Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-03-04T17:33:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Urbano Rodrigues - 2015.pdf: 15132019 bytes, checksum: 433c4b69a18cc41d168afacdf984560d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-07T12:14:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Urbano Rodrigues - 2015.pdf: 15132019 bytes, checksum: 433c4b69a18cc41d168afacdf984560d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T12:14:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Urbano Rodrigues - 2015.pdf: 15132019 bytes, checksum: 433c4b69a18cc41d168afacdf984560d (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-01 / The cachaça is a type of drink distilled from sugar cane that has a great economic importance. Their classification includes three types: aged, premium and premium extra. These three classifications are related to the aging time drink in wooden barrels. Besides the aging time is relevant to know what the wood used in the barrels of storage for the properties of each drink are informed correctly to the consumer. This dissertation presented a method for the automatic recognition of the type of wood and the aging time using a computer vision system. The computer vision system is used in the analysis of the color models (RGB) additive and subtractive (CIELab) caught on digital camera. In association with computer vision, algorithmics, system of pattern recognition are used in conjunction with chemical information for the classification of samples. Went used four algorithmics: Artificial Neural network, k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbor), SVM (Support Vector Machines) and Naive Bayes. The end is used the ensemble AdaBoost, technique combining classifiers. In the study we used 108 samples of rum. The results obtained show that it was possible to obtain rates excess use of % 96.26 algorithmics of pattern recognition to the problem of the type of wood. The AdaBoost brought 100 indices % hit to the problem of classification of the type of wood and aging time. Your use proves that it is possible the sort of rum using only color model data contributing to a lower cost of production. / A cachaça é um tipo de bebida destilada a partir da cana-de-açúcar que possui uma grande importância econômica. Sua classificação inclui três tipos: envelhecida, premium e extra premium. Estas três classificações estão relacionadas ao tempo de envelhecimento da bebida em tonéis de madeira. Além do tempo de envelhecimento é relevante saber qual a madeira utilizada no tonél de armazenamento para que as propriedades de cada bebida sejam informadas corretamente ao consumidor. Neste trabalho é apresentado um método para o reconhecimento automático do tipo de madeira e do tempo de envelhecimento utilizando um sistema de visão computacional. O sistema de visão computacional é utilizado na análise dos modelos de cores aditivo (RGB) e subtrativo (CIELab) capturados por uma câmera digital. Em associação ao sistema de visão computacional, algoritmos de reconhecimento de padrões são utilizados em conjunto com informações químicas para a classificação das amostras. Para tal utiliza-se quatro algoritmos: Rede Neural Artificial, k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbor), SVM (Support Vector Machines) e Naive Bayes. Ao final é utilizado o ensemble AdaBoost, técnica que combina classificadores. No estudo foram utilizadas 108 amostras de cachaça. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que foi possível obter taxas superiores a 96,26% na utilização dos algoritmos de reconhecimento de padrões para o problema do tipo de madeira. O AdaBoost trouxe índices de 100% de acerto para o problema de classificação do tipo de madeira e tempo de envelhecimento. Sua utilização comprova que é possível a classificação de cachaça utilizando apenas dados do modelo de cores contribuindo para um menor custo de produção.

