Global ETD Search

21	Multidimensional Highway Construction Cost Indexes Using Dynamic Item Basket Shrestha, Joseph, Jeong, H. David, Gransberg, Douglas D. 01 August 2017 (has links) A highway construction cost index (HCCI) is an indicator of the purchasing power of a highway agency. Thus, it must reflect the actual construction market conditions. However, current methods used by most state departments of transportation are not robust enough to meet this primary goal due to (1) a significantly insufficient sample size of bid items used in HCCI calculation; and (2) inability to address the need to track highway construction market conditions in specific submarket segments such as, but not limited to, various project types, sizes, and locations. This study proposes an advanced methodology to overcome these apparent limitations using two new concepts: (1) dynamic item basket; and (2) multidimensional HCCIs. The dynamic item basket process identifies and utilizes an optimum amount of bid-item data to calculate HCCIs in order to minimize the potential error due to a small sample size, which leads to a better reflection of the current market conditions. Multidimensional HCCIs dissect the state highway construction market into distinctively smaller sectors of interest and thus, allow state Departments of Transportation to understand the market conditions with much higher granularity. A framework is developed to integrate these two concepts and a standalone prototype system, named the Dyna-Mu-HCCI System, is developed to automate the data-processing part of the framework. The historical bid data of the Montana Department of Transportation are used to evaluate the performance of the Dyna-Mu-HCCI System and measure the effects of the dynamic item basket (DIB) and multidimensional HCCIs. The results show an eightfold increase in terms of the number of bid items used in calculating HCCIs and at least a 20% increase in terms of the total cost of bid items used. In addition, the multidimensional HCCIs reveal different cost-change patterns from different highway sectors. For example, the bridge construction market historically shows a very different trend compared with the overall highway construction market. The new methodology is expected to aid state Departments of Transportation in making more-reliable decisions in preparing business plans and budgets with more accurate and detailed information about the construction market conditions. Further, the prototype Dyna-Mu-HCCI System is expected to significantly facilitate the HCCI calculation process and rapidly implement this new system. const indexes dynamic item basket HCCI highway construction cost index market conditions multidimensional highway construction Construction Engineering and Management
22	Framtidens spårväg : Är spårvägar med ytskikt av gräs ett bra alternativ? / Tramway of the future : Are tramways with a surface of grass a good option? Khoury, Peter, Grönskog, Niklas January 2014 (has links) Utbyggnaden av spårvägen Linje 7 i Stockholm som ska utmynna i Spårväg City har tagit sin början. Vilka typer av spårvägskonstruktioner som ska användas på alla de ingående sträckorna är däremot inte bestämt. Grässpår är ett alternativ, men kunskapen om grässpår är inte stor i Stockholmsregionen på grund av att denna spårvägstyp tidigare inte projekterats i regionen. Denna rapport ska underlätta valet genom informationshämtning från intervjuer, möten, mejlkontakt, studiebesök och litteraturstudier. Grässpåret jämförs med gatuspår i asfalt som används i Spårväg City. Ballastspår på egen banvall är den enklaste spårvägskonstruktionen, och används i jämförelserna. Dock kommer den konstruktionen inte att användas på Spårväg City. De olika spårvägskonstruktionerna jämförs utifrån anläggningskostnader samt underhållskostnader för de olika konstruktionstyperna. En grundlig jämförelse har även gjorts byggtekniskt. Vid jämförelsen av de olika konstruktionerna så var gatuspår i asfalt den dyraste att anlägga, cirka 20 000kr/m. Det var mer än 3 gånger så dyrt som grässpåret med en kostnad på cirka 6000kr/m, som i sin tur var marginellt dyrare än ballastspåret på egen banvall med en kostnad på cirka 3000kr/m. Även underhållskostnaden var betydligt högre för gatuspåret i asfalt. Gatuspåret i asfalt var nästan dubbelt så dyrt som grässpåret att underhålla. Grässpåret i sin tur var lite mer än dubbelt så dyrt som ballastspåret på egen banvall att underhålla. Gatuspåret i asfalt fick en underhållskostnad på cirka 160 000 kr/km & år, grässpåret fick en underhållskostnad på cirka 85 000kr/km & år, och för ballastspår på egen banvall cirka 40 000kr/km & år. / The extension of the tramway line 7 in Stockholm, which will culminate in “Spårväg City”, has begun. Which types of tramway constructions to use on all the included distances has not been decided. Grass Track is an option, but there’s a lack of knowledge of the grass track in Stockholm because this type of tramway has not been projected before in the region. This report will simplify the selection, by information extraction from interviews, meetings, e-mail contact, field trips and literature studies. The grass track will be compared with street track in asphalt which is used in “Spårväg City”. Ballast track on its own embankment is the simplest tramway construction, and is used in the comparisons. However, the design is not to be used on “Spårväg City”. The various tramway constructions are compared by