Joseph- François Michaud (1767-1839), l’historien des Croisades, l’homme qui a contribué à la réhabilitation du Moyen Âge en France, le royaliste engagé, part en 1830 en compagnie de son jeune collaborateur Jean-François Poujoulat (1808-1880) à la recherche de l’Orient. Les deux voyageurs traversent la Grèce, l’Asie Mineure, la Palestine, la Syrie, l’Égypte et à leur retour en France, ils publient le récit de leur voyage sous forme épistolaire. Dans une époque où les travaux sur l’Orient émergent, les voix de leurs prédécesseurs résonnent dans la Correspondance d’Orient mêlées aux traces des héros dont ils avaient rajeuni les exploits. L’examen de cette œuvre révèle un aspect novateur qui réside dans la conciliation d’un récit de voyage et d’une étude historique teintée de propagande. / Joseph-François Michaud (1767-1839), the historian of the Crusades, the man who contributed to the rehabilitation of the Middle Ages in France, the committed royalist, left in 1830 together with his young collaborator Jean-François Poujoulat (1808-1880) in search of the East. The two voyagers cross Greece, Minor Asia, Palestine, Syria, Egypt and upon their return to France, they published the story of their journey in the form of letters. In a time where the works on the East were arising, the voices of their predecessors resonate within the Correspondence of the East, mixed with the marks of heroes whose achievements have been rejuvenated. The review of this work reveals an innovative aspect embodied within conciliation of a travel diary and an historical research tinged with propaganda.

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / The Civil-Military Coup, which deposed the president of the Republic João Goulart in Brazil in 1964, sought the support of institutions such as the Institute for Research and Social Studies / Brazilian Institute of Democratic Action (IPES-IBAD), Brazilian Bar Association (OAB), the National Conference of Brazilian Bishops (CNBB), evangelical churches, the mass media and broad sectors of the urban middle classes, with the objective of guaranteeing the ascendancy and permanence of the military in power and providing it with the minimum Of legitimacy. The city of Aracaju / SE hosted the Crusade Cristo Esperança Nossa, from September 20 to 27, 1964, an evangelical campaign interdenominacional, that is, promoted and directed by several Protestant churches of the State, but idealized by Presbyterians with the support of missionaries North Americans. This event was based on the preservation of moral and Christian values, in the midst of the establishment of the new political-institutional order in the country marked by authoritarianism. The crux of this crusade, based on the idea of "political field", "symbolic power" and habitus of Pierre Bourdieu (1996), is investigated to prove the hypothesis that this event contributed to the diffusion of the anti-communist ideology in Sergipe, Context of the Cold War. Through the press and oral testimony, some manifestations of popular religious and popular evangelical leaders have been able to find a position, often discreetly stated, in favor of the takeover of power in 1964 and in defense of Christian morality, although Christ Esperança Nossa Has not been, a priori, a political event in its essence. Actions such as these also fit into the political environment conducive to marches, such as the "Family March with God for Freedom", and other evangelization campaigns that represented the defense of conservative postulates typical of the society of that period. / O Golpe Civil-Militar, que depôs o presidente da República João Goulart em 1964, no Brasil, buscou o apoio de instituições como o Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Sociais / Instituto Brasileiro de Ação Democrática (IPES-IBAD), Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB), Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB), igrejas evangélicas, meios de comunicação de massa e de amplos setores das classes médias urbanas, com o objetivo de garantir a ascensão e permanência dos militares no poder e proporcionar-lhe o mínimo de legitimidade. A cidade de Aracaju/SE sediou a cruzada Cristo Esperança Nossa, nos dias 20 a 27 de setembro de 1964, uma campanha evangélica interdenominacional, ou seja, promovida e dirigida por várias igrejas protestantes do Estado, porém idealizada por presbiterianos com o apoio de missionários norte-americanos. Este evento se fundamentou na conservação de valores morais e cristãos, em meio à instauração da nova ordem político-institucional no país marcada pelo autoritarismo. Investiga-se os desdobramentos dessa cruzada, com base na ideia de “campo político”, “poder simbólico” e habitus de Pierre Bourdieu (1996), para comprovar a hipótese de que este evento colaborou para a difusão do ideário anticomunista em Sergipe, no contexto da Guerra Fria. Foi possível constatar em algumas manifestações de líderes religiosos e populares evangélicos, através da imprensa e de depoimentos orais, um posicionamento, muitas vezes explicitado de forma discreta, a favor da tomada do poder em 1964 e em defesa da moralidade cristã, embora Cristo Esperança Nossa não tenha sido, a priori, um evento político em sua essência. Ações como essas se enquadram, também, no ambiente político favorável às marchas, como a “Marcha da Família com Deus pela Liberdade”, e outras campanhas de evangelização que representaram a defesa de postulados conservadores típicos da sociedade daquele período.

