Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_g_me_rcla.pdf: 2270133 bytes, checksum: d4e2f6bb8bc021e8025a823eb3f7a791 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A ordem Diptera desperta grande interesse nos estudos científicos devido à importância agrícola, sanitária, veterinária e forense, dependendo da espécie em estudo. A espécie Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) foi introduzida há cerca de 30 anos no Brasil e é de considerável importância médico-sanitária, além de poder ser utilizada em estudos forenses, na estimativa de intervalo pós-morte (IPM) em humanos. A espécie Musca domestica (Linnaeus) tem distribuição cosmopolita e é bastante comum no ambiente urbano e pode também transportar formas infectantes de muitas doenças. Nessas moscas, após o desenvolvimento dos imaturos em substratos discretos e efêmeros, as larvas abandonam o substrato alimentar em busca de um sítio para pupação, processo chamado de dispersão larval pós-alimentar. No entanto, em ambiente natural, tanto a fonte alimentar como o substrato de pupação podem estar contaminados com substâncias químicas, sendo que algumas destas podem ser de interesse forense ou ser aplicadas no controle de pragas. Assim, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho é procurar dar contribuição a um melhor conhecimento dos efeitos do ansiolítico Diazepam [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] sobre o desenvolvimento larval e comportamento de dispersão larval e do inseticida Fipronil [Regent 800 WG®] sobre a dispersão pós-alimentar das larvas de duas espécies de moscas (C. megacephala e M. domestica). Na análise do desenvolvimento larval, pôde-se observar que a presença de Diazepam no substrato alimentar aumenta o tempo de desenvolvimento larval, retardando o ganho de massa por tempo nas duas espécies estudadas, quando se compara ao grupo controle. Já o comportamento de dispersão larval foi alterado na presença de Fipronil ou de Diazepam, em relação ao controle, sendo que a profundidade de enterramento e a distância das pupas do centro de irradiação... / Some species of Diptera have a great medical and veterinary importance, acting as vectors of many diseases, addiction of having a considerable agricultural, commercial and ecological importance and other ones having forensic importance. Flies utilize discrete and ephemeral breeding sites for larval nutrition. After the exhaustion of food, larvae begin dispersing in search of sites to pupate or to additional food sources, a process referred as post feeding larval dispersal. However, in natural environments these breeding or feeding sites can be contaminated with chemical substances. Some of these substances can be of forensic interest or be applied in pest control. In the present study, the main objective was to investigate the effect of Diazepam® [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] and Fipronil® [Regent 800 WG®] on immature stages of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). The larvae were reared on artificial diet and rabbit liver on which different dosages of Diazepam were administrated in order to study the effects of this drug on the development and post feeding larval dispersal of the two species. Different dosages of the insecticide Fipronil were disposed in circular arena used as pupation substrate to investigate the effects on post feeding larval dispersal. The results showed that time required for larval development were significantly longer in colonies fed in contact with Diazepam than in the control ones, delaying the increase of mass per unit time in the two studied species. The larval dispersal behavior was modified in the presence of Fipronil and Diazepam, in comparison to arenas without the drugs. It was also observed that the burial depth and distance of the irradiation center were shorter than in the control groups for the two species... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-08T12:52:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaquelline de Andrade Pereira.pdf: 2017211 bytes, checksum: 7b564ad73381479b4a235f872679d42d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T12:52:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaquelline de Andrade Pereira.pdf: 2017211 bytes, checksum: 7b564ad73381479b4a235f872679d42d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Federal Law n° 5296/04, in its chapter III, deals with the general conditions of accessibility in the collective use of buildings of commercial nature, including the companies connected with the segments of tourism, recreation, and hotel business, among others, determining that those companies should promote the accessibility for people with disabilities in an autonomous, secure and comfortable, in accordance with the norms of the ABNT (NBR 9050/2004). This law also regulates the Law nº 10.048/2000 and the Law nº 10.098/2000. The first one determines the priority service to people with special needs and the second one establishes general rules and basic criteria towards the promotion of accessibility for people with disabilities or reduced mobility, also establishing deadlines for the organs of the direct public administration, indirect public administration, foundations, companies providing public services and financial institutions to accomplish what is determined by these laws, subjecting the lawbreakers to sanctions. Is up to governmental and private organs and entities to ensure to the persons with disabilities the full exercise of those rights. However, in a contradictory way, studies show that the accessibility to community facilities and tourist services, especially in the hotel industry, which is the main segment of this sector, it is still