the construction costs and the maintenance costs for the different construction types. A thorough comparison has also been made in the construction technical part. When comparing the different constructions, it was the street track in asphalt that was the most expensive to construct about 20 000kr/m. It was more than 3 times as expensive as the grass track with a cost of about 6000kr/m, which in turn was marginally more expensive than the ballast track on its own embankment with a cost of about 3000kr/m. Even the maintenance cost was significantly higher for street track in asphalt. The street track in asphalt was almost twice as expensive as the grass track to maintain. The grass track in turn was a little more than twice as expensive as the ballast track on its own embankment to maintain. The street track in asphalt had a cost of about 160 000kr/km & year, the grass track had a cost of about 85 000kr/km & year, and the ballast track on its own embankment had a cost of about 40 000kr/km & year. Tramway tramway constructions grass track street track ballast track comparison maintenance maintenance cost construction cost Spårväg spårvägskonstruktioner grässpår gatuspår ballastspår jämförelse underhåll underhållskostnad anläggningskostnad Civil Engineering Samhällsbyggnadsteknik
23	Att utforma detaljplaner för ett kostnadseffektivt byggande / To create a zoning plan for a cost-efficient construction Steimert, Viktor January 2023 (has links) Detaljplaner sätter ramarna och förutsättningarna för vad som legalt kan byggas på en fastighet. Hur de förutsättningarna ser ut har en enorm inverkan på hur kostnadseffektivt det framtida bygget kommer att bli. Att i tidigt skede identifiera och påverka de faktorer som driver byggkostnaderna utan att skapa motsvarande mervärde för de framtida kunderna är en viktig uppgift. I den här studien kartläggs de planbestämmelserna och utformningarna, det ska dessutom inte vara självklart att det finns tillräckligt samhällsnytta för att väga upp kostnaderna. Litteraturen inom området är mycket bristande. Den huvudsakliga metoden för den här studien är intervjuer, totalt genomförs sjutton intervjuer med privata fastighetsutvecklare och kommunalt anställda inom markexploatering och detaljplanering. Det identifieras en rad detaljplansutformningar och fenomen kopplat till detaljplaneprocessen. Allt ifrån det optimala byggnadsdjupet och underjordiska garage till felaktiga betraktelsevinklar för arkitekturen och nya typer av kommunala särkrav som blir allt vanligare. Dessutom hanterar studien samarbetet inom detaljplaneprocessen mellan privata fastighetsutvecklare och kommunen med fokus på byggkostnader, lönsamhet och avvägningarna mellan det enskilda intresset hos fastighetsutvecklaren och allmänna intressen. Fastighetsutvecklare har inflytande under detaljplaneprocessen och kan bidra med mycket. Inom kommuner finns tankar kring vad som är den mest samhällsekonomiskt lönsamma avvägningen för planutformningar där projektets lönsamhet får väga tyngre, men än så länge gäller det främst fram tills en detaljplan är genomförbar och ibland för kommunens egna fastigheter eller bostadsprojekt. Zoning Plan Zoning Construction Cost Cost-effective Construction Cost/benefit analysis profitability Detaljplan Detaljplanering Byggkostnader Kostnadseffektivt byggande Samhällsekonomisk lönsamhet Civil Engineering Samhällsbyggnadsteknik
24	Исследование китайских сборно-монолитных систем гражданских зданий (на примере г. Шанхай) : магистерская диссертация / Study of Chinese prefabricated monolithic systems of civil buildings (on the example of Shanghai) Сюй, В., Siui, V. January 2022 (has links) The comparison of technical and economic parameters of prefabricated monolithic systems of civil buildings (on the example of Shanghai) by cost, duration and environmental friendliness of construction is carried out. / Выполнено сравнение технико-экономических параметров сборно-монолитных систем гражданских зданий (на примере г. Шанхай) по себестоимости, продолжительности и экологичности строительства. ЖИЛЫЕ ЗДАНИЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧНОСТЬ MASTER'S THESIS RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS PREFABRICATED MONOLITHIC SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION EFFICIENCY CONSTRUCTION COST ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS
25	In the Business of Building Green : The value of low-energy residential buildings from customer and developer perspectives Zalejska-Jonsson, Agnieszka January 2013 (has links) An overarching aim of this research was to investigate the comprehensive value of green residential buildings as seen from two perspectives: that of the developer and that of the occupant (the customer). The dissertation consists of studies presented in seven papers. The studies conducted to investigate the developer’s perspective focused on construction cost and potential profit (papers I and VII). The customer’s perspective was examined with three approaches: the impact that energy and environment have on the decision to purchase (or rent) an apartment (paper V), willingness to pay for a green apartment (paper VI) and finally, the occupants’ satisfaction with the dwelling and indoor environment (papers II, III and IV). The first paper examines whether increased investment costs are profitable, taking into account the reduction in operating costs. The investment viability is approached by comparing investment