International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Today’s telemetry systems can reduce spectrum demand and maintain secure voice by encoding analog voice into digital data using; Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation ( CVSD ) format and imbedding it into a telemetry stream. The model CSC-0390 DvD system is an excellent choice in decoding digital voice, designed with flexibility, efficiency, and simplicity in mind. Flexibility in design brings forth a capability of operating on a wide variety of telemetry systems and data formats without any specialized interfaces. The utilization of 74HC series circuit technology makes this DvD system efficient in design, low cost, and lower power consumption. In addition the front panel display and control function is also is an example of Simplicity in design and operation.

Bibliographic identification ŠATRA, Michal: The historical development of the technique of swimming styles in connection with changes in the rules [Diploma thesis]. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. Department of Swimming. Supervisor: Mgr. Babeta Chrzanowská. Prague: FTVS UK, 2012. Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of the techniques of each individual swimming style on the basis of all available materials and to discover its connection with significant changes in the respective style's rules. The purpose of this thesis is to point out the most important changes in the rules of swimming within their historical context. A DVD which contains a practical demonstration of various swimming styles forms part of this work. Keywords Swimming, free style, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly, swimming style, swimming technique, historical development, contemporary style, rules, historical photos, DVD.

無形資產中的智慧財產權與其他財產一樣，都是使競爭性的市場經濟得以發揮機能的必要條件，因為使用智慧財產權而賺得的利潤，對發明人而言是其創新的報酬，而對於向別人購買權利的人而言，亦必須因此而付出相當代價。這利潤無形中激勵了原來從事研究發展的那一方，如此一來，創新者賺取較多利潤並能長期保持競爭優勢，會更鼓勵更多的人願意投入創新發明。 本研究企圖將智慧財產權視為一項企業資源，將其視為可以商品化交易的商品，而研究其中研發所投入的成本、所投入的代價，如何在市場的交易買賣中，獲得回饋與報酬，或是形成企業的核心資源，在對價格的認知提供企業思考的方向。 本研究另一主要目的在於探討智慧財產權中專利權，其主張專利範圍權限的核心--「申請專利範圍」(claim)，述說其滿足要件、撰寫原則、侵權理論，將專利權中的申請專利範圍做全方位的分析，並說明在侵權損害認定上的優劣，提供企業在申請專利時應妥善思考的方向。 而在「專利計價模式」方面，除了整合世界各國的專利計價模式，並對專利計價模式與公司智慧財產權策略之關係，作更明確的剖析。 最後則以國內 DVD 光碟機產業為例，訪談國內企業在面對專利的評價時應有的認知與應採取的策略，並且訪問國內智慧財產保護頗有成就的公司輿相關領域專家，企圖對於企業在專利授權或是專利策略評估時，提供更明確的價格觀念，以免除其誤蹈專利地雷的窘境。 智慧財產權中，有關專利權在實務上，通常較為人注意的是法律層次的問題，而在專利權價值方面，一般文獻均歸類於會計層次，甚少將法律與評價問題作歸納整合。本研究企圖將兩者作更緊密的連結，並且歸納出有關的策略議題，期能對國內廠商在面對國外廠商索求專利權與公司內部專利權的價值評估時，有一較清楚的方向。 / Patent Pricing for DVD Technology In the business of high technology manufacturing and marketing, intellectual property is a company's lifeblood. As with any other assets, intellectual property assets must be carefully managed. When it come to manage intellectual property assets, your company's main challenge will lie in skillfully navigating a minefield of existing or pending patents, both to produce goods that do'nt infringe on other companies' right and to vouchsafe rights that will secure your marketshare. Concern for those issues is especially important when your company seeks financing. Inventors need assurance that their investment will not be endangered by infringement litigation or by poorly framed intellectual property right that do not adequately stake out a share of the company's markets Intellectual property right (IPR) encourages the R&D, and protect their IPR by litigation. In another way, the exhibition of IPR will light a way for another companies to avoid infrigement and can take more research in new product or process. The research attempt to view IPR - especially patent, as industrial resources, and make it exchangeable just like merchandise. When patent is exchanged in industrial market, how to evaluate its price? How to determine the price? According to industry norm or R&D expense? Whether to sell it or keep it in company as core competence? The research will focus on another topic -- the patent "Claim", will estate the condition of patent, the principles of patent, the infringement theory. And research will identify this topic and give a clear way for company when considering IPR. Thesis also integrates all the patent pricing models and list the relationship between pricing theory and IPR strategies. It will use the tomorrow star industry - DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) industry as a example, because it is the way for Taiwan to approach the high technology and DVD will knock the heaven's door for next century. The paper outlines all the founded documents and visit the field expert and list all the patents for various technologies, take reaserch about the determination of price and give a clear direction for Taiwan DVD industry.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

This thesis is about covers of books and DVD movies. I have tried to find out if the visual communication of the covers differs between the book and movie with the same story. Do they appeal to different target groups? I have also been trying to find out what designers can do to increase the visibility of covers among others. Are there certain rules to follow for making a cover visible? To reach a conclusion I have been studying components in advertising pictures, since covers work as a kind of advertiser for the product. I have also been studying visual communication and how designers use advertising pictures to communicate with the observer. Semiotics, advertising and comparisons between the covers have been my method for analyze. I have come to the colclusion that covers of books and DVD movies do communicate in different ways and partly to different target groups. There are certain rules to follow if you want to increase the visibility of a picture among others. The results indicate that the book covers have an older target group than the DVD covers.

