Published Article / The aim of this research was to identify the design aspects necessary to create an aesthetically appealing playroom environment to aid the well-being of hospitalised oncology children at a public hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. The methodology design is overall qualitative within the interpretivist paradigm with a triangulation methodology design with explanatory components. These components consisted of a literature review which was further explored by means of a qualitative questionnaire. The playroom was created as part of a community project according to the literature review and questionnaire after which semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with the children themselves.

Due to government regulations together with health and safety reasons, there are increasing demands on reducing hazardous polluting chemicals from fossil fuel power plants. Therefore, more efforts are imposed on using renewable resources such as water, wind, solar and tide to produce clean/green electricity. On top of that, there is another increasing demand from Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to operate power plants with higher load while keep the power loss to the minimum. These requirements drive conventional fluid film bearings to its mechanical and temperature limits. This calls for the development of new bearing system designs. An outstanding tribological performance such as low start-up and break-away friction, excellent resistance to chemical attack and anti-seizure properties, can be achieved by introducing compliant polymer liners. At the same time, bearings with compliant liners may alter rotor-bearing system dynamic behaviour compared to the systems with conventional white metal bearings. The research approach of this thesis is to implement compliant liner on bearing surface, impose synchronous shaft excitation and investigate the effect of bearing design parameters on bearing dynamic response. Plain cylindrical journal bearings with different compliant liner thicknesses were analysed using a FEM approach. The numerical model was compared with an in-house developed code based on the finite difference method (FDM) for a bearing operated at steady state conditions. Results obtained by the numerical models showed good agreement. After verification of the numerical model for fixed geometry journal bearings, models for tilting pad journal bearings were developed. Dynamic behaviour of the tilting pad journal bearing with three pads with line pivot geometry was compared with published data. A good agreement was obtained between the two numerical models. The effect of pad pivot geometry on bearing dynamic response was investigated. Vertical and horizontal shaft configurations were compared in terms of the effect of preload factor, radial clearance, pivot offset, and pad inclination angles. Influence of the elastic properties of compliant liners was also studied. All these factors significantly affect bearing dynamic response. It is shown how these factors should be selected to control the journal orbit sizes. Misalignments in compliant tilting pad journal bearings were analysed for load between pivots and load on pivots with consideration of thermal effects. Significant improvements in bearing performance were obtained with compliant bearings compared to white metal bearings. Furthermore, different polymer materials (PTFE, UHMWPE, pure PEEK and PEEK composite) were characterized using Frequency Response Function (FRF). It was shown that as the excitation frequency increased the equivalent stiffness was more or less constant while equivalent damping decreased exponentially. PTFE had similar equivalent stiffness compared to PEEK. As for equivalent damping, PTFE had slightly higher damping compared to PEEK or UHMWPE. Oil film thickness, oil film temperature and loads on tilting pad journal bearing were measured on 10 MW Kaplan hydroelectric power machine. Test results were compared to FEM model. It was shown that stiffness of the supporting structure may be more important to machine performance than the stiffness of the bearing alone. / <p>QC 20150409</p> / Swedish Hydropower Centre

No description available.

Neste trabalho desenvolve-se uma análise sobre o estado da arte e tendências para projeto de geradores elétricos em turbinas eólicas offshore. A conjunção dos requerimentos de alta confiabilidade e potência, criam condições adequadas para a aplicação de máquina elétricas multifásicas nesse setor. Desta forma, optou-se por estudar as características e condições de projeto de máquinas elétricas multifásicas, simétricas ou assimétricas. Com esta finalidade, os métodos analíticos de projeto de máquinas elétricas trifásicas são revisitados e estendidos, quando necessário, para diferentes configurações multifásicas. O foco do trabalho, consiste em desenvolver e explorar temas de projeto de geradores elétricos multifásicos, síncronos de imãs permanentes, com enrolamentos distribuídos de dupla camada. Para estudo de caso, realiza-se a comparação entre o projeto de quatro topologias diferentes. Nomeadamente, compara-se o projeto de geradores de três, seis, nove e dezoito fases para turbinas eólicas offshore de 10 MW. A configuração com gerador de nove fases apresenta os melhores resultados, com densidade de torque 10,96% superior à densidade de torque desenvolvida pela máquina trifásica analisada. Por fim, a metodologia analítica desenvolvida para o projeto de máquinas elétricas multifásicas é verificada usando o método de elementos finitos bidimensional, para o gerador síncrono de imãs permanentes de nove fases. / The state of the art and future trends for offshore wind turbines were reviewed. Due to its fault-tolerant characteristic, multiphase electrical generators were identified as strong candidates to meet the power and resilience targets of the offshore wind sector. In this work, the design aspects of three-phase electrical machines are reviewed and extended to different multiphase configurations. The main focus of the work is to develop an analytical design methodology for multiphase, symmetrical and asymmetrical, synchronous generators with double-layer distributed windings. As a case study, the project of a three-phase, six-phase, nine-phase and eighteen-phase permanent magnet synchronous generators were compared for a 10MW offshore wind turbine. The best results were found for the nine-phase topology, with a torque density 10.96% higher than the torque density of the analysed three-phase machine. The developed design methodology was validated with a finite element analysis of the ninephase permanent magnet generator.