applied on a small scale in most of the hosting equipment. In what to the infrastructure is concerned, spaces such as apartments, auditoriums, convention rooms, fitness rooms, swimming pools and restaurants, among others, are still poor in terms of accessibilities that can give response to the demands of people with disabilities. In that direction, this project has as main aim to assess, from the point of view of the owner or the general manager of some hotels in the cities of Recife and Olinda – PE, as well as from the point of view of the consumers with physical and/or sensory disabilities and also from the viewpoint of the public managers of the city halls Recife and Olinda, the reasons why this equipment characterized as being of collective consumption does not invest in the provision of accessibility conditions in what to the meeting of the needs and demands of people with disabilities. In a more specific way, understand the reason why the segment of the hotel industry, despite the ruling legislation, has not been concerned with the recognition and implementation of the right to accessibility by the consumers with physical and sensory disabilities, being that most of these consumers have lots of free time and, above all, like to travel a lot. In this research it was adopted the qualitative approach, descriptive and explanatory, constituting the case study the most appropriate research strategy. The dialectical historical-critical analysis was constituted as essential to reach the comprehension of the problem and its reality. The sample has integrated 10 hotels. The subjects of the research were constituted by 10 managers of the mentioned hotels, 5 public managers bond to the city halls of Recife and Olinda and 20 people with physical and/or sensory disabilities. The instruments utilized for the data collection were composed by questionnaires, interviews, direct observation, photographs and recordings. The results show that the lack of knowledge both by people with disabilities and by the managers of the hotels about the laws and rules of accessibility it is making it difficult the implementation of the accessibilities in hotels, conjoined with the lack of supervision and the enforcement of the laws by the public actors. As the analysis approaches the small hotels, the technical means of accessibility are gradually more inadequate than in medium and large hotels, when considering what is established by the reference standard (NBR 9050) about the meeting of the demands of physical and sensory disabilities. It can be concluded that the logic underlying the relationship between State / Market is making the public managers and the hotel managers fail to understand people with disabilities as being potential consumers, with plenitude of rights, and that failure in see disabled people as potential consumers leads them to ignore the investments in accessibility in the hotel industry. / A Lei federal n° 5296/04, no capítulo III, trata das condições gerais da acessibilidade no uso coletivo de edificações de natureza comercial incluindo empresas do ramo turístico, recreativo e hoteleiro, dentre outras, determinando que essas empresas devem promover acessibilidade a pessoas com deficiência de forma autônoma, segura e confortável, em conformidade com as normas da ABNT (NBR 9050/2004). Esta lei também regulamenta a Lei nº 10.048/2000 e a Lei n° 10.098/2000. A primeira determina a prioridade de atendimento às pessoas portadoras de necessidades especiais e a segunda constitui normas gerais e critérios básicos para a promoção da acessibilidade das pessoas portadoras de deficiência ou com mobilidade reduzida, estabelecendo ainda prazos para órgãos da administração pública direta, indireta e fundacional, empresas prestadoras de serviços públicos e instituições financeiras cumprirem o que determinam estas leis, sujeitando os infratores a sanções. Cabe aos órgãos e às entidades do Poder Público e da iniciativa privada assegurar à pessoa portadora de deficiência o pleno exercício desses direitos. Contraditoriamente, os estudos mostram que a acessibilidade aos equipamentos coletivos e serviços turísticos, mais especificamente a hotelaria como sendo o principal segmento desse setor, ainda é aplicada em baixa escala na maior parte dos equipamentos de hospedagem. No que se refere à infraestrutura, principalmente os espaços como apartamentos, auditórios, salas de convenções, salas de ginástica, piscinas e restaurantes, entre outros, ficam muito a desejar em termos de acessibilidades que deem resposta às demandas das pessoas com deficiência. Nessa direção, este projeto tem como objetivo avaliar, a partir do ponto de vista do proprietário ou do gerente geral dos hotéis da cidade de Recife e de Olinda - PE, bem como a partir do ponto de vista dos consumidores com deficiência física e/ou sensorial e dos gestores públicos das prefeituras de Recife e de Olinda, o porquê desses equipamentos caracterizados como de consumo coletivos não investirem na provisão das condições de acessibilidades no que concerne ao atendimento das necessidades e demandas das pessoas com deficiência. Mais especificamente, compreender por que motivo o segmento hoteleiro, apesar da legislação vigente, não tem se preocupado com o reconhecimento e a efetivação do direito à acessibilidade dos consumidores com deficiência física e sensorial, cuja maioria dispõe de tempo livre, e, sobretudo, gostam de viajar. Nesta pesquisa adotou-se a abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e explicativa, constituindo o estudo de caso a estratégia de pesquisa mais apropriada. A análise histórico-critica dialética se constituiu como fundamental para a compreensão da realidade e do problema. A amostra integrou 10 hotéis. Os sujeitos da pesquisa se constituíram de 10 gestores dos referidos hotéis, 5 gestores públicos vinculados às Prefeituras de Recife e de Olinda e de 20 pessoas com deficiência física e/ou sensória. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados se compuseram de questionários, entrevistas, observação direta, fotos e gravações. Os resultados mostram que a falta de conhecimento tanto por parte das pessoas com deficiência quanto por parte dos gestores hoteleiros relativamente às leis e normas de acessibilidade favorece a não implementação da acessibilidade no ambiente hoteleiro, assim como a falta de fiscalização e efetivação das leis pelos atores públicos. À medida que a análise se aproxima dos hotéis de pequeno porte, os meios técnicos de acessibilidade se encontram gradualmente mais inadequados do que nos de médio e grande porte, considerando o que estabelece à norma de referência (NBR 9050) no atendimento das demandas dos deficientes físicos e sensoriais. Conclui-se que a lógica que fundamenta a relação Estado / mercado conduz os gestores públicos e hoteleiros a não compreenderem as pessoas com deficiência como sendo potenciais consumidores plenos de direitos e, por conseguinte, a não investirem em acessibilidade na hotelaria.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-08T13:55:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sara Azevedo Cardoso.pdf: 1703998 bytes, checksum: c0fab3b50143c4ce585e67e5f9559438 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T13:55:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sara Azevedo Cardoso.pdf: 1703998 bytes, checksum: c0fab3b50143c4ce585e67e5f9559438 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / This Dissertation deals with the meanings attributed by low-income families in Recife / PE associated with Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Were used two cross theoretical perspectives to outline the concepts and processes of consuming presented here: the social sciences and semiotics. In the first case, the aim was to understand the family interactions of low-income segments and its effects on daily life in general, a basic research on consumption practices and its consequences. Semiotics, in turn, is configured as a tool for data analysis, in order to expand the meanings of such consumption practices to the public enclosed as part of the corpus. The field research took place in the Community Bode, in the Pina neighborhood, and has qualitative, ethnographic inspiration. To characterize the community and the families surveyed, data were taken collected by a market research on household budget (2012), which took place in the same territory and brought elements to the development of the object of study, namely the Internet consumption the expense of consumption of other goods and services (2015). The main results show that the Community Bode suffer stigmatization and isolation resulting from a marked historical process from colonization and that continues today. Within this process, there is a configuration opposite to Boa Viagem avenue, which, since its inception, received constant public investment and is one of the most valued residential areas of the city of Recife. With regard to the family, it was confirmed in the community the occurrence of traditional roles, with women in the center of relation to the group of consumption. Regarding the Internet meant for low-income families found that, beyond the perception of belonging to the contemporary, in the case of the public, who, entering late to this type of consumption, see the service contact possibilities for small businesses through social networks; leisure perspective at home for the children; and better retention of these at home, avoiding outputs for Internet public places such as Internet cafes, thus preventing the risks found in the community, especially the contact with the drug trafficking. / A presente Dissertação versa sobre os significados atribuídos por famílias de baixa renda residentes em Recife/PE associados Tecnologia da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC). Foram utilizadas duas perspectivas teóricas transversais para delinear os conceitos e os processos decorrentes do consumo aqui apresentados: as Ciências Sociais e a Semiótica. No caso da primeira, o intuito foi entender as interações familiares e sociais de segmentos de baixa renda e seus reflexos no cotidiano de uma forma geral, basilares numa investigação a respeito de práticas de consumo e suas decorrências. A semiótica, por sua vez, configurou-se como uma ferramenta para análise dos dados, com o intuito de ampliar os significados de tais práticas de consumo para o público delimitado como integrante do corpus. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu na Comunidade do Bode, no bairro do Pina, e tem natureza qualitativa, de inspiração etnográfica. Para a caracterização da Comunidade e das famílias pesquisadas, foram retomados dados coletados por uma pesquisa de mercado sobre orçamento doméstico (2012), ocorrida no mesmo território e que trouxe elementos para o desenvolvimento do objeto de estudo, qual seja, o consumo de Internet em detrimento do consumo de outros produtos e serviços (2015). Os principais resultados revelam que a Comunidade do Bode sofre estigmatizações e isolamento decorrentes de um processo histórico marcado desde a colonização e que perdura até hoje. Dentro desse processo, existe uma configuração oposta à Avenida Boa Viagem, que, desde a sua concepção, recebeu constantes investimentos públicos e é um dos espaços residenciais mais valorizados da cidade do Recife. No tocante à família, confirmou-se na comunidade a ocorrência de papeis tradicionais, tendo a mulher como centralizadora em relação ao consumo do grupo. Em relação aos significados da Internet para famílias de baixa renda constatou-se que, além da percepção de pertencimento à contemporaneidade, em se tratando deste público, que, ingressando tardiamente a este tipo de consumo, vê no serviço possibilidades de contatos para pequenos comércios através das redes sociais; a perspectiva de lazer em casa para os filhos; e uma maior permanência destes em casa, evitando saídas para locais de acesso público de Internet como lan houses, prevenindo assim os riscos encontrados na própria comunidade, principalmente o contato com o tráfico de drogas.