversion a subi des changements institutionnels, économiques et sociaux qui l’ont transformé en système d’innovation territorialisé. Ce système est le résultat de l’articulation entre l’action des autorités locales et les activités des acteurs privés susceptibles d’innover. / Since economic liberalization, growth poles constructed under the State’s supervision have seen major institutional and organizational changes in the centrally planned economies. New forms of industrial organization that are responsible for these changes, gives priority to the territorial logic. The local economy which was underestimated during the centrally planned economies has become a main area for the application of the economic policy. In this context, scientific studies on industrial districts, innovative milieus, clusters, have won a new revival. However, the question of the conversion of growth poles through economic liberalization remains substantially unexplored in terms of the impact on the development of innovation in the former centrally planned countries. The impact of economic liberalization in the centrally planned countries is manifested by the new practices of cooperation, sharing and collective actions in the context of the "new" market economy. The resulting convergence and emergence of collective learning public and private interests play an essential role in the development of innovation. Theoretical studies on growth poles do not take into account these changes; they only focus on the role of the main industries that are able to lead the rest of the components of the production system due to their size or productivity. However, the economic reality that supports growth poles have become based on the relationship between the different actors of proximity, specific local resources, relationships developed within and outside market and implementation of innovation. To describe the innovative capacity of local actors we propose a concept of regionalized innovation system. From this analysis comes the interest of the study focus on a singular growth pole in particular. Its economic history, the establishment of new local economic policy (after1989), the choice of local authorities, the significant growth (still emergent though) of high-tech sector and the absence of previous research on this issue, are as many factors that make the Gdansk region an interesting case study of how economic liberalization has been an incentive for the development of innovation in its territory. For this purpose, we analyze the potential of innovation in the area of Gdansk that is forged during the introduction of the market economy in Poland. First, we proceed through a statistical analysis of the economy of Gdansk since the end of the Second World War to give an overview of the set of initial conditions taken in this context. Then, we study the data issued from the surveys conducted by the National Statistical Office (GUS) in order to complete our analysis and present the potential for innovation in the area of Gdansk. The empirical analysis shows that liberalization has contributed to the development of innovation in the Gdansk region: first, by promoting the accumulation of secondary assets and second, by improving its scientific and technical potential and encouraging the emergence of innovative companies. These are derived from a process of creative destruction that has led to the revival of local production. The overall results reveal that the conversion of the Gdansk region has been associated to sustained institutional, economic and social changes that have transformed into a regionalized innovation system. This system is the result of a joint action between the local authorities and the activities of private actors likely to innovate. With this transformation the Gdansk region is still one of the poles of growth of the Polish economy based not only on its industrial potential inherited from the past but also on its potential of innovation mainly related to the development of activities of higher added value.

Esta pesquisa investiga as possibilidades de iniciação aos instrumentos de cordas dedilhadas por meio da improvisação livre. Ela divide-se em três partes: fundamentação teórica, oficinas de improvisação livre e elaboração de um caderno de iniciação. A reflexão teórica tem como principais referências, as pesquisas de Rogério L. M. Costa e H. J. Koellreutter a cerca da Improvisação Livre, e as investigações de Flávia M. Cruvinel sobre o Ensino Coletivo de Instrumentos Musicais. Os diversos tipos de gestos musicais são descritos com enfoque no gesto instrumental, termo adotado na pesquisa para representar os elementos da técnica instrumental. Os gestos instrumentais foram selecionados através de seis oficinas de improvisação livre realizadas nos Conservatórios Estaduais de Música do Triângulo Mineiro, onde se procurou uma forma de registro gráfico musical que favorecesse a prática da improvisação livre e colaborasse no desenvolvimento de um caderno de iniciação aos instrumentos de cordas dedilhadas. Esta nova proposta de iniciação instrumental divide-se em seis partes através da sugestão de roteiros para improvisação livre, grafados de forma não tradicional, com o objetivo de estimular a exploração sonora e timbrística em sintonia com a música da contemporaneidade. Através da criação, da liberdade gestual e da expansão da escuta, permite ao aprendiz desenvolver habilidades instrumentais e musicais para a criação de seu próprio repertório, de acordo com sua identidade, sua biografia, sua experiência de vida. / This research investigates the possibilities of initiation to plucked strings instruments through free improvisation. It is divided into three parts: theoretical foundation, free improvisation workshops and notebook initiation. The theoretical reflection has as main references the research of Rogério L. M. Costa and H. J. Koellreutter about Free Improvisation and Flávia M. Cruvinel investigations on Collective Teaching of Musical Instruments. The various kinds of musical gestures are described focusing on instrumental gesture, term adopted in the research to represent the elements of instrumental technique. The instrumental gestures were selected during six free improvisation workshops held in music conservatories in the state of Minas Gerais, where he sought a form of musical graphic record favoring the practice of free improvisation and collaborate into the development of a notebook initiation to plucked strings instruments. This new instrumental initiation proposal is divided into six parts that suggest a guide for free improvisation, written in a nontraditional way, with the aim of stimulating sound and timbre exploration combined with the contemporary music. Through the creation of the gestural freedom and the expansion of listening abilities, it seems likely that could develop musical and instrumental skills to create his/her own repertoire, according to his identity, his biography and life experience.

