The purpose of this thesis is to develop a simple Direct Ink Writing (DIW) method for fabricating intrinsically stretchable microsupercapacitors as ef- fective on-chip energy storage devices for the emerging stretchable electron- ics. Using the printing method for fabricating intrinsically stretchable elec- tronic components remains a novel approach. In this thesis, interdigitated structures of intrinsically stretchable electrodes were printed on a stretchable thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) substrate using a formulated ink based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrene Sulfonate. Formulated elec- trolytes based on Poly(4-styrene Sulfonic Acid) and Phosphoric Acid were applied to the electrodes to complete the fabrication of microsupercapacitors. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) and Elec- trochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the per- formance of the devices. The stretchability of the electrodes was also mea- sured. Results from CV-measurements revealed a maximum capacitance of740 µF cm−2 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. GCD-measurements showed a capaci- tance of 952 µF cm−2 for the same device and an equivalent series resistance of approximately 7 kΩ. The printed electrodes exhibited a stretchability of 80%. The results show the feasibility of fabricating intrinsically stretchable energystorage devices using commercially available materials and a simple 3D print- ing technique. This method could be used as a high-throughput and low-cost method for stretchable electronics applications. / Syftet med detta arbete är att utveckla en simpel Direct Ink Writing (DIW) metod för framställning av intrinsiskt sträckbara mikrosuperkondensatorer som effektiva on-chip energilagrinsenheter i kommande sträckbar elektronik. Användandet av DIW för att tillverka intrinsiskt sträckbara elektroniska kom- ponenter är ett nytt tillvägagångssätt. I detta arbete trycktes interdigiterade strukturer av intrinsiskt sträckbara elektroder på ett sträckbart termoplastiskt polyuretan (TPU) substrat genom att använda ett formulerat bläck baserat på Poly(3,4-etylendioxitiofen):Polystyren Sulfonat (PEDOT:PSS). Formuler- ade elektrolyter baserade på Poly(4-styrensulfonsyra) och Fosforsyra applicer- ades på elektroderna för att färdigställa tillverkningen av mikrosuperkonden- satorer. Cyklisk Voltammetri (CV), Galvanostatisk uppladdning-urladdning (eng. GCD) och Elektrokemisk Impedansspektroskopi (EIS) användes för att karaktärisera enheternas prestanda. Bläckets sträckbarhet uppmättes också. Resultaten från CV-mätningar visade att den maximala kapacitansen var 742µF cm−2 vid skanningsfrekvensen 5 mV s−1. Kapacitansen från GCD-mätningar var 952 µF cm−2 för samma enhet och den ekvivalenta serieresistansen var cirka 7 kΩ. Sträckbarheten som de tryckta elektroderna uppvisade var 80%. . Re- sultaten påvisar möjligheten att kunna framställa intrinsiskt sträckbara en-ergilagringsenheter genom att använda kommersiellt tillgängliga material och en simpel metod för friformsframställning. Denna metod skulle kunna använ- das för att framställa sträckbara elektroniska komponenter till låg kostnad och med hög produktionstakt.

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[pt] No presente trabalho realizou-se um estudo preliminar do desempenho de três luminóforos, sendo eles um composto a base de pontos quânticos de grafeno (GQDs) e dois compostos do tipo benzotiadiazola (BTDs), na formulação de tintas de segurança, com a intenção de avaliar a capacidade dessas substâncias de conferirem a um determinado produto características de autenticidade, durabilidade e confiabilidade metrológica. Para tal, foi desenvolvida uma sequência de ensaios a serem aplicados em formulações de tintas líquidas contendo o pigmento. As tintas formuladas foram submetidas a testes de durabilidade, incluindo resistências químicas, físicas e mecânicas. A exposição contínua a luminosidade promoveu degradação precoce das amostras contendo GQDs (nível 1 escala de lã azul), que foi então descartada com opção viável. Os testes prosseguiram para as tintas contendo BTDs, onde apenas uma das formulações foi aprovada quanto ao teste de abrasão contra papel. No tocante às resistências químicas e ao calor, as BTDs apresentaram desempenho aceitável, atendendo aos requisitos da norma técnica ISO 10373-1 e do documento orientativo publicado pela Organização da Aviação Civil Internacional – OACI (em inglês, ICAO), para qualidade de cartões inteligentes e passaportes. Após tratamento estatístico dos dados, considerando o teste de Mann-Whitney como ferramenta de avaliação, foi possível concluir que a amostras a base de BTDs, ora denominada BTD-01, apresentou desempenho satisfatório para aplicação como marcador de segurança. / [en] In the present work a preliminary study regarding the evaluation of two BTD-based compounds and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as luminophores in the formulation of security inks was achieved. The intention was to determine the ability of these substances to promote to a given product characteristics of authenticity, durability and, metrological reliability. For this purpose, a sequence of tests was developed using liquid inks containing the pigments on its formulations. The formulated inks were subjected to durability tests, including chemical, physical and mechanical resistances. Continuous exposure to light led to early degradation of samples containing GQDs (level 1 blue wool scale), which was then discarded as a viable option. The inks containing BTDs where further explored, where only one of the formulations was approved at the quartant abrasion test against paper. Regarding the chemical and heat resistance, the BTDs presented acceptable performance, meeting the requirements of the ISO 10373-1 technical standard and the guidance document published by the International Civil Aviation Organization - ICAO, for the quality of smart cards and passports. After statistical treatment of the data, considering the Mann-Whitney test as an evaluation tool, it was possible to conclude that the samples based on BTDs, here called BTD-01, presented satisfactory performance for application as a security taggant.