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-19T17:11:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Paula Oliveira Farias.pdf: 458390 bytes, checksum: 177ae1686037c9ba17a91bd3068a2d56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T17:11:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Paula Oliveira Farias.pdf: 458390 bytes, checksum: 177ae1686037c9ba17a91bd3068a2d56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study was performed with the aim of to evaluate the “in vitro” acaricidal activity of the oil of the seed of andiroba against Boophilus microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Anocentor nitens; the biological activity of the third stage larvae (L3) of Musca domestica and the activity of the oil of the seed of andiroba on the larval culture of gastrointestinal nematodes of goat and sheep. The acaricidal activity in the related species of tick was carried by means of the engorged females immersion test, using groups of 10 engorged females with three repetitions for treatment; for the test with the third stage larvae (L3) of Musca domestica it had been formed four repetitions with 10 larvae for treatment. Strips of filter paper measuring 8.5 x 1.5cm (L x W) were soaked in 0.3ml of the solutions and controls, and next, they were introduced in test tubes, adding 1.30g of vermiculite, being the tubes closed with absorbent cotton. Daily observations were made for detection of mortality of larvae, formation of pupae and adults emergence. The activity of the oil of andiroba on larval culture of gastrointestinalnematodes was determined by the calculation of the percentages of reduction of infective larvae for gram of faeces, using three repetitions. For each experiment it had been used dilutions of 100%, 50%, 30%, 25% and 10% (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively) of the oil of the seed of andiroba, using tween 80 as detergent. Two groups had been formed as controls, one with deionized water and another one with tween 80 + deionized water. For the test of reduction of gastrointestinal infective larvae of nematodes, another group was added as positive control (doramectina). The results showed effectiveness of 100% for all the dilutions tested in the three species of ticks. In the test with L3 of de M. domestica, eight days after the accomplishment of the test, it was observed in the 100% concentration 20.0% of larval mortality and 62.5% of inhibition of emergency of adults, values significantly higher than those got in the other treated groups.In the test of reduction of gastrointestinal infective larvae of nematodes, effective reduction (> 90%) was obtained for 100%, 50% and 30% treatments in goat, and for all the treatments for sheep. / Avaliou-se “in vitro” a atividade acaricida do óleo da semente da andiroba contra Boophilus microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus e Anocentor nitens; a atividade biológica do óleo da semente de andiroba em larvas de terceiro estágio (L3) de Musca domestica e a atividade do óleo da semente da andiroba sobre o cultivo de larvas de nematóides gastrintestinais caprinos e ovinos. A atividade acaricida nas referidas espécies de carrapatos foi realizada por meio do teste de imersão de fêmeas ingurgitadas, utilizando-se grupos de 10 fêmeas ingurgitadas com três repetições por tratamento; para o teste com L3 de Musca domestica quatro repetições compostas por 10 larvas de terceiro estágio foram formadas. Tiras de papel filtro medindo 8,5 x 1,5cm (C x L) foram embebidas em 0,3ml das soluções do óleo de andiroba e controles, em seguida, colocadas dentro de tubos de ensaio, acrescentando-se 1,30g de vermiculita, introduzindo-se, então, as 10 larvas e vedando-se com algodão hidrófilo. Fez-se observação diária para detecção de mortalidade de larvas, pupação e emergência de adultos. A atividadedo óleo de andiroba sobre cultivos de L3 de nematóides gastrintestinais foi determinada pelo cálculo dos percentuais de redução de larvas infectantes por gramas de fezes (LPG), utilizando-se três repetições. Para cada experimento empregaram-se diluições de 100%, 50%, 30%, 25% e 10% (T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5 respectivamente) do óleo da semente de andiroba, utilizando-se tween 80 como dispersante. Formaram-se dois grupos controle, um com água destilada e outro com tween 80 + água destilada. Para o teste de redução de larvas infectantes de nematóides gastrintestinais, acrescentou-se um grupo controle positivo (doramectina). Os resultados revelaram eficácia de 100% para todas as diluições testadas nas três espécies de carrapatos. No teste com L3 de Musca domestica, após oito dias da realização do teste, na concentração de 100% obteve-se 20,0% de mortalidade larval e 62,5% de inibição de emergência de adultos, valoressignificativamente superiores aos obtidos nos demais tratamentos. No teste de redução do LPG de nematóides gastrintestinais, os resultados revelaram redução altamente efetiva (> 90%) no número de larvas totais para os tratamentos 100%, 50% e 30% em caprinos e em todos os tratamentos para a espécie ovina.