Esta pesquisa investiga as possibilidades de iniciação aos instrumentos de cordas dedilhadas por meio da improvisação livre. Ela divide-se em três partes: fundamentação teórica, oficinas de improvisação livre e elaboração de um caderno de iniciação. A reflexão teórica tem como principais referências, as pesquisas de Rogério L. M. Costa e H. J. Koellreutter a cerca da Improvisação Livre, e as investigações de Flávia M. Cruvinel sobre o Ensino Coletivo de Instrumentos Musicais. Os diversos tipos de gestos musicais são descritos com enfoque no gesto instrumental, termo adotado na pesquisa para representar os elementos da técnica instrumental. Os gestos instrumentais foram selecionados através de seis oficinas de improvisação livre realizadas nos Conservatórios Estaduais de Música do Triângulo Mineiro, onde se procurou uma forma de registro gráfico musical que favorecesse a prática da improvisação livre e colaborasse no desenvolvimento de um caderno de iniciação aos instrumentos de cordas dedilhadas. Esta nova proposta de iniciação instrumental divide-se em seis partes através da sugestão de roteiros para improvisação livre, grafados de forma não tradicional, com o objetivo de estimular a exploração sonora e timbrística em sintonia com a música da contemporaneidade. Através da criação, da liberdade gestual e da expansão da escuta, permite ao aprendiz desenvolver habilidades instrumentais e musicais para a criação de seu próprio repertório, de acordo com sua identidade, sua biografia, sua experiência de vida. / This research investigates the possibilities of initiation to plucked strings instruments through free improvisation. It is divided into three parts: theoretical foundation, free improvisation workshops and notebook initiation. The theoretical reflection has as main references the research of Rogério L. M. Costa and H. J. Koellreutter about Free Improvisation and Flávia M. Cruvinel investigations on Collective Teaching of Musical Instruments. The various kinds of musical gestures are described focusing on instrumental gesture, term adopted in the research to represent the elements of instrumental technique. The instrumental gestures were selected during six free improvisation workshops held in music conservatories in the state of Minas Gerais, where he sought a form of musical graphic record favoring the practice of free improvisation and collaborate into the development of a notebook initiation to plucked strings instruments. This new instrumental initiation proposal is divided into six parts that suggest a guide for free improvisation, written in a nontraditional way, with the aim of stimulating sound and timbre exploration combined with the contemporary music. Through the creation of the gestural freedom and the expansion of listening abilities, it seems likely that could develop musical and instrumental skills to create his/her own repertoire, according to his identity, his biography and life experience.