由於消費者需求日益多樣化且變化迅速、 同業競爭壓力及潛在競爭者與 日俱增、 天然原料逐漸匱乏且取得不易、政府法令及利益團體對產品的 要求漸多； 因此使得產品生命週期逐漸縮短，「產品」將是企業未來最 具威力之競爭武器。 而現有探討新產品發展管理的著作或論文，對於「 如何產生一個產品觀念」或「決定開發產品項目」，大多未能加以程序化 。因此經由行銷管理、新產品發展等學術領域角度， 來探討潛力產品可 能來源； 並且透過問卷及深度訪談，了解實務界運作情形；如此結合學 理與實務， 而建立的「潛力產品蒐尋架構」，實有其必要性和迫切性， 此亦為本研究之動機與目的。研究的重點乃在於建立潛力產品的蒐尋架構 ， 涉及之內容包括創意產生及篩選程序。 至於後續之新產品開發程序以 及研發部門之實務工程工作，並不在探討之範圍內。實證中係以「茶飲料 」作為研究產品。 茶飲料的定義為「利用茶葉或茶梗浸泡、萃取、調理 及添加糖水或調味料之飲料」。至於資料來源， 除利用人員訪問業界專 家所獲之初級資料外，並廣泛蒐集各種相關的次級資料，以為參考。 資 料分析方法則以專家意見法及包含 ARIMA 轉移函數、貝氏 RAS 法之市場 機會評核法為主，使用 SAS 軟體協助資料處理。研究結果發現總體及產 業環境變動情形， 會影響潛力產品出現時機，而驅動力量可分為消費者 、 先進國以及新技術驅動三大類來探討至於可行性評估則包括六大項， 並依產業、公司之不同，而有不同評估準則。 而以實證部份來說，此架 構業經個案公司驗證，確能契合業界所需。 同時此架構之特色在於建立 主動蒐尋創意方法、考慮外部環境影響因素， 以及將各種資料量化，使 模式具有可衡量性，此亦為研究之貢獻。由於實證對象僅以一家茶飲料廠 商為例，代表性較差。 而外部環境隨時均在改變，故必須隨時更正，才 能保證結論正確。 另外，市場機會評估模式依產業別或產品別不同，而 需個別建立，增加模式建立之複雜度。 最後經由架構分析後的資訊， 僅 能作為決策輔助，不能直接作為企業策略，仍需借助管理當局的經驗判斷 ，始能決定潛力產品。此皆造成研究限制。對於後續研究方向， 可針對 架構中之各個層面，做更深入的探討，以釐清因果關係。 或是採用各種 不同的預測方法，尋找可能潛力產品項目及發展潛力，並比較各種方法， 預測結果之信賴性及準確性。 並可對不同產品或公司，進行普遍性的調 查或統計檢定。 以了解產品特質或企業規模，對應用績效之影響。

Every year, approximately 17 500 drunk drivers are sued in Sweden. Of these, only 10 percent are women. The women are therefore considered a minority. In this study, I have taken interest in how the female drunk driver is constructed implemented by the probation service. By using critical discourse analysis I have found that the woman in these investigations is contributed the role of a deviant in two senses. She deviates because she is a woman who has committed a criminal deed and also because she often has problems with alcohol as well. I have found that the woman, because of these deviations, is depicted as a victim, both for the situation she is in and for her own actions.

Det övergripande syftet med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka vad som påverkar unga mopedförares intentioner till att köra alkoholpåverkade.  Ytterligare ett syfte var att belysa de generella attityder till alkohol- och trafikrelaterade frågor som finns bland svenska ungdomar. Samtliga resultat och analyser baserades på en enkätundersökning utförd av Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI). Enkäten vände sig till gymnasieelever och i analyserna behandlades svar från 1 933 elever i åldersintervallet 15 – 21 år. De statistiska analyserna innefattade χ2-test samt en ordinal logistisk regressionsmodell. Resultaten visade att ungdomarna generellt såg det som oacceptabelt att köra moped med alkohol i blodet. Dock trodde de inte i riktigt lika hög utsträckning att bästa kompisen såg det som oacceptabelt. Det som visade sig ha störst påverkan på ungdomarnas intentioner till att köra mopedonyktra var hur troligt de ansåg det vara att bästa kompisen skulle köra i samma situation. Resultaten visade även att personer som tidigare kört påverkade besitter en klart högre intention att åter köra mopedonyktra. / The overall objective of this report was to examine what affect young moped driver’s intentions to drive after drinking alcohol. A further aim was to illustrate Swedish adolescent’s attitudes towards alcohol and traffic in general. All results and analysis are based on a survey created by Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI). The survey was addressed to high school students and the analysis consisted of answers from 1 933 students in the age of 15 - 21 years. The statistical analysis included χ2-tests as well as an ordinal logistic regression model. The results showed that adolescents in general thought it was an unacceptable behavior to drink and drive. However, the extent of expected acceptance level was higher when assessing their friend’s opinion. What proved to be most essential for the adolescent’s intentions was how likely they considered it to be that their best friends would drive in the same situation. The results also showed that a person with earlier experience of driving a moped with influence of alcohol or drugs has a clearly higher intention to drink and drive again.