INTRODUÇÃO: A sexualidade, aspecto central do ser humano, influencia o bem estar global do individuo. Neste estudo foi avaliado como a violência por parceiro íntimo associa-se a dificuldades na esfera sexual, em puérperas, entre 6 e 18 meses após o parto. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal com 700 mulheres que realizaram o pré-natal em Unidade Básica de Saúde, na zona oeste de São Paulo, entre janeiro 2006 à março de 2007. Foram avaliadas dificuldades na esfera sexual, por meio de questionário e violência por parceiro íntimo, perpetrada somente antes do parto ou no puerpério, por meio de questionário estruturado para este fim. Depressão pós-parto foi avaliada por meio do instrumento SRQ 20, com ponto de corte de 7/8, sendo considerada variável mediadora. Para calcular os coeficientes de associação das vias diretas e indiretas na análise de mediação, foi utilizada análise estrutural (path analysis). RESULTADOS: As prevalências de dificuldades na esfera sexual, violência por parceiro íntimo e depressão pós parto encontradas foram de 30%, 42,8% e 27,8%, respectivamente. A violência ocorrida exclusivamente antes do parto não mostrou associação com dificuldades na esfera sexual pela via direta, nem tampouco pela via indireta por meio da depressão. DISCUSSÃO: Dificuldades na esfera sexual, violência por parceiro íntimo e depressão pós-parto foram muito prevalentes, portanto, a inclusão de questionamentos sobre sexualidade, violência e depressão puerperal no seguimento durante a gravidez e no puerpério é importante para atenção integral à saúde global da mulher. Futuras investigações sobre a relação entre violência, sexualidade e depressão no puerpério são recomendadas. Estudos longitudinais que incluam outros mediadores podem ser realizados para melhor entendimento da cadeia causal e elucidação das variáveis que influenciam, direta e/ou indiretamente, as questões da sexualidade no pós-parto / INTRODUCTION: Sexuality is one of the central aspect of human being and influences several aspects of physical and emotional well-being of the individual. In this study, we evaluated how intimate partner violence is associated with difficulties in the sexual field, in women in postpartum period, between 6 and 18 months after childbirth. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study with 700 women who received prenatal care in a basic health unit in the western area of São Paulo, between January 2006 and March 2007. Difficulties in the sexual field were evaluated through questionnaire and intimate partner violence, perpetrated just before childbirth or also / exclusively in the postpartum period, with a questionnaire structured for that purpose. postpartum depression was evaluated using the SRQ 20 instrument, with a cut-off point of 7/8, being considered as mediating variable. Path analysis was performed to know the different pathways: the direct association between outcome and exposure, and the indirect pathways through the mediator. RESULTS: Prevalence of difficulties in the sexual field, intimate partner violence and postpartum depression were 30%; 42.8%; 27.8%, respectively. Violence occurred exclusively prior to delivery showed no association whit difficulties in the sexual field in the direct path, neither they occur indirectly through postpartum depression. DISCUSSION: Considering that difficulties in the sexual field, intimate partner violence and postpartum depression were prevalent in this study, the inclusion of questions about sexuality, violence and depression is an important step towards integral attention to the global health of the women, given that these are topics usually relegated to a secondary level, at the follow-up of women, during pregnancy and in the puerperium. Longitudinal studies that include other mediators can be performed to better understand the causal chain and elucidation of the variables that influence, directly and / or indirectly, postpartum sexuality issues

Les marsupiaux naissent très immatures, mais doivent atteindre une tétine, sans aide de la mère, à laquelle ils s’attachent pour poursuivre leur développement. Des informations sensorielles sont nécessaires pour s’orienter vers la tétine, la trouver, et s’y attacher. Le système vestibulaire, associé au sens de l’équilibre, a été proposé comme pouvant guider les petits marsupiaux vers la tétine en agissant sur les réseaux moteurs spinaux. Diverses études des marsupiaux suggèrent que le développement de ce système pourrait être suffisamment avancé pour influencer les comportements moteurs chez les nouveau-nés, mais son fonctionnement n’a jamais été testé. Pour le faire, nous avons soumis des opossums âgés de P0 (jour de la naissance; postnatal 0) à P21 à des stimulations vestibulaires et traité les tissus de la tête par immunohistochimie pour révéler c-Fos, utilisé comme indicateur d’activité neuronale. Du marquage dans les noyaux vestibulaires a été observé seulement à partir de P15. Pour confirmer ces résultats, nous avons effectué deux types d’expériences de stimulation sur des préparations in vitro d’opossums et enregistré les réponses motrices induites. Ainsi, des élévations de la tête n’ont pas permis de déceler de réponse suite aux stimulations aux âges étudiés (P4-P12). Par contraste, des pressions mécaniques directement appliquées sur le labyrinthe afin de stimuler les organes vestibulaires ont entrainé des réponses à tous