I orkestermiljön blir det livslånga lärandet konkretiserat då varje arbetsvecka innebär instudering av ett nytt konsertprogram med därpå följande konsert. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva individuella instuderingsstrategier liksom det kollektiva, samtidiga, musikaliska lärandet hos erfarna orkestermusiker i ”den tredje åldern”; mellan 50 och 65 år. Sju orkestermusiker intervjuades. Alla respondenterna berättade om glädjen i att vara en del av det musikaliska sammanhanget. Det framkom att vissa arbetsmetoder förändrats över tid som ett resultat av erfarenhet, men också till följd av kroppsligt och mentalt slitage. Berättelserna klargjorde svårigheten att verbalt beskriva inlärningsprocessen liksom att särskilja ett individuellt lärande från ett kollektivt lärande. Individen är en del av kontextens ständigt ackumulerande kunskapstradition. Med hjälp av ett kulturpsykologiskt och ett sociokulturellt perspektiv som uppsatsens teoretiska ansats kunde den väv av interaktioner, samspel och lärande som pågår i den specifika kontexten tydliggöras. Studien innehöll även frågor om hur orkestermusikerna önskade upprätthålla bästa möjliga spelkondition under hela yrkeslivet. Respondenternas berättelser visade hur tankar om kollektivets utveckling helt dominerar över tankar om individens eget kompetensbevarande. Ett viktigt bidrag med denna uppsats blir därför att väcka diskussion om en plan för ”restaurering” av orkestermusiker i ”den tredje åldern”. / In the environment of the orchestra life-long learning is concretized when each working week means the study of a new concert program and the following concert. The purpose of this paper is to describe individual strategies for study as well as the collective, simultaneous, musical learning by experienced orchestra musicians in “the third age”; those between 50 and 65 years. Seven interviews with orchestra musicians were held. All respondents told about the joy of being part of the musical context. It was obvious that some working methods had changed over time as a result of experience, but also because of physical and mental wear. The narratives made clear the difficulty to verbally explain the learning process, and to differentiate between individual and collective learning. The individual is part of a process of a perpetually accumulating tradition of knowledge. Using a culture-psychological and a socio-cultural perspective as the theoretical approach of the paper, the web of interactions, ensemble, and learning which occurs in the specific context could be made visible. The study also included questions about how orchestra musicians tried to maintain the best possible competence during their entire careers. The respondents ́ stories clarified how thoughts about the development of the collective dominate over thoughts about maintaining the competence of the individual. An important contribution of this study is therefore to initiate a discussion about a plan for “restoring” orchestra musicians in “the third age”.

Denna avhandling inom arbetslivspedagogik syftar till att bidra med kunskap om villkor för gemensamma lärprocesser då ny kunskap utvecklas i en traditionstung kontext. Studien handlar om en grupp psykoanalytiker som utvecklar en ny behandlingsmetod, sk. spädbarnsanalys, för att arbeta med spädbarn och deras föräldrar. Studien handlar om professionella yrkesutövare i privat praktik, där verksamheten är av sådan art att de professionella aktörerna inte kan se varandra i handling, något som tidigare studier funnit vara av betydelse för kollektivt lärande. I avhandlingen studeras villkor för lärprocesser med en konstruktivistisk och handlingsteoretisk utgångspunkt, en utgångspunkt är också att den kontext lärandet sker inom är central för de lärprocesser som uppstår. Detta är en fallstudie och det empiriska materialet har samlats in mellan 2006 och 2012 och består främst av 17 transkriberade kvalitativa intervjuer med psykoanalytiker med spädbarnsinriktning, alla tillhörande samma grupp. Starka traditioner förs vidare inom den psykoanalytiska miljön genom en lång och formande utbildning. I arbetet med att utveckla en metod för att arbeta med spädbarn uppstår en spänning mellan det traditionstunga och det nydanande som får betydelse för gemensamma lärprocesser. Gruppen genomgår fyra olika faser, i vilka villkoren för lärande skiljer sig åt. De enskilda erfarenheterna av att arbeta kliniskt med metoden skaver mot vad man till en början tänkt sig att metoden ska innebära. I ett gemensamt sammanhang diskuteras och förändras successivt synen på olika aspekter av metoden: hur man ska fokusera i den kliniska verksamheten, vilken frekvens behandlingen ska ha och hur man förhåller sig till att vara rådgivande. Förstahandsarena respektive andrahandsarena föreslås som begrepp för att förstå relationen mellan den kliniska verksamheten (förstahandsarenan) och seminariearenan (andrahandsarenan). Då metoden får olika mening och innebörd på förstahands- och andrahandsarenan leder det till att dilemman uppstår som behöver hanteras och som triggar igång lärprocesser. Kollektiva lärprocesser bidrar till att metoden och sättet att arbeta utvecklas. / This thesis on working life education aims to contribute knowledge about the conditions for shared learning processes when new knowledge is developed in a tradition-laden context. The study is about a group of psychoanalysts who are developing a new treatment method, “infant psychoanalysis”, for working with infants and their parents. It