The integration of ICT within the new Curriculum of the National Education Department of South Africa into Learning Areas is important for pre-service teacher training at university. The Learning Area Social Sciences (LASS) pre-service teachers are exposed to the integration of ICT and multimedia resources in teaching and learning. They can be trained to plan lessons that are more active and learner-centered and so slow the widening gap between South Africa and the developed world with respect to ICT integration and the use of multimedia resources in teaching and learning at schools. The interactive digital video disc (DVD) and portable DVD player is a cheap, accessible, and practical alternative that ensures the integration of ICT and a variety of multimedia resources, in teaching and learning within LASS. The purpose of this study within the LASS is to determine what type of multimedia resources can be used to the benefit of student learning; what the structure and format of the multimedia on the DVD should look like to achieve selected learning outcomes; and to determine how one can integrate ICT, specifically the DVD, into teaching and learning. A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Four intact groups were exposed to different experimental treatments/interventions and the four groups acted as their own controls. The control group always consisted of two groups. The participants included the total population of bona fide, full-time, first-year students taking the compulsory module in LASS as part of the BEd Intermediated and Senior phase Programme at the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus). They were exposed to class tests, a semester test and an examination as measuring instruments. The material developed for the intervention was two multimedia DVDs. The one contained predominantly text with audio (DVD 1) and the other contained still graphics, audio, text and video, etc. (DVD 2). Two DVDs were made for History and two for Geography, respectively, for each of the four interventions. The data was analysed by means of an ANCOVA. It compared the variances (s2) within and across the three groups (two separate experimental groups and two groups combined to form one control group), controlling for the covariate (ability measured by the pre-test). The results of the study found that the type of multimedia resources used to the benefit of LASS student learning within the disciplines of History and Geography include multimedia such as visual and moving images and text with educational content. The nature of History and Geography themes are factors that need to be taken into consideration when deciding on the structure and format of the multimedia on the DVD to ensure that student learning within the LASS achieves the selected learning outcomes. It was also found that ICT, specifically the DVD, and multimedia can be integrated successfully in the teaching and learning of the LASS. The study found that the integration of DVDs and multimedia in the LASS can be applied at tertiary level in a developing country without placing participants at a disadvantage. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The integration of ICT within the new Curriculum of the National Education Department of South Africa into Learning Areas is important for pre-service teacher training at university. The Learning Area Social Sciences (LASS) pre-service teachers are exposed to the integration of ICT and multimedia resources in teaching and learning. They can be trained to plan lessons that are more active and learner-centered and so slow the widening gap between South Africa and the developed world with respect to ICT integration and the use of multimedia resources in teaching and learning at schools. The interactive digital video disc (DVD) and portable DVD player is a cheap, accessible, and practical alternative that ensures the integration of ICT and a variety of multimedia resources, in teaching and learning within LASS. The purpose of this study within the LASS is to determine what type of multimedia resources can be used to the benefit of student learning; what the structure and format of the multimedia on the DVD should look like to achieve selected learning outcomes; and to determine how one can integrate ICT, specifically the DVD, into teaching and learning. A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Four