les âges testés (P1-P9). Nos résultats suggèrent que la fonction du système vestibulaire est limitée par la maturité de ses organes sensoriels, et qu’il n’influence pas la motricité des nouveau-nés d’opossum en conditions physiologiques avant environ la fin de la 2e semaine de vie, même si les voies nerveuses entre les organes vestibulaires et la moelle épinière semblent déjà établies à la naissance. / Marsupials are born very immature, but must nevertheless find a teat, unaided by the mother, to which they attach to pursue their development. Sensory inputs are necessary to find the teat and attach to it, but the senses involved are still under discussion. The vestibular system, responsible for the sense of balance, was proposed as influencing motor behavior of newborns in various marsupial species by an action on spinal motor networks. Studies in the opossum Monodelphis domestica suggest that the development of the vestibular system could be advanced enough to influence locomotion at birth but its functionality has never been tested. To do that, we subjected intact opossums aged P0 (Postnatal day 0 ; day of birth) to P21 to vestibular stimulations and immunohistochemically processed their brain tissues to reveal c-Fos, used as a marker of neuronal activity. Immunoreactivity of neurons in the vestibular nuclei was observed only from P15 onwards. To confirm those results, we performed two series of experiments on in vitro preparations of newborn opossums, using stimulation of the vestibular apparatus and physiological recording of the induced motor responses Thus, vertical head tilts did not induce motor response at any of the ages studied (P4-P12). In contrast, mechanical pressure applied on the labyrinth to stimulate the vestibular organs induced motor responses at all ages studied (P1-P9). Our results suggest that the vestibular system’s function is limited by the maturity of its sensory organs and that it can’t influence motor activity in physiological condition before the end of the 2nd postnatal week, even if functional pathways from the labyrinth to the spinal cord seem to be already in place at birth.

The thesis addresses issues related to the overbred population of feral pigeons (Columbia livia forma Domestica) in Czech towns. It approaches the subject from procedural, bureaucratic perspective. Specifically, the thesis examines the factors which affect the selection of methods of the feral pigeons' population regulation in four Czech towns: Special attention is devoted to the question whether the method of controlled city dovecotes, used to regulate pigeon populations, could come in useful in the Czech context. Research carried out for the thesis is qualitative; the data comes from semi-structured interviews with experts. Analysis of the collected data focuses on verification of authenticity of the provided information. Subsequently, effectiveness of cage entrapment, which considerably prevails over the other methods used, is considered in ethical, ecological, and economic respect. The thesis also surveys the health risk posed by the feral pigeon population to public and how views of the public concerning the issue affect the regulation process. The overall aim is to highlight the drawbacks of the decision making process, offer possible alternatives, and prompt more research.

<div>Forensic entomology is a subdiscipline of entomology that involves the use of insect behavior and developmental data to aid in criminal investigations. Genetic data has become increasingly important to the field as there has been a push for DNA-based species identification methods of forensically relevant insects. Genetic data can also elucidate population structure and relatedness of these insects, and such knowledge can contribute to the development of more specific datasets for insects in different regions. The first study presented here investigated the phylogenetics of sister species <i>Lucilia cuprina</i> and <i>Lucilia sericata</i> to identify possible subspecies divisions and issues with DNA-based identifications in the United States. The initial aim of this study was to identify genetic differences between specimens of <i>L. cuprina</i> that preferred live versus carrion flesh. Flies collected from Indiana, USA and South Africa were sequenced and analyzed. Upon sequencing of the genes <i>COI, Period,</i> and <i>28s,</i> our results indicated that <i>L. cuprina</i> from Indiana possess a unique combination of nuclear and mitochondrial haplotypes that suggest a unique lineage, possibly indicating modern hybridization with <i>L. sericata. </i>The inability of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes to distinguish between <i>L. cuprina</i> and <i>L. sericata</i> raises questions about the capabilities of DNA-based species identifications within this genus. Additionally, the inability of these genes to distinguish between specimens that preferred live versus carrion flesh highlights a need for continued research of these behavioral differences. The second study presented here investigated the population structure and relatedness of house flies in the American southwest in relation to a civil lawsuit where neighbors of a poultry farm alleged that flies were emanating from the farm to their homes. <i>Musca domestica</i> (house fly) specimens were collected from the chicken farm and from locations in varying directions and distances from the farm. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed and the data were used in a number of analyses. Population reallocation simulations generally indicated that samples from different locations were not genetically different enough from other locations to allocate to their true origin population over others. Kinship analysis showed differences in samples collected in a later season that indicate a genetic bottleneck over time. Population structure analysis indicated the presence of two intermixing genetic populations in the dataset. AMOVA revealed that the majority of genetic variation laid within, rather than among, populations. A Mantel test revealed no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. These results indicate that the <i>M. domestica</i> population in this region of southwestern America is large and intermixing, with no clear genetic distinctions between specimens collected at the poultry farm versus the surrounding locations. In regard to the civil lawsuit, it was not possible to conclude that the flies did not emanate from the poultry farm. In a broader perspective, these data can be utilized to develop pest management strategies in this region. Overall, the data from both studies presented here will be useful to forensic investigations, development of more specific and detailed data and identification techniques, and pest control measures.</div>

[pt] Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a análise da contribuição da política de assistência social na Rede Municipal de Atenção Integral à Criança e ao Adolescente de Niterói (Rede DCA) a partir da atuação do Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) no fluxo de atendimento aos casos de violência doméstica intra e extrafamiliar, privilegiando os entraves e possibilidades do trabalho intersetorial na efetiva garantia dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, concretizado através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com onze profissionais de diversas instâncias do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente de Niterói, submetidas à análise de conteúdo em sua modalidade temática. Os resultados apontam que a Rede DCA se configura como uma relevante iniciativa, decorrente da mobilização política de atores e instituições do poder público e da sociedade civil organizada, direcionada à proteção integral a crianças e adolescentes em Niterói, mesmo com os entraves ainda encontrados. O fluxo de atendimento aos casos de violência doméstica intra e extrafamiliar representa conquista coletiva a favor da delimitação das atribuições dos órgãos e serviços envolvidos no atendimento a crianças e adolescentes vítimas da violência doméstica e indica a capacidade de atuação intersetorial cada vez mais tangível de ser alcançada pela Rede DCA a partir do incremento das ações interdisciplinares e interinstitucionais já consolidadas. No entanto, o desafio identificado na compreensão acerca das atribuições do CREAS somado às dificuldades de interlocução entre os atores sociais partícipes do fluxo de atendimento, fazem com que este ainda não se mostre efetivo na operacionalização de ações intersetoriais necessárias à proteção integral a crianças e adolescentes. / [en] This research aims to analyze the social assistance policy contribution to the Municipal Children and Adolescents Integral Attention Network of Niterói (Rede DCA) as from the actions taken by the Social Assistance Specialized Reference Center (CREAS) at the attendance flow of intra and extrafamilial violence cases, emphasizing the hindrances and possibilities of intersectorial work in the effective assurance of children and adolescents rights. It is a qualitative study, that was accomplished through semi structured interviews with eleven professionals in different levels of the Children and Adolescents Rights Assurance System of Niterói, submitted to content analysis as from its theme modality. The results show that the Rede DCA configures a relevant initiative, resulting from the political mobilization of actors and institutions from public authority and organized civil society, directed at the integral protection of children and adolescents in Niterói, even with the hindrances still found. The attendance flow of intra and extrafamilial domestic violence cases represents a collective achievement in favor of attendance to children and adolescents victims of domestic violence involved services and organs attributions delimitation and indicates the intersectorial acting capacity more and more tangible to the Rede DCA as from the development of interdisciplinary and interinstitutional actions already consolidated. However, the challenge identified in the understanding of CREAS assignments added to the difficulties of interlocution between the participants social actors in the attendance flow, makes this still not effective in operationalize intersectorial actions needed for integral protection of children and adolescents.