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The study focuses on the unique phenomenon of society’s changing attitudes towards the Crusades. Right from its inception the Crusades made a lasting impact on history, an impact which is still evident in the present day. Several aspects contributed to the start of the Crusades, among them the world and ideology of the eleventh century, the era in which the Crusades began. In current times there have been calls demanding an apology for the Crusades, while at the same time some within Christianity have felt the need to apologise for the atrocities of the Crusades. The Crusades are often blamed for the animosity between Christians and Muslims, a situation worsened by the fact that leaders on both sides misuse the word ‘crusade’ for their own agendas. The thesis is written within a historiographical framework making use of both critical enquiry and historical criticism. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M. Th. (Church history)

The study focuses on the unique phenomenon of society’s changing attitudes towards the Crusades. Right from its inception the Crusades made a lasting impact on history, an impact which is still evident in the present day. Several aspects contributed to the start of the Crusades, among them the world and ideology of the eleventh century, the era in which the Crusades began. In current times there have been calls demanding an apology for the Crusades, while at the same time some within Christianity have felt the need to apologise for the atrocities of the Crusades. The Crusades are often blamed for the animosity between Christians and Muslims, a situation worsened by the fact that leaders on both sides misuse the word ‘crusade’ for their own agendas. The thesis is written within a historiographical framework making use of both critical enquiry and historical criticism. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Church history)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-29T11:33:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Júlia Alves Garcia Montero.pdf: 5192514 bytes, checksum: 7d38eae0fd495448df4ad8b63cb80da2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T11:33:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Júlia Alves Garcia Montero.pdf: 5192514 bytes, checksum: 7d38eae0fd495448df4ad8b63cb80da2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-09 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The present work analyzes two alphabetization programs that took place in Latin America: National Literacy Crusade "Heroes and Martyrs for the Liberation of Nicaragua" (CNA), held in Nicaragua in 1980, and the Youth and Adult Alphabetization Movement of São Paulo (MOVA-SP), carried out between the years of 1989 and 1992, in São Paulo, both organized based on the ideas of Paulo Freire, counting also with his direct participation. We have studied how, and if, the theme of feminism appears in the official documents of both programs, and whether the presence of this theme in these documents is due to the existence or not of a movement - or organization - of women in the country with the vanguard character, as Marta Harnecker conceptualizes. The concepts of gender, patriarchy and sexual division of labor, coined by authors such as Heleieth Saffioti, Carole Pateman, Iris Young, Danièle Kergoat, among others, were the theoretical basis of the present study. The research was conducted through documentary analysis. We studied official documents (political-pedagogical project, booklets, among others) of the two programs and analyzed a) if the subject of gender relations appeared; b) whether this appearance reinforced or questioned patriarchal gender relations; c) how it appeared, whether directly, indirectly, and in what context. We were able to conclude that the Nicaraguan documents have a greater presence of the theme, and that this is due to a more organized and centralized women's movement that, unlike the São Paulo movement - then fragmented and with a predominantly institutionalized activism - directly influenced alphabetization in the country. We do not affirm this, however, without reservations, since in both programs feminism appears as a very specific "subject", which reveals a difficulty in dealing with the theme of feminism transversally and even a theoretical difficulty in relation to it / O presente trabalho analisa dois programas de alfabetização que ocorreram na América Latina: A Cruzada Nacional de Alfabetização “Heróis e Mártires pela Libertação da Nicarágua” (CNA), realizada em 1980 na Nicarágua, e o Movimento de Alfabetização de Jovens e Adultos de São Paulo (MOVA-SP), realizado entre os anos de 1989 e 1992, em São Paulo, ambos organizado com base nas ideias de Paulo Freire, contando inclusive com sua participação direta. Estudamos como, e se, o tema do feminismo aparece nos documentos oficiais de ambos os programas, e se a presença ou não deste tema em ditos documentos deve-se à existência ou não de um movimento - ou uma organização - de mulheres no país com o caráter de vanguarda, como conceitua Marta Harnecker. Tivemos como base teórica do presente trabalho os conceitos de gênero, patriarcado e divisão sexual do trabalho, cunhados, respectivamente, por autoras como Heleieth Saffioti, Carole Pateman, Iris Young, Danièle Kergoat, entre outras. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio da análise documental. Estudamos documentos oficiais (projeto político-pedagógico, cartilhas, entre outros) dos dois programas, e analisamos a) se o tema das relações de gênero aparecia; b) se essa aparição reforçava ou questionava as relações patriarcais de gênero; c) como ele aparecia, se de forma direta, indireta, e em que contexto. Pudemos concluir que os documentos nicaraguenses têm uma presença maior do tema, e que isso se deve a um movimento de mulheres mais organizado e centralizado que, ao contrário do movimento paulistano - então fragmentado e com uma atuação majoritariamente institucionalizada -, influenciou diretamente a alfabetização no país. Não afirmamos isso, no entanto, sem ressalvas, uma vez que em ambos os programas o feminismo aparece como um “tema” bem específico, o que revela uma dificuldade de transversalização do feminismo e mesmo uma dificuldade teórica com relação a ele