intact groups were exposed to different experimental treatments/interventions and the four groups acted as their own controls. The control group always consisted of two groups. The participants included the total population of bona fide, full-time, first-year students taking the compulsory module in LASS as part of the BEd Intermediated and Senior phase Programme at the North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus). They were exposed to class tests, a semester test and an examination as measuring instruments. The material developed for the intervention was two multimedia DVDs. The one contained predominantly text with audio (DVD 1) and the other contained still graphics, audio, text and video, etc. (DVD 2). Two DVDs were made for History and two for Geography, respectively, for each of the four interventions. The data was analysed by means of an ANCOVA. It compared the variances (s2) within and across the three groups (two separate experimental groups and two groups combined to form one control group), controlling for the covariate (ability measured by the pre-test). The results of the study found that the type of multimedia resources used to the benefit of LASS student learning within the disciplines of History and Geography include multimedia such as visual and moving images and text with educational content. The nature of History and Geography themes are factors that need to be taken into consideration when deciding on the structure and format of the multimedia on the DVD to ensure that student learning within the LASS achieves the selected learning outcomes. It was also found that ICT, specifically the DVD, and multimedia can be integrated successfully in the teaching and learning of the LASS. The study found that the integration of DVDs and multimedia in the LASS can be applied at tertiary level in a developing country without placing participants at a disadvantage. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

本研究的個案是系統單晶片企業，系統單晶片是電子系統的核心，因此該企業對於下游電子產品的發展扮演著舉足輕重的角色，是積體電路產業價值鍊最高價值的一環。本研究的主要目的是藉著一個極為成功的系統單晶片設計公司的成長軌跡與其相關的產業歷史，透過還原當時的時空環境了解並分析其經營策略的本質，以建立適合系統單晶片設計公司之經營策略本質的分析架構，同時實證其分析的結果，藉以尋求其研究問題「後進者的成功經營策為何?」的解答，並從個案企業的歷史中找出常被忽略的寶貴的經營智慧，而另一目的是能夠藉著收集具有時間標記的經營事件，提供豐富的研究素材給有興趣系統單晶片設計產業做更進一步或其他主題的研究。 一開始的動機是為了解答「後進者的成功經營策為何?」這個問題，但研究之後發現這是一個很有可能沒有通用解的問題，因此本研究轉從「策略本質的思考」出發，試著從個案公司的各個不同系統單晶片產品及其下游相關的產業的事件中，進行分析、推理、歸納與實證所關心的議題，其中個案分析主要包括四個產業：（一）光碟機產業；（二）DVD播放機產業；（三）數位電視機產業；（四）手機產業。其中每一個產業的故事都以某一個案的企業發展為中心，以時間的先後呈現，描述當時的產業環境、企業狀態、決策的因果關係，以及如何執行與執行結果。為了解答「後進者的成功經營策為何?」這個的大問題，同時從個案的分析與理論推論研究，從不同方向的思考並嚴謹的歸納與分析提出以下的研究發現：（一）從行銷理論分析策略本質；（二）以利潤方程式分析策略本質；（三）SOC晶片訂價策略；（四）從動態能耐的架構分析策略本質；（五）後進者的經營策略；（六）成長與新產品選擇的策略；(七)經營智慧的闡述。希望能提供企業經營者策略思考的架構，而建構出適合自己的經營策略。 本研究藉著邱志聖「行銷理論」中產品的「外顯」與「內隱」之價值分析方法，發展出「（一）從行銷理論分析策略本質」之研究發現中一系列的理論，並以此為基礎，輔助論證其他的研究發現，再根據「利潤彈性」的定義，提出可以以嚴謹的數學証明的一系列有關訂價的創新的理論，以此為基礎進而提出「（三）SOC晶片訂價策略」，再藉著「（四）從動態能耐的架構分析策略本質」的個案研究，發現組織的能耐與低成本優勢有的強烈的相關性，整合以上相關的研究發現，進而提出「（五）後進者的經營策略」，以創新「先進者支援的兩難」理論為切入點，並根據以上研究的結論，提出「後進者的成功經營策為何?」的參考解答。當企業成功之後，必然會面臨成長的困境，因此本研究從個案的深入分析，提出所應採取的「（六）成長與新產品選擇的策略」，以及最後提醒經營者一些知易行難的「(七)經營智慧的闡述」。 根據TEEC的「動態能耐」的理論，企業的策略深受「路徑相依性」的影響，且當不同企業的內部狀態或外部環境不同時其所需的策略也不一樣，因此後進者僅採用模仿的策略是不易成功，所以企業必需要思索適合自身的策略，並透過策略本質的分析，檢驗其策略是否有效，然而任何策略分析的方法都有其盲點，因 此分析或擬定策略時要依據競爭對手與產業特性選數種適合分析的架構進行分析，才能夠互相印證與互補，並思考其矛盾之處以避免致命的盲點，因此本論文提出專為系統單晶片設計企業策略本質的思考之架構以檢驗其策略有效性。 / The System on Chip (SOC) is the core of the electric system of an electric end product. Therefore, the firms that design and produce the SOC play the critical role in the development of the end product and contribute the most valuable part in the IC industry chain. The purposes of this paper are to develope the strategies and wisdoms of management as well as the frame structure for analyzing the essence of management strategies for the late comer. In the case study, there are the companies have been very successful in the world. In the cases, there are a lot of time-marked traces of the growth of the successful firm and its related industry history so that we can clarify what and why the strategies were executed at that time by analyzing the sequences of the management decisions and their consequences. Additionally, I hope the case stories can be utilized for the further research or another related research. Initially in this research we focused only on the topic of the question“What are the effective management