In dieser Arbeit wurde eine neue Markierungsstrategie von Antikörpern mit dem Markierungsreagenz MeCAT (Metal Coded Tag) unter physiologischen Reaktionsbedingungen, sowie deren Anwendung in einem 8-fach Multiplex-Immunoassay von in Formalin-fixierten und in Paraffin-eingebetteten Gewebeschnitten entwickelt. Für eine aussagekräftige LA-ICP-MS Detektion von MeCAT-modifizierten Antikörpern, wurde eine Standardisierung für biologische Proben auf NC-Membranen, basierend auf einer homogenen Aufbringung eines internen Standards und Kalibrierstandards durch einen kommerziell verfügbaren Tintenstrahldrucker entwickelt und mit der ICP-MS Analyse von Lösungen evaluiert. Die LA-ICP-MS wurde in zwei 8-fach Multiplex-Immunoassays von Tissue Micro Arrays vom Prostatakarzinom und in Maushirngewebeschnitten zur Einschätzung von neurogenerative Erkrankungen erfolgreich eingesetzt werden. Es konnte hierbei gezeigt werden, dass das Nachweisvermögen, der hier entwickelten Methode bereits ausreicht, um die gängigen klinischen Biomarker mit guter Ortsauflösung nachzuweisen. / In this work a new tagging strategy of antibodies with the tagging reagent MeCAT (Metal Coded Tag) was developed under physiological reaction conditions. Their application was proved in an 8-fold multiplex immunoassay of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections. For a significant LA-ICP-MS detection of MeCAT tagged antibodies standardization for biological samples owere developed. The standardization based on a homogeneous deposition onto the NC membrane via conventional CD-ink-jet printer was validated in addition with the ICP-MS analysis of solutions. The internal standardization of LA-ICP-MS was successfully applied in two 8-fold multiplex immunoassays for Tissue Micro Arrays (TMA) of prostate cancer and for detection of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases in mouse brain tissue sections. In both examples it could be shown that the detection capability of the new tagging strategy in combination with the printing standardization allows the detection of the clinical biomarker with good spatial resolutions.

The Ghost Water exhibition of artworks by Michael Sharp was comprised of four main works titled: 30 x 60 Minute Grid Series, Suspension, History/Prehistory, and Lake Bonneville Remnants. The artwork was created as a reaction to the land that once held the prehistoric Lake Bonneville and to its current remnant Great Salt Lake. The work explores the dialogue between absence and presence.