Neste trabalho desenvolve-se uma análise sobre o estado da arte e tendências para projeto de geradores elétricos em turbinas eólicas offshore. A conjunção dos requerimentos de alta confiabilidade e potência, criam condições adequadas para a aplicação de máquina elétricas multifásicas nesse setor. Desta forma, optou-se por estudar as características e condições de projeto de máquinas elétricas multifásicas, simétricas ou assimétricas. Com esta finalidade, os métodos analíticos de projeto de máquinas elétricas trifásicas são revisitados e estendidos, quando necessário, para diferentes configurações multifásicas. O foco do trabalho, consiste em desenvolver e explorar temas de projeto de geradores elétricos multifásicos, síncronos de imãs permanentes, com enrolamentos distribuídos de dupla camada. Para estudo de caso, realiza-se a comparação entre o projeto de quatro topologias diferentes. Nomeadamente, compara-se o projeto de geradores de três, seis, nove e dezoito fases para turbinas eólicas offshore de 10 MW. A configuração com gerador de nove fases apresenta os melhores resultados, com densidade de torque 10,96% superior à densidade de torque desenvolvida pela máquina trifásica analisada. Por fim, a metodologia analítica desenvolvida para o projeto de máquinas elétricas multifásicas é verificada usando o método de elementos finitos bidimensional, para o gerador síncrono de imãs permanentes de nove fases. / The state of the art and future trends for offshore wind turbines were reviewed. Due to its fault-tolerant characteristic, multiphase electrical generators were identified as strong candidates to meet the power and resilience targets of the offshore wind sector. In this work, the design aspects of three-phase electrical machines are reviewed and extended to different multiphase configurations. The main focus of the work is to develop an analytical design methodology for multiphase, symmetrical and asymmetrical, synchronous generators with double-layer distributed windings. As a case study, the project of a three-phase, six-phase, nine-phase and eighteen-phase permanent magnet synchronous generators were compared for a 10MW offshore wind turbine. The best results were found for the nine-phase topology, with a torque density 10.96% higher than the torque density of the analysed three-phase machine. The developed design methodology was validated with a finite element analysis of the ninephase permanent magnet generator.

The aim of this research is to establish which aspects influence students’ successful learning of design skills through contextually integrated learning support material for the design and technology education programme at the University of Pretoria. The purpose of the research is threefold: • The first aim is to investigate the extent to which the electronic tutorial, Design in Action (hereafter referred to as “the tutorial”) contributes to students’ (novice designers) design theory in a technological context i.e. to indicate whether the level of sophistication of the exemplary graphics and explanatory text is suited to the context. • The second aim is to establish the levels of learning achieved by learners as a result of the intervention using Design in Action in order to indicate the adequacy of the learning support material in achieving the learning outcomes of the unit. • The third aim is to establish possible improvements for the tutorial to increase its effectiveness in terms of curriculum, media&technology, learning&instruction and teacher education&didactics (Van den Akker, 1999). The findings of this preliminary study will be used in broader studies focused on the design and development of contextually integrated learning support material for design and technology education students. This research is a qualitative case study, including the evaluation of levels of learning of first year pre-service design and technology students, conducted in the interpretative paradigm, within the theoretical frame of socially responsible research (Reeves, 2000). The evaluation of the levels of learning was based on a model designed by Kirkpatrick (Kirkpatrick, 1994). The model delineates four levels of instruction (training) outcomes: reaction, learning, behaviour, and results. / Dissertation (MEd (CIE))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

No description available.