strategies for the late comer”. However, after further studies we found that the general answers for the big question might not exit; therefore, we adjusted the research direction and converted to focus on the topic of the essence of the analysis of the management strategies. In the studied case, there are four different kinds of SOC products including optic storage chip, DVD player chip, digital TV chip and handset chip and their related industries. In the story of each product case, the main stream of the story keeps close track of the situation of the management decisions making, the status of the execution by the studied firms and their consequences in timing sequence so that the evolution of the environment of the firms and the industries can be shown clearly. To study for the answer of the big question “What are the effective management strategies for the late comer”, firstly we analyze the cases and simultaneously study the related theories. Secondly we transform the big question into the following seven research subtopics: (1) Analyzing the essence of the management strategies based on the marketing promotion theory, (2) Analyzing the essence of the management strategies by the net profit, (3) Pricing strategies for the SOC products, (4) Analyzing the essence of the management strategies by the perspective of the“Dynamic capabilities”, (5) Management strategies for the late comer, (6) Strategies for the growth and new products selection, and (7) Wisdom of management. Finally, we hope this thesis can provide managers with the frame structure for both thinking and analyzing the strategies so that managers can develop the best strategies for themselves. There are some kinds of logical relation among the theories developed in the above subtopics. The foundation of theories of“Analyzing the essence of the management strategies”is the value proposition that bases on the analysis of the explicit value and implicit value in the marketing promotion theory. Theories of“Analyzing the essence of the management strategies”are one of the most fundamental pillars that support the other theories in this thesis. According to the definition of elasticity of net profit in this thesis, we can deduce some innovative and valuable theories by the rigid mathematical reasoning. Furthermore, we can develop the innovative theories “(3) Pricing strategies for the SOC product”. In addition to developing the above theories, we apply the theory of “Dynamic capabilities” to analyze the strategies in the case stories to find the effective cost advantage is supported by the capabilities of organization with effectiveness and efficiency. We integrate the above theories to propose “(5) Management strategies for the late comer”. A firm will eventually confront the saturation of the growth after its successful startup. To solve this issue, we base on the deep investigation of the cases and some theories developed in this thesis, we propose “(6) Strategies for growth as well as new products selection”. Finally from the case stories, we abstract some both valuable and critical wisdoms that are easy understood but they are hard to be practiced due to the human natural weakness. According to “Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management” by TEECE, the strategies for a firm strongly depend on the path that the firm has experienced, thus the imitative strategies from its rival is usually not effective just because their paths they passed are different, not to mention that neither their environments nor the conditions of the firms are totally different. Therefore, a firm works out any strategies and then its managers have to carefully check the effectiveness of the strategies by analyzing their essence of the strategies and then modify them before they are executed. However, any framework for analyzing strategy has its blindspots. To avoid the strategic blindspots, we have to use several different and suitable frameworks to analyze the strategies, and then check if there are any conflicts among the results from different frameworks analyzing, we have to deliberate to find why and how to solve the conflicts. Therefore, we develop a new frame work that appropriately analyzes the strategies of both the SOC firm-level and their products with a totally different perspective

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