<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; Cilj ove doktorske disertacije predstavljao je ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava i biolo&scaron;ke aktivnosti vodenih i metanolnih ekstrakata svežih i suvih plodova, kao&nbsp; i pekmeza&nbsp; pripremljenog&nbsp; po tradicionalnoj recepturi od plodova&nbsp; četiri (od kojih se jedna javlja u dve forme)&nbsp; samonike&nbsp; vrsta&nbsp; roda&nbsp; <em>Sorbus</em>&nbsp; L.:&nbsp; S.<em> aucuparia</em>, S.<em> domestica</em>, S. <em>torminalis</em>&nbsp; f.&nbsp; t<em>orminalis</em>, S. <em>torminalis</em>&nbsp; f. <em>semitorminalis</em>&nbsp; i&nbsp; S. intermedia Ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava obuhvatalo je LC-MS/MS analizu&nbsp; 44 odabrana fenolna jedinjenja&nbsp; i&nbsp; hinske kiseline (organska&nbsp; kiselina). Takođe, spektrofotometrijski je&nbsp; određen&nbsp; sadržaj&nbsp; ukupnih fenolnih i flavonoidnih jedinjenja, kao i&nbsp; sadržaj askorbinske kiseline. Evaluacija biolo&scaron;ke aktivnosti obuhvatala je&nbsp; <em>in vitro&nbsp; </em>ispitivanja antioksidantne aktivnosti, kao i ispitivanje uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta&nbsp; roda&nbsp;<em> Sorbus</em>&nbsp; na aktivnost enzima acetilholinesteraze, antimikrobni, kao i antiproliferativni potencijal.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; Sumiranjem dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da sveži i suvi plodovi ispitivanih vrsta&nbsp; <em>Sorbus</em>,&nbsp; kao i&nbsp; pekmezi&nbsp; predstavljaju&nbsp; umeren izvor&nbsp; fenolnih jedinjenja.&nbsp; Kao najzastupljenije fenolne kiseline izdvojile su se protokatehinska i&nbsp; ferulna, a među flavonoidima amentoflavon i kvercetin-3<em>-O-</em>glukozid.&nbsp; Pored toga, hinska kiselina je zabeležena u značajnoj količini u svim analiziranim ekstraktima.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ekstrakti ispitivanih vrsta pokazali su&nbsp; umeren&nbsp; antioksidantni potencijal koji se ogleda u njihovoj sposobnosti neutralizacije nekoliko radikalskih vrsta, redukcionom potencijalu i sposobnosti inhibicije lipidne peroksidacije.&nbsp; Ispitivanjem uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta&nbsp;<em> Sorbus</em>&nbsp; naaktivnost&nbsp; enzima&nbsp; acetilholinesteraze&nbsp; dokazana&nbsp; je&nbsp; jedino&nbsp; umerena aktivnost&nbsp; ekstrakata vrste&nbsp; <em>S. aucuparia</em>.&nbsp; Takođe, ispitivani ekstrakti&nbsp; vrsta roda&nbsp; <em>Sorbus</em>&nbsp; ispoljili su umerenu&nbsp; antimikrobnu&nbsp; aktivnost u pogledu inhibicije&nbsp; rasta Gram pozitivne bakterije,&nbsp; <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, i Gram negativne bakterije,&nbsp;<em> Escherichia coli</em>.&nbsp; Vodeni i metanolni ekstrakti svežih i suvih plodova vrste&nbsp; <em>S. aucuparia</em>&nbsp; pokazali su umeren i inhibitorni potencijal prema rastu tumorskih (HeLa, MCF7, HT-29), ali i netumorskih ćelijskih linija (MRC-5).&nbsp; Rezultati dobijeni u ovoj doktorskoj distertaciji&nbsp; ukazuju na značajan&nbsp; biopotencijal plodova i pekmeza&nbsp; ispitivanih vrsta&nbsp;<em> Sorbus</em>&nbsp; i ukazuju na njihovu primenu u prehrambenoj industriji u vidu funkcionalne hrane.</p> / <p>The aim of presented&nbsp; PhD&nbsp; thesis was investigation of phytochemical composition and biological activity of water and methanol extracts of fresh and air-dried&nbsp; fruits, as&nbsp;&nbsp; well&nbsp; as&nbsp; jam,&nbsp; made according to traditional recipe,&nbsp; of fruits&nbsp; of four&nbsp; (one of them occurs in two forms)&nbsp; wild growing&nbsp; <em>Sorbus</em>&nbsp; L. species:&nbsp; <em>S. aucuparia, S. domestica, S. torminalis&nbsp; f. torminalis, S. torminalis f. semitorminalis</em> and <em>S. intermedia</em>. Examination of phytochemical composition included LC-MS/MS analysis of 44 selected phenolic compounds&nbsp; and&nbsp; quinic acid (organic acid).&nbsp; Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as&nbsp; ascorbic acid&nbsp; content,&nbsp; were determined spectrophotometrically. Biological activity evaluation of extracts of<em>&nbsp; Sorbus</em>&nbsp; species included&nbsp;<em> in vitro&nbsp;</em> investigation of antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antimicrobial&nbsp; and cytotoxic activity.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; According to obtained results, fresh and air-dried&nbsp; fruits, as well as jam&nbsp; present&nbsp; moderate&nbsp; source of phenolic compounds. Amongs examined phenolic acids protocatechuic&nbsp; and ferulic acids were the most abundant, and amongs investigated flavonoids amentoflavone and quercetin-3-<em>O</em>-glucoside wete present in noticeable amount.&nbsp; Furthermore, high concentration of quinic acid was present in all examined extracts.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; Extracts of all examined species showed&nbsp; moderate&nbsp;&nbsp; antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging ability, reduction potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.&nbsp; Also, investigation of&nbsp; anti-acetylcholinesterase activity revealed moderate activity only of extracts of <em>S. aucuparia</em>. Furthermore, examinated extracts of<em> Sorbus</em> species showedmoderate antimicrobial activity against Gram&ndash;positive bacteria, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and Gram-negative bacteria,&nbsp;<em> Escherichia coli</em>.&nbsp; In addition, water&nbsp; and methanol&nbsp; extracts of fresh and air-dried&nbsp; fruits of&nbsp;<em> S.aucuparia</em>&nbsp; showed&nbsp; inhibitory activity toward&nbsp; tumor (HeLa, MCF7, HT-29), and also non-tumor (MRC-5) cell lines. Presented results indicate significant&nbsp; biopotential of examined&nbsp; fruits of&nbsp; <em>Sorbus&nbsp;</em> species&nbsp; and&nbsp; support their use in food industry as functional food.</p>