deals with professionals in private practice, where the professionals involved are unable to see one another in action, an aspect which previous studies have found to be of significance for collective learning. The thesis examines the conditions for learning processes from a constructivist and action theory perspective. The context in which the learning takes place is seen as central to the learning processes that arise. This is a case study; the empirical material has been gathered over the period 2006 to 2012 consisting primarily of 17 transcribed qualitative interviews with psychoanalysts specializing in infant psychoanalysis. Strong traditions are passed down in the psychoanalytical environment. In developing a method of working with infants there is a tension between tradition and recreation which affects shared learning processes. The group undergoes four phases, each with different conditions for learning. The individual experiences of working clinically with the method are at times dissonant with initial preconceptions of the method. In the shared context, the views of different aspects of the method are successively discussed and changed: how to focus in clinical practice, what the frequency of the treatment should be and what approach to take. “Primary arena” and “secondary arena” are proposed as concepts to understand the relationship between the clinical practice (primary arena) and the seminar arena (secondary arena). The method has different meaning in the primary and secondary arenas, which causes dilemmas that triggers learning processes. Collective learning processes enable the development of the method.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-05-24T12:56:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1826709 bytes, checksum: 283b05e2aea81c893ce4498a8523b003 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T12:56:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 1826709 bytes, checksum: 283b05e2aea81c893ce4498a8523b003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 / This study assumes as object the formative project of intelligent collectives in the contemporary Space of Knowledge, based on the concepts of communicative reason and collective intelligence. In compliance with this referential of rationality, it is based on the Theory of Communicative Action (TCA), following the emancipatory illuminist standard projected in the theory of collective intelligence. It contextualizes the virtual horizons of open learning in the course of the contemporary revolution of computer and telematics systems and the advent of cyberspace in the interim of the XX and XXI centuries AD, as well as the systemic mechanisms that, infiltrated in the interactive networks of this great world cyber life, awaken the formation of intelligent collectives in favor of the promotion of intelligently managed collectives. The objective was to understand the formation of intelligent collectives based on rationally motivated cooperative learning, following the thesis that communicative reason foments cooperative learning processes capable of forming intelligent groups in the Knowledge Space. Inspired by the hermeneutical method, the interpretative view of the object of this study proposes a comprehensive posture of the phenomenon of learning in the universal field – but no totalizable – of cyberspace, privileged locus of the global entanglement of the subjects of the Knowledge Space. In this sense, the construction of the thesis and the steps of his analysis demand the hermeneutical pretension to understand – in the light of the TCA - the guiding principles of reason communicative consistent/propitious to promote the learning cooperatives and collective intelligent, who are at the base of the concept of collective intelligence. Ascertaining the possibility of rationality promoting the development of a culture of cooperative learning and the consequent formation of intelligent collectives in the environments of the Knowledge Space, concludes that the formation of intelligent collectives in cybernetic environments (capable of optimizing the potential of collective intelligence in the Space of Knowledge) passes through the rationalization of communicative in the context of the world of cyberspace life. Appears, therefore, the communicative rationality as a privileged referential to promote intelligent collectives in the Space of Knowledge, especially because its can transform the cyberspacial universe in a world of life emancipated (free of performances noninteractive by subject and systemic instances) and fruitful to the cooperative learning because entangled by competent subjects to speak and act ethically in their interactions, challenging utopia whose “non-place” is a distinct conditioner for our social evolution. / Este estudo assume como objeto o projeto formativo de coletivos inteligentes no contemporâneo Espaço do Saber, fundamentando-se nos conceitos de razão comunicativa e inteligência coletiva. Em observância a esse referencial de racionalidade, baseia-se na Teoria do Agir Comunicativo (TAC), seguindo o lastro emancipatório iluminista projetado na teoria da inteligência coletiva. Contextualiza os horizontes virtuais de aprendizagem abertos na esteira da revolução contemporânea dos sistemas informáticos e telemáticos e do advento do ciberespaço, no ínterim dos séculos XX e XXI d. C., como também os mecanismos sistêmicos que, infiltrados nas redes interativas desse grande mundo da vida ciber, preterem a formação de