in conventional and green residential building, particularly passive houses, using real construction and post-occupancy conditions. The increased investment costs in energy-efficient building were also the focus of paper VII. In this paper, the aim was to study how technologies used in energy-efficient residential building construction affect the available saleable floor area and how this impacts on the profitability of the investment. Potential losses and gains of saleable floor area in energy-efficient buildings were assessed using a modelled building and analysed with the help of the average construction cost. Papers II and IV present results from a study of occupants’ satisfaction and indoor environmental qualities. Both papers aim at comparing and analysing responses from occupants living in green and conventional buildings. Paper III focuses on a similar subject, but investigates occupants’ satisfaction among all adults living in multi-family buildings in Sweden, providing a national context for the results presented in papers II and IV. The results indicate that occupants are generally satisfied with their dwellings, but indoor environment proved to have a statistically significant effect on overall satisfaction. The results in paper V indicate that energy and environmental factors have a minor impact on customers’ decision to purchase or rent an apartment. However, availability of information on building energy and environmental performance may have an effect on the likelihood of the buyers’ being interested in environmental qualities and consequently an impact on their decision. The study presented in paper VI shows that customer interest in energy and environmental factors has a significant impact on stated willingness to pay for green dwellings. The paper discusses the stated willingness to pay for low-energy buildings and buildings with an environmental certificate and attempts to assess the rationale of the stated willingness to pay for low-energy dwellings given potential energy savings. / Fokus i detta forskningsprojekt har legat på att undersöka värdet av gröna bostäder ur ett brett perspektiv, dvs både genom att studera byggherrens och de boendes (kundens) synpunkter. I avhandlingen ingår sju uppsatser. Undersökningen av byggherrens synpunkter fokuserades på kostnader och potentiella inkomster (uppsats I och VII). Kundernas åsikter undersöktes på tre olika sätt: vilken effekt energi och miljö faktorer hade på beslut att köpa eller hyra en lägenhet (uppsats V), betalningsvilja för gröna bostäder (uppsats VI) och slutligen de boendes trivsel samt nöjdhet med inomhusmiljön (uppsats II,III och IV). Den första uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka om ökningen av investeringskostnader vid byggande av gröna byggnader kan täckas av framtida energibesparingar och minskning av driftkostnad. Investeringens lönsamhet undersöktes genom att jämföra skillnader i byggkostnader mellan konventionella och gröna bostäder med skillnader i driftskostnader givet olika antaganden om energipriser och räntekrav. Huvudfokus i uppsats VII var också byggkostnader, men denna gång undersöktes hur nya tekniska lösningar påverkar boarea och lönsamhet av energieffektiva bostäder. Genom att konstruera en modell av ett typhus analyserades potentiella ökningar i boarea med nya lösningar och hur detta påverkade lönsamheten i olika geografiska lägen (prisnivåer). Uppsatserna II och IV presenterar resultat från boendeundersökningar. Båda uppsatserna syftar till att undersöka boendes trivsel och nöjdhet med inomhusmiljö samt att testa skillnaden i svar från boende i gröna och konventionella bostäder. Uppsats III fokuserar också på inomhusmiljön, men analysen gjordes på svaren som samlades in under Boverkets projekt BETSI och resultaten är därmed representativa för alla vuxna som bor i flerfamiljshus i Sverige. Uppsats III ger därmed en national kontext för uppsatserna II och IV. Resultaten visar att boende trivs i sina bostäder, men inomhusmiljön har en statistiks signifikanta effekt på allmän nöjdhet faktor.. Resultaten i uppsats V tyder på att energi- och miljöaspekter spelar mindre roll i beslutet att köpa eller hyra en lägenhet. Den synliga informationens tillgänglighet angående byggnadens energi- och miljöprestanda, påverkar kundens intresse för dessa faktorer och därmed indirekt hushållets beslut. Resultaten i uppsats VI pekar på att kunderna, som är intresserade av byggnaders energi och miljö prestanda, är villiga att betala mer för gröna bostäder. I uppsats 6 diskuteras betalningsvilja för låg-energi byggnader och för byggnader med miljöcertifikat samt utvärderas om den angivna betalningsviljan är rationell beslut när man tar hänsyn till nuvärdet av framtida energibesparingar. / <p>QC 20131014</p> sustainability green buildings residential buildings low-energy energy-efficiency construction cost profitability occupant satisfaction indoor environment quality (IEQ) hållbarhet gröna byggnader bostäder låg-energi energieffektivitet byggkostnad lönsamhet boende nöjdhet inomhusmiljö