La présente thèse entend rendre compte d’un parcours de recherche entrepris il y a près de trente ans. Ces recherches ont connu divers développements pour lesquels une ligne conductrice peut cependant être dégagée : elles ont toutes trait à l’histoire des élites médiévales.Un premier axe concerne les enquêtes sur la société féodale de l’Orient latin. L’édition d’un texte généalogique, Les Lignages d’Outremer, a été le point de départ d’une série de publications sur ces familles, complétées par celle d’un récit de pèlerinage aux Lieux saints.Le second axe a pour objet la sigillographie. Le présent travail expose d’abord les travaux réalisés sur la sigillographie des reines et des enfants de France au Moyen Âge. L’autre volet de cette thématique a trait à la sigillographie des rois et empereurs des périodes mérovingienne et carolingienne, étude entreprise grâce à l’examen des 250 diplômes royaux conservés aux Archives nationales. À l’origine de ces publications, il y a une étonnante découverte, celle de la présence de cheveux humains dans les sceaux, pour laquelle nous tentons de trouver une explication, dans les diverses parties de ce travail et en particulier dans le mémoire De Anolo, joint au dossier.Enfin, un troisième axe est consacré à la pratique professionnelle que j’ai pu développer en tant que conservateur d’Archives. Les travaux proposés ici sont alors le témoignage des missions que j’ai pu exercer : au-delà de la publication d’instruments de recherche, une large place est faite aux problématiques de conservation préventive. / This thesis presents the results of research conducted over the past thirty years on the history of medieval elites.  The thesis focuses on two major topics. The first is the society of the Latin East. Publication of a genealogical text, Les lignages d’Outremer, has been followed by a series of studies of the noble families of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and an edition of an account of a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The second area is royal sigillography. Studies of the seals of medieval French queens and their children constitute one facet of this research, whereas examination of the seals found on 250 diplomas in the Archives nationales has facilitated exploration of the seals of Merovingian and Carolingian kings and emperors. The discovery of human hair in the seals has prompted the search for possible explanations of this phenomenon, which are proposed and discussed in different parts of the dossier, particularly in an appendix, "De anolo." An additional, supplementary part of my work has focused on the conservation of seals and the development of methods to prevent their deterioration.

In 1518, Martin Luther is reputed to have nailed his 95 theses to the door of the Castle Church at Wittenberg, an act that sparked the Protestant Reformation. Luther sought change in the Catholic Church: a return to an unmediated relationship with God based on a closer understanding of the Word. Since then, Protestant evangelism has been a force for social change: and this is particularly true in New Zealand, where evangelism has gone hand in hand with the colonisation of the country. This thesis proposes that it is not, in fact, the literal understanding of the Word that gives these services meaning, and that such an understanding is problematic and perhaps even impossible: the Word is always a translation. Instead, it is through what is not said - the performative aspects of evangelistic services, including the use of space, the actions of the evangelist, and pre-existing cultural “horizons of expectation” - that meanings are produced. Taking as material Samuel Marsden’s first service in New Zealand in 1814, in which the Word was preached in English to a congregation who primarily spoke only Maori, the more contemporary example of televangelist Benny Hinn, who performs miracles to television cameras, and the religious and political performances of Destiny Church’s Brian Tamaki, this thesis uses the tools of performance studies to undertake an ethnographic study of evangelistic services. This brings into focus the ways in which evangelists may create congregations and produce meanings in their services through different modes of performance and the ways in which these ulterior meanings impact, and have impacted, on New Zealand society.

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