coletivos inteligentes em favor da promoção de coletivos inteligentemente administrados. Objetivou compreender a formação de coletivos inteligentes a partir de aprendizagens cooperativas racionalmente motivadas, seguindo a tese de que a razão comunicativa fomenta processos cooperativos de aprendizagem capazes de formar coletivos inteligentes no Espaço do Saber. Inspirado no método hermenêutico, o olhar interpretativo do objeto deste estudo propõe uma postura compreensiva do fenômeno da aprendizagem no campo universal – mas intotalizável – do ciberespaço, lócus privilegiado do enredamento global dos sujeitos do Espaço do Saber. Nesse sentido, a construção da tese e suas etapas de análise reclamam a pretensão hermenêutica de compreender – à luz da TAC – os princípios norteadores da razão comunicativa coerentes/propícios à promoção de aprendizagens cooperativas e coletivos inteligentes, que estão na base do conceito de inteligência coletiva. Averiguando a possibilidade de fomentarmos racionalmente o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de aprendizagens cooperativas e a consequente formação de coletivos inteligentes nos ambientes cibernéticos do Espaço do Saber, conclui que a formação de coletivos inteligentes (capazes de otimizar o potencial de inteligência coletiva disposto no Espaço do Saber) passa pela racionalização da comunicação no contexto do mundo da vida ciberespacial. Aponta, pois, a racionalidade comunicativa como um referencial privilegiado para fomentar coletivos inteligentes no Espaço do Saber, especialmente porque ela pode transformar o universo ciberespacial num mundo da vida emancipado (livre de atuações não-interativas por parte de sujeitos e instâncias sistêmicas) e fecundo a aprendizagens cooperativas, porque enredado por sujeitos competentes para falar e agir eticamente em suas interações, desafiadora utopia cujo “não-lugar” é um distinto condicionante para nossa evolução social. Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem cooperativa. Coletivos inteligentes. Espaço do Saber. Inteligência coletiva. Racionalidade comunicativa.

Esta investigação trata de um estudo de caso sobre as aprendizagens do Comitê Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento de Coleções (CBDC), no período de 2010 a 2016. Como tema, a pesquisa foca em “como são evidenciadas as aprendizagens individuais e coletivas do CBDC observadas na sua trajetória histórica”, no período de 2010 a 2016. O estudo se deu sobre a percepção dos membros da coordenação da gestão 2014-2016. O objetivo foi proposto analisar as evidências de aprendizagens individual e coletiva a partir da trajetória histórica do CBDC, segundo a percepção dos membros da coordenação. A metodologia empregada foi coleta de dados por meio de pesquisa documental, entrevistas em profundidade e diário de campo. O método de análise foi realizado com base nas memórias dos membros da coordenação sobre a criação do CBDC e sua trajetória até do ano de 2016. Foi analisado como ocorreu a aprendizagem individual e coletiva a partir da percepção dos membros da coordenação, as mudanças nos processos de desenvolvimento de coleções e identificados elementos facilitadores e dificultadores de aprendizagem individual e coletiva dos membros do CBDC. Os dados obtidos ajudaram a identificar as aprendizagens e o que vem facilitando e dificultando esse processo. Concluiu-se que o CBDC precisa de um canal de comunicação, armazenagem de documento e informações mais efetivo, pois hoje, por causa da dispersão geográfica entre os membros, há uma dificuldade de contato entre os membros, busca e armazenagem de informação e conhecimento gerado no comitê. Como produto técnico deste mestrado foi desenvolvido um espaço virtual de memória para o CBDC com a finalidade de solucionar as dificuldades que o comitê vem enfrentando. / This research deals with a case study on the learning of the Brazilian Committee for the Development of Collections (CBDC), from 2010 to 2016. As a theme, the research focuses on "how the CBDC individual and collective learning observed in Historical trajectory "in the period from 2010 to 2016. The study was based on the perception of the members of the 2014-2016 management coordination. The objective was to analyze the evidence of individual and collective learning from the historical trajectory of the CBDC, according to the perception of the members of the coordination. The methodology used was data collection through documentary research, in-depth interviews and field diary. The analysis was based on the memoirs of the members of the coordination on the creation of the CBDC and its trajectory until the year 2016. It was analyzed how the individual and collective learning occurred from the perception of the members of the coordination, the changes in the development processes Of collections and identified elements that facilitate and impede the individual and collective learning of CBDC members. The data obtained helped to identify the learning and what has been facilitating and making this process difficult. It was concluded that the CBDC needs a more effective communication, document storage and information channel. Because today, because of the geographic dispersion between members, there is a difficulty of contact between the members, search and storage of information and knowledge generated in the committee. As a product of this master's degree, it was a virtual memory space for the CBDC in order to solve the difficulties that the committee has been facing.