26	Aplicación de la metodología del LCCA para la elección de sustitución de la superestructura del Puente Fortaleza / Application of the LCCA methodology for the replacement of the superstructure of the Fortaleza Bridge Hinostroza Huanay, Luis Reynaldo, Berrospi Vicente, Rocio Belen 24 July 2020 (has links) Actualmente, la elección de proyectos de puentes considera solo el costo de construcción inicial, no considera los costos ocurridos a lo largo del ciclo de vida, como el costo de mantenimiento, y no consideran la afectación que genera la construcción y el mantenimiento del puente en el usuario. El puente Fortaleza, se encuentra intransitable desde el año 2017, por consecuencia del niño costero ocurrido en dicho año, que provocó que la cimentación del estribo derecho fallé por la erosión de la sección del río. Por lo que la presente tesis tiene como fin desarrollar la metodología de evaluación de proyectos de puentes LCCA (Life cycle cost analysis). El LCCA es una metodología de evaluación económica de proyectos de puentes, que combina sólidos conocimientos técnicos de transporte con un sólido conocimiento de análisis económico, que incluye en su análisis todos los costos relevantes que ocurren durante el ciclo de vida de un proyecto de puente. Los tres costos considerados son: costo de construcción, costo de mantenimiento y costo de usuario. Se cuantificó los costos y tiempos de construcción y mantenimiento de cada alternativa de sustitución. Y se cuantificó la afectación al usuario producto de los trabajos de construcción y mantenimiento sobre la vía del puente, lo que obligó a considerar un desvío de vehículos. Finalmente, se analizaron los datos obtenidos, para escoger la alternativa de sustitución de la superestructura, se realizó la verificación de la infraestructura existente y se desarrolló el diseño de la superestructura escogida. / Nowadays, the choice of bridge projects considers only the initial construction cost, does not consider the costs incurred throughout the life cycle, such as the cost of maintenance, and does not consider the impact generated in the user by the construction and maintenance of the bridge. The Fortaleza bridge has been closed since 2017, as a consequence of “Niño costero” phenomenon that occurred in that year, which caused the foundation of the right stirrup to fail due to the erosion of the river section. Therefore, this thesis aims to develop the methodology for evaluating LCCA (Life cycle cost analysis) bridge projects. The LCCA is a methodology for the economic evaluation of bridge projects, which combines solid transport technical knowledge with a solid knowledge of economic analysis, which includes in its analysis all the relevant costs that occur during the life cycle of a bridge project. The three costs considered are: construction cost, maintenance cost and user cost. The construction and maintenance costs and times of each replacement alternative were quantified. And the affectation to the user was quantified product of the construction and maintenance works on the bridge road, which forced to consider a desviation of vehicles. Finally, the data obtained were analyzed, to choose the replace alternative of the superstructure of the Fortaleza bridge, the existing infrastructure was verified and the design of the chosen superstructure was developed. / Tesis Evaluación de proyectos Costo de construcción Puentes Metodología del LCCA Project evaluation Construction cost Bridges LCCA methodology
27	EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP OF BID DIFFERENCE AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS ENTERPRISE PARTICIPATION GOALS IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS Robert Thomas Ryan (9669701) 16 December 2020 (has links) <div>This research analyzes over 60,000 awarded highway contracts from 18 states throughout the United States. Analysis was performed on the state and aggregate level. The contracts were awarded from the years 2008 through 2018. Statistical analysis utilizing Pearson's Correlation and Ordinary Least Squares regression for each sample was performed to identify each variables relationship between the budget and awarded values.</div><div>The research examined effects of economic indicators, contractor descriptors and yearly/seasonal adjustments These variables included DBE Participation Goal, Number of Bidders, Project Dollar Value, Project Duration, Unemployment Rate, S&P 500 Index, Volatility Index, quarter, and year of project award. The results were examined by using a combination of simple statistical summaries and econometric coefficients called a cost vector. <br></div><div>Summary statistics observed Bid Difference at 8.5% below the Engineer's Estimate. The study observed DBE Participation Goals averaged 3.74% of the value of contracts, with an observed average of 4.5 bidders per contract. <br></div><div>The research determined that 55% of observed states had a positive significant correlation with DBE Participation Goal and Bid Difference. This correlation translated to nearly $80 million in additional cost. In addition, the research determined that all 19 groups in this study had a negative significant correlation with the Number of Bidders. The correlation translated to a savings of nearly $500 million. <br></div> Economics Construction Engineering Transport Engineering Engineering Practice Public Economics- Public Choice Transport Economics Urban and Regional Economics Urban Policy Social Program Evaluation DBEDOT disadvantaged estimating equations construction cost Economic Benefit Associated Economic cost analysis FHWA highway agencies Department of Transportation Fraud Risk Assessment OIG
28	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics
29	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics

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