Purpose: Vacation house,a part of Sweden ́s history that decreases annually, mainly because existing vacation houses are being extended and permanented and few new ones are being built. One reason why many vacation houses are permanented is that the detailed development plan for the area is insufficient or missing to maintain the area as a vacation house area. In addition to the detailed development plan there is other legislation that is followed at building permits. For vacations houses there is no regulation in the legislation which causes difficulties for building permit management for individuals and authorities. The aim of the survey is to gather material with the aim to establish a definition of vacation houses into the legislation. Method: The survey is conducted as a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews with nearby municipalities building permit departments, equal in size as Jönköping's municipality and with smaller municipalities. The material from the semi-structured interviews was compared and strengthened with document analysis from previous research. The document analysis has reviewed previous researches, studies, judiciary, books and detailed development plans. Findings: The result shows that a definition of vacation houses should be legislated in Plan- och bygglagen and can be applied by Boverket’s building regulations with a clearer explanation of vacation houses. To give municipalities common ground to emanate from to preserve the nature of vacations house areas. How the vacations house areas should be designed and how their design can be preserved is most suitable in the detail development plan. It is in the detail development plan the area of a vacation home can be limited. If the area of the vacation homes is limited, the survey show that it will result in that fewer vacation homes are permanentized as the conveniences which permanent homes require will not fit. Implications: The results of the survey can be used to give municipalities an understanding of how building permits of vacation houses ́ are currently handled by other municipalities. The study contributes with improvement proposals for detailed development plan in the municipality of Jönköping. The conclusion of the result is that a more comprehensive study should be conducted to include municipalities throughout Sweden to ultimately lead to a joint definition for vacation houses.Limitations: The result is based on interviews with six municipalities and document analysis. A more comprehensive survey can interview more municipalities throughout Sweden to obtain a more generalized result, as well as to include authorities such as county administrative boards and Boverket. In a more comprehensive survey, more methods can be used as observations for better understanding of building permit handling of vacation homes and surveys to be able to reach out to all municipalities in Sweden. / Syfte: Fritidshusen, en del av Sveriges historia som minskar årligen, främst på grund av att befintliga fritidshus byggs till och permanentas samt att det byggs få nya. En anledning till att många fritidshus permanentas är att detaljplanen för ett område är otillräcklig eller saknas för att behålla området som ett fritidshusområde. Förutom detaljplan är det övrig lagstiftning som följs vid bygglov. För fritidshus saknas en definition i lagstiftningen vilket medför svårigheter för bygglovhantering för privatpersoner och myndigheter. Syftet med studien är att ta fram material som kan utnyttjas för att införa en definition av fritidshus i lagstiftning. Metod: Undersökningen genomförs som en kvalitativ studie med semi-strukturerade intervjuer med närliggande kommuners bygglovsavdelningar, både i jämnstorlek med Jönköpings kommun och med mindre kommuner. Materialet från de semi-strukturerade intervjuerna bearbetades sedan genom att jämföras och stärkas med litteraturstudie från tidigare forskning. Litteraturstudien har granskat tidigare undersökningar, studier, domar, böcker och detaljplaner. Resultat: Resultatet visar att en definition utav fritidshus bör lagstiftas i plan- och bygglagen och kan tillämpas av Boverket med en tydligare förklaring till fritidshus. Detta för att ge kommuner en grund att utgå ifrån för att bevara fritidshusområdens karaktär. Hur fritidshusområden ska utformas och hur dess karaktär kan behållas görs lämpligast i detaljplaner. Det är även i detaljplanen ytan kan begränsas för ett fritidshus. Begränsas ytan för ett fritidshus visar undersökningen att färre fritidshus kommer permanentas då de bekvämligheter en permanentbostad bör ha inte kommer att rymmas. Konsekvenser: Undersökningens resultat kan användas för att ge kommuner förståelse för hur bygglov av fritidshus hanteras i dagsläget av andra kommuner. Studien bidrar med förbättringsförslag för detaljplaner i Jönköpings kommun. Slutsatsen av resultatet är att en mer omfattande studie bör genomföras för att inkludera kommuner inom hela Sverige för att i slutändan utmynna till en gemensam definition för fritidshus. Begränsningar: Resultatet är baserat på intervjuer med sex kommuner och litteraturstudier. En mer omfattande undersökning kan intervjua fler kommuner över hela Sverige för att få ett mer generaliserbart resultat, samt att inkludera myndigheter som länsstyrelser och Boverket. I en mer omfattande undersökning kan fler metoder tillämpas som observationer för bättre förståelse av bygglovshantering av fritidshus och enkäter för att nå ut till alla kommuner i Sverige.