台灣中小企業的發展歷程，從創造台灣經濟奇蹟的原始動力到1980年代後期起，因國內外環境改變而面對嚴重的挑戰並歷經重大的改變。直至今天更因全球化的衝擊，正面臨嚴苛的考驗。其中能成長為跨國大企業者，實在寥寥可數，而大部份均歷經生存與滅亡的不斷輪迴。加上台灣企業逐漸大型化，大型企業開始獲得台灣經濟的主導權，中小企業在台灣經濟的比重逐漸降低。然而，在全球供應鏈上，台灣不論是大型企業或中小企業大部份均只是扮演中段生產與代工的角色，供應鏈上的上游原料與材料技術卻無法占有一席之地。這樣的現況我們似乎只歸因於市場機制的優勝劣敗而鮮有進一步的具體解決方案與實際創新商業模式之深入探討。然而，從一些成功的案例我們發現其實有一些具特異性與價值性資源及能耐的中小企業在面對常態資源不足，市場生態丕變、與組織對應不良的困境中，善用自己的核心能力，從理論與應用科學的發展、核心能力的延伸與擴張，競爭策略的預應彈性與組織能力的強化做為變革的基礎，逐步發展其成功的創新商業模式。 本研究以”台灣中小型科技公司之競爭策略與競爭優勢”為架構，以” 噴墨列印產業 ”之利基創造為導入實例，進行對台灣中小企業科技核心能力的認知，應用策略、經營模式、與變革創新的階段性探討與分析。期能從競爭策略的面向，提出問題與理論驗證，並提出一成功營運模式的研擬。此外，再以其在高競爭障礙市場的成功實績，進一步探討台灣中小企業如何善用獨持資源與策略轉折，創新創造利基市場，由小做大，建立跨國的成功創新商業模式，甚至建立自有品牌。最後，期望本研究的理論參據與實績驗證的內容和建議對台灣中小企業在困境中的力爭上游能有所助益。 / Since the time of creating the original driving force of Taiwan's economic miracle to late 1980s, the development of Taiwanese SMEs has been facing serious challenges and experiencing major changes due to rapid changes in domestic and international environment. Even today they are facing a more severe test because of the impact of globalization, and very few of them are able to grow to large multinational companies while most of them have been going through the continuous cycle of survival and extinction. Furthermore, Taiwanese enterprises have become larger in scale gradually, and large companies have begun to gain dominance of Taiwanese economy. The proportion of SMEs in Taiwanese economy has gradually reduced. However, in the global supply chain, most of the enterprises in Taiwan, no matter SMEs or MNCs, play the role of “ production and OEM/ODM” and rarely place the upstream of the supply chain as suppliers of raw materials and technology. This current situation seems to be attributed to the market mechanism fitness and few further specific and practical solutions have been discussed and conducted earnestly into the innovative business model in depth. However, from a number of successful cases, we discover that there are some SMEs, who are capable of core competencies and special advantages yet inadequate resources and capabilities, the changing market ecology, and the plight of organization corresponding ability, have successfully developed their own business models by their core competencies and the development of theoretical and applied science, the precise implementation of extension and expansion of core competencies and the strengthen of pro- action flexibility of competitive strategies as well as the capability of organizing, and gradually achieved the innovation and progressive development of the unique successful business model. In this research, the technical core competences, application strategies, innovative transformation and new business model of Taiwan's SMEs will be carried into analysis and discussion based on the framework of " competitive strategy and competitive advantage of High-Tech SMEs in Taiwan " setting the foundation of "The ink jet printing industries" as an illustration. For each stage of competitive strategies, the questions will be presented with theories to verify, and the simulation of successfully-operated models will be brought out. In addition, from the successful examples in high competitive barrier market, this research will further explore how good Taiwanese SMEs are by using the core capabilities and strategy transition to gradually innovate the global niche market with successful innovative business models, and even establish their own brands. Finally, I hope the theoretical reference, content and recommendations of performance verification can be helpful to get through the plight of the striving SMEs in Taiwan.

La relation entre les peintures chinoise et occidentale apparait comme une rencontre entre l’eau et l’huile. Mélanger les deux étant impossible, comment, dès lors, un artiste entre deux cultures, peut-il faciliter leur dialogue et devenir un passeur ? Cette recherche tente d’associer la technique des matériaux occidentaux avec l’expression du pinceau et de l’encre liés au concept du plein et du vide afin d’explorer des oppositions complémentaires, en créant une réalité diluée dans un contraste harmonisé. La réflexion s’est concrétisée par des peintures en trois formats : la série, le rouleau et l’album, intitulées Musée en peinture. Formats qui permettent d’aborder aussi bien les questions de l’écoulement du temps, de la circulation du regard, de la dynamique spatiale, que celles de l’extension et de la suggestion. Ces peintures interrogent le phénomène du musée en portant un regard ironique, critique et empathique sur les spectateurs et leurs travers. Elles témoignent aussi de la conversation avec les maîtres anciens et d’un cheminement dans les musées. La réalisation de ce musée des musées consiste en un processus de transfert de la photographie vers la composition photographique, puis vers la peinture. Ce processus se rapproche de la structure cinématographique, à partir du montage filmique d’Eisenstein, et de la notion de continuité et de discontinuité de Raoul Ruiz. Avec la boîte de Poussin numérique, on joue à la fois le rôle de peintre, de metteur en scène et de documentariste. Exploré, le passé se mue en espace, en reconstituant le passage du monde réel au monde virtuel, du ça-a-été de Roland Barthes à la notion du ça n’a pas été. / The relationship between Chinese and Western painting appears as a meeting of water and oil. Mixing the two seems impossible, so how can an artist create a dialogue between two cultures and media, effectively becoming a cultural conduit ? This research attempts to combine the techniques of Western materials with the expression of Chinese brush and ink, which is linked to the concept of fullness and tangible versus emptiness and abstract. From here, we explore the complementary opposition, create a “diluted reality” in a harmonized contrast. This reflection, entitled Museum in Painting, is represented in three different formats: the series, the scroll, and the album. These formats allow us to explore ideas of the flow of time, the circulation of the gaze, the spatial dynamics, as well as the topic of Extension and Suggestion. From the satirical, critical, and empathic point of views, we investigate the audience and their quirks, questioning the phenomenon of museum. These works exhibit my intellectual journey through the museum, and the conversation with the old masters. The realization of this museum of museums is a transfer process from photography to digital composition, and then to the painting. It takes the concepts of Eisenstein's film montage and Raoul Ruiz’s continuity and discontinuity to explore its relevance to the cinematographic composition and structure. With the “Digitized Box of Poussin”, we played the role of painter, director and documentary filmmaker to explore the idea of past events becoming a space to re-create a pathway from the real world to the virtual world, from Roland Barthes’ concept of “what happened” to the concept that is put forward that “it didn’t happen”.