<p>Every year, approximately 17 500 drunk drivers are sued in Sweden. Of these, only 10 percent are women. The women are therefore considered a minority. In this study, I have taken interest in how the female drunk driver is constructed implemented by the probation service. By using critical discourse analysis I have found that the woman in these investigations is contributed the role of a deviant in two senses. She deviates because she is a woman who has committed a criminal deed and also because she often has problems with alcohol as well. I have found that the woman, because of these deviations, is depicted as a victim, both for the situation she is in and for her own actions.</p>

Job insecurity in the current global climate has escalated and more organisations are engaged in downsizing and restructuring in an attempt to survive under difficult economic conditions. At the same time, organisations are also exposed to structural reforms and international competition leading to transformations in the labour market. Jordan, Ashkanasy and Hartel (2002) developed a model to explain the effect of job insecurity on employees’ coping behaviour. In their two stage model they propose that perceptions of job insecurity could lead to lower affective organisational commitment and higher job-related stress which in turn could lead to negative coping behaviour. They then include emotional intelligence - a moderator linking the above-mentioned constructs. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether this model will be applicable to a national soft drink company in South Africa. A literature review was conducted to determine how emotional intelligence, job insecurity, affective organisational commitment, job-related stress, and coping behaviour were conceptualised. The relationships between these constructs and the role of emotional intelligence as moderator were also determined. This was done to investigate the model of Jordan et al. (2002). A cross-sectional research design was used for the purpose of this study. Managers of a national soft drink company were the participants. The Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) (Schutte et al., 1998); the Job Insecurity Questionnaire (JIQ) of De Witte, (2000); the Organisational Commitment Questionnaire of Meyer and Allen (1997); the COPE Questionnaire of Carver, Scheier and Weintraub (1989); and the Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire (WLQ) of Van Zyl and Van der Walt (1991), including the biographical questionnaire, were utilised. The SPSS programme was used to perform the statistical analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Cronbach alpha coefficients were used to assess the reliability; and explorative factor analysis was conducted to assess the validity of the measuring instruments. Pearson’s product-moment coefficients were used to specify the relationships between the variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the moderating influence of emotional intelligence. It was determined that, in this specific research group, job insecurity has a negative correlation with affective organisational commitment, but job insecurity has a positive correlation with job-related tension. A positive correlation was found between job-related tension and negative coping behaviours, such as denial, behavioural disengagement, mental disengagement or alcohol-drug disengagement. A negative correlation was found between job-related tension and affective organisational commitment. Furthermore, job insecurity was found to have a negative correlation with affective organisational commitment. Lastly, problem-focused coping has a positive relationship with emotion-focused coping. All of these correlations were statistically and practically significant. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the moderating effect of emotional intelligence as mentioned above. The results indicated emotional intelligence does not moderate any of the relationships between the constructs. Conclusions and limitations of this research and recommendations for the national soft drink organisation as well as for future research were made. / MA, Industrial Psychology, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