Submitted by Márcio Maia (marciokjmaia@gmail.com) on 2016-08-26T00:01:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1075692 bytes, checksum: e3eb631e44e4ffee1440da294f7a9c83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-26T00:01:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1075692 bytes, checksum: e3eb631e44e4ffee1440da294f7a9c83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-30 / In the process of consolidation of democracy, many channels have emerged in other to establish a culture of participation of the civil society into management and awareness towards decisions taken about public policy, and among these channels, we may call attention to the Public Policy Management Councils. The presence of these councils points out to a perspective of democracy which cannot be thought without the direct participation of society, leading, in this sense, to the social policies as an action that represents far more than government, public action is expressed as a result of the meeting of the governmental sphere of civil society. It is in this field that the present research is based on, which objective is to demonstrate the educative process that is aligned to the Management Councils, identifying that the social dialogue, established in these Councils, cannot be possible without a process of collective learning. In this sense, the study focused on the Management Councils of Public Policy for Employment, Labor and Income, trying to identify the operation of the elements of this educational process, from the speeches of members, the State Councils of Labor of Alagoas, Sergipe and Bahia, the Municipal Employment Salvador, and Minutes of the Council of State of Alagoas. The process of research showed us that, while these show councils, in practice, the possibility of a State which meeting from Civil Society and Government, as Gramsci understood, also shows evidence of a perspective State that reveals itself in an educational process of learning arising from this meeting, a State focused on education. / No processo de consolidação da democracia, vários canais têm surgido no sentido do estabelecimento de uma cultura de participação da sociedade civil na gestão e na tomada de decisão acerca das políticas públicas, e dentre esses canais, poderemos citar os Conselhos Gestores de Políticas Públicas. A presença desses Conselhos demarca uma perspectiva de democracia que não pode ser pensada sem a participação direta da sociedade, apontando assim para as políticas sociais, como uma ação que, muito mais do que governamental, se traduz enquanto ação pública, resultado do encontro da esfera governamental com a esfera da sociedade civil. É neste universo que se estrutura o presente estudo, o qual objetivou demonstrar o processo educativo que perpassa aos Conselhos Gestores, identificando que o Diálogo Social, estabelecido nesses conselhos, não pode prescindir de um processo de aprendizagem coletiva. Nesse sentido, o estudo então focalizou os Conselhos Gestores da Política Pública de Emprego, Trabalho e Renda, procurando identificar no funcionamento dos mesmos, os elementos que compõem esse processo educativo, a partir das falas de conselheiros, dos Conselhos Estaduais do Trabalho de Alagoas, Sergipe e Bahia, da Comissão Municipal de Emprego de Salvador, e das Atas do Conselho Estadual de Alagoas. O processo de investigação nos mostrou que, ao mesmo tempo em que esses Conselhos demonstram, de forma concreta, a possibilidade de um Estado que se constitui a partir do encontro da Sociedade Civil e do Governo, como entendia Gramsci, também apresentam indícios de uma perspectiva de Estado se revela num processo educativo de aprendizagens oriundas desse encontro, um Estado Educador.