Syftet med studien är att presentera ett designkoncept för publika diskussioner på nätet med målet att uppnå djupare diskussioner och minska mängden information overload. Arbetet använder metoden Concept Driven Interaction Design (CDID) som går ut på att skapa ett designkoncept utifrån flera olika teorier som appliceras genom interaktionsdesign. Ett designkoncept innehåller tre delar: ett namn, ett syfte och huvudprinciper. CDID innehåller sju steg som arbetet är utformat efter: 1.      Concept Generation – Summeras i en tabell som jämför diskussioner i forum (med flera antagande) och diskussioner med hjälp av metoden Philosophy for Children (P4C), samt annan teori. 2.      Concept Exploration – Åtta olika designaspekter identifieras utifrån jämförelsetabellen. 3.      Internal Concept Critique – Designaspekterna jämförs med två snarlika diskussionsformat. 4.      Design of Artifacts – Designkoncept version 1 skapas. 5.      External Design Critique – Intervjuer utförs för att undersöka intervjupersonerna generella erfarenheter av online diskussioner, testar antagandena från jämförelsetabellen och ge direkt feedback på första versionen av designkonceptet. 6.      Concept Revisited – Ändringar görs baserat på intervjumaterial och direkt feedback. 7.      Concept Contextualization – Designkonceptet kopplas tillbaka till litteraturen. Studien resulterar i ett designkoncept kallat CoFramer och stödjer dessa huvudprinciper som ställs i kontrast till material som identifierats genom intervjuerna: Tabell 1: CoFramers huvudprinciper och faktorer från intervjuer om diskussioner på forum. CoFramers huvudprinciper | Från intervjuer om diskussioner på forum Strukturerad början och slut | Diskussion utan tydligt slut Begränsat antal deltagare | Stor mängd deltagare Minimum antal deltagare | Många inaktiva åskådare Explicita deltagare | Lite information om deltagare Gemensamma förutsättningar | Otydlighet kring deltagares förutsättningar Begränsad informationstäthet per inlägg | Långa inlägg och/eller snabba inlägg Den röda tråden och parallella trådar | Oftast parallella trådar Aktiv samtalsledare | Outredda missförstånd Studien indikerar på att CoFramer bör resultera i mer strukturerade diskussioner och som utsätter användaren för en lägre mängd information overload och mindre grounding cost jämfört med vad som vanligtvis uppstår i publika diskussioner online. / The focus of this essay is to develop a design concept for online public discussions with deep discussions and low information overload. The method used is Concept Driven Interaction Design (CDID) which involves constructing a design concept by applying a variety of theories in tangible interaction design. A design concept has three basic parts: a name, high-level goals and outlines generic principles. CDID includes seven steps which is used in this work: 1.      Concept Generation – Formatted into a table that compare forum discussion (with several hypothesis) compared to discussions with the method Philosophy for Children (P4C) and other theories. 2.      Concept Exploration – Eight distinct design aspects are identified from the comparison table. 3.      Internal Concept Critique – The design aspects are compared to three similar discussion formats. 4.      Design of Artifacts – Design concept version 1 is created. 5.      External Design Critique – Interviews are conducted to explore their general experience of online discussions, investigate the hypothesis from the comparison table and to seek direct feedback on the first draft of the design concept. 6.      Concept Revisited – Changes are made to the design concept based on the interview material and the direct feedback. 7.      Concept Contextualization – The design concept is related to the original literature. The result of the study is a design concept named CoFramer. CoFramer’s generic principles are summarized and contrasted against factors identified from the interview material in this table: Tabell 2: CoFramer’s generic principles and interviews about online discussions. CoFramer’s generic principles | From interview material on forum discussion Organized start and ending | Discussions without clear ending Limited number of participants | Large number of participants Minimum number of participants | Large number of inactive spectators Explicit participants | Low information about participants Common conditions | Vagueness in participants conditions Limited information density per post | Long posts and/or fast posts The red thread and parallel threads | Often parallel threads Active facilitator | Unresolved misunderstandings The study indicates that CoFramer would create more structured discussions with a lower amount of information overload and less grounding cost compared what normally arise in public online discussions.