During adolescence, the nutritional needs are higher than at any other time in the lifecycle. Childhood food practices persist into late adolescence and children's food preferences predict their food consumption patterns. Therefore, it is important to understand what influences their preferences and how they change over time. The main objective of this part of the THUSA BANA study was to investigate the eating habits of children aged 10-15 years in the North West Province (NWP). A cross-sectional design was used to investigate the eating habits of the children. A single, random sample, stratified for gender (male/female) and ethnic group (black, white, coloured, Indian) was drawn from schools (primary/secondary) in the five regions in the NWP. Dietary intake data (24-h recall method) were used to evaluate the adequacy of nutrient intakes, while frequencies and mean quantities of food intakes and an eating habits questionnaire were used to establish patterns of intake to identify dietary practices. Overall the diets of children 10-15 years of age were deficient in various micronutrients. The RD/Al's were not met for vitamin A, C, E, folate, pantothenic acid, biotin, calcium, magnesium, zinc and copper. The intake of fibre was low. Girls skipped breakfast more often than boys and children from informal settlements skipped breakfast more often than children from rural and urban areas. A significantly lower BMI was found for the children having breakfast when observing all the children, but not for different age and gender groups. The reason given most for skipping breakfast was not being hungry in the morning, but food availability which may have also played a role. The skipping of breakfast was associated with a lower diet quality. A low intake of fruit and vegetables and high intake of snacks were apparent. The intake of snacks, such as chips, cheese curls and sweets were reported more frequently than fruit or vegetables. Small milk portions and large portions of cold drink were reported, suggesting that cold drink is replacing milk in the diet. Overweight children consumed smaller portions of milk, though no correlation between calcium intake and BMI was found. Overweight boys consumed more carbonated cold drink and overweight girls consumed more squash, showing cold drink intake may be positively related to overweight. The snacks consumed were not nutrient dense and were consumed very regularly. The high intake of snacks may contribute to the low micronutrient and fibre intake. The importance of fruit, vegetables, milk, breakfast and high nutrient dense snacks needs to be emphasized with both the children and their parents. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Animal models are crucial to improve the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the different pathological processes. These models are also excellent tools to facilitate the research of new targets for the treatment of different diseases and to evaluate the benefit/risk ratio of the potential new treatments. We have focussed this research work in the study of a new potential targets for pain, cognitive and eating disorders using new animal models developed in our laboratory. We first investigated the effects of the interaction between cannabinoids and nicotine on cognitive processes and metabolism using different behavioural models and new experimental devices. In a second part of this work, we investigated new therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain and for this purpose we developed a new behavioural model to improve the study of the therapeutic potential and possible side-effects of novel compounds. / Los modelos animales son cruciales para mejorar el conocimiento sobre los mecanismos que constituyen la base de los diversos procesos patológicos. Estos modelos representan también excelentes herramientas para facilitar la investigación de nuevas dianas para el tratamiento de estas enfermedades y para evaluar el cociente beneficio/riesgo de los nuevos tratamientos potenciales. Este trabajo de investigación se encuentra centrado en el estudio de nuevos dianas terapéuticas para el dolor, los procesos cognitivos y los desórdenes alimentarios utilizando nuevos modelos animales desarrollados en nuestro laboratorio. En primer lugar, hemos investigado los efectos de la interacción entre los cannabinoinoides y la nicotina a nivel los procesos cognitivos y del metabolismo usando diversos modelos comportamentales y nuevos dispositivos experimentales. En una segunda parte de este trabajo, hemos estudiado nuevas dianas terapéuticas para el dolor neuropático y hemos desarrollado para este propósito un nuevo modelo comportamental que permite evaluar el potencial terapéutico y los posibles efectos secundarios de nuevos compuestos.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 145-150).

The aim of this study was to determine a carbon and water footprint for a beverage manufacturing company. The carbon footprint etermination was conducted on Scope 1 and Scope 2. The water footprint was determined on the blue water and grey water. The beverage production volumes of the beverage manufacturing company were used to determine both the carbon and the water footprint. The theoretical background to this study was based on both local and international beverage companies and the outcome for the carbon and water footprint was benchmarked against the local and international companies. The objectives of this study were achieved by calculating a carbon and water footprint for the beverage company. The carbon footprint unit of measure is g CO2e / litre produced and the water footprint is litre water/litre produced. The unit of measure for pollutant grey water footprint is measured in milligram. Based on the results achieved in this study, commendations for carbon and water footprint reductions were made to the beverage company. Reduction targets for production year 2020 were also recommended based on the implementation of the reduction plans. / Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)