Le brouillard électromagnétique dans lequel nous vivons en permanence estaujourd’hui montré du doigt car, outre les risques sanitaires qu’il pourrait engendrer, illimite l’usage de certaines technologies. L’importance des interférences entre réseauxsans fil, ou la peur du piratage sur ces mêmes réseaux, en sont deux exemples. Cetravail de thèse vise à développer un nouveau moyen de protection contre certaines deces ondes électromagnétiques. Plus spécifiquement, ce travail se focalise sur unetechnologie capable de filtrer uniquement les ondes WiFi et GSM à travers de grandessurfaces d’une habitation, comme un mur. Pour ce faire, la fonctionnalisation d’uncomposant standard des bâtiments, le papier-peint, a été étudié.L’utilisation de surfaces sélectives en fréquence a été retenue. Ces motifs sontdirectement imprimés sur du papier à l’aide d’encre conductrice et de la techniqued’impression flexographique. L’étude s’est également portée sur la réalisation de motifsde filtrage innovants. Les résultats de simulation montrent qu’ils sont capables de filtrerdeux ou trois bandes, qu’ils sont quasiment insensibles à la polarisation et à l’angled’incidence dans une plage allant de 0° à ± 80°. Le travail a ensuite permis dedémontrer la faisabilité pratique de ce concept aux stades laboratoire et industriel.Ensuite, nous avons démontré expérimentalement l’efficacité de ce concept dans lesbandes WiFi. La transmission atteint alors -30 dB. Enfin, une validation expérimentaledu produit en situation réelle a été menée, à savoir la pose du papier-peint sur du plâtre,du bois, l’influence de la colle ou encore la pose d’une couche de papier-peint décoratifpar-dessus le produit.En conclusion, les résultats pratiques obtenus confirment les résultats théoriquesestimés et, permettent à ce nouveau concept, appelé métapapier, d’être suffisammentefficace pour permettre la réduction des ondes WiFi ou GSM. / The electromagnetic smog in which we live today is nowadays a real issue because it limits the use of certain technologies and also because there are some potential health risks associated with it, even if the latter is still a controversial subject. The importance of the interferences between wireless networks or the possibility of data hacking on the same networks are two examples. The aim of this thesis is to develop a new way to protect buildings against some of these electromagnetic waves. More specifically, this work focuses on a technology able to filter only the WiFi and the GSM waves through large areas of a home, like a wall for example. To do this, the functionalization of a standard component of buildings, the wallpaper, was studied. The use of frequency selective surface (FSS) was chosen. These patterns are printed directly on paper with a conductive ink printing technology: the flexography. The study also focuses on the realization of innovative filter designs. Simulation results show that these novel FSS are able to filter two or three bands. They are almost insensitive to the polarization and to the angle of incidence in the range of 0° to ±80°. The realization feasibility of this concept in a laboratory or in industrial conditions was demonstrated. Next, an experimental demonstration of this concept in the WiFi bands was carried out. In this context, the transmission coefficient was reached -30 dB. Finally, an experimental validation of the product in real conditions of use was conducted, namely the wallpaper was put over plasterboards or over wood panels. Also, the influence of the glue on the general performances and the placement of a decorative wallpaper over the FSS wallpaper were studied. In conclusion, the practical results obtained confirm and validate the theoretical predictions of this new concept, called metapaper, and show that the practical realizations are efficient enough to allow the reduction of WiFi or GSM signals.

This dissertation presents the novel creation of a hybrid D-fiber electro-optic polymer electric field sensor. The sensor is made by removing a portion of the cladding from a D-shaped optical fiber, thus exposing the core to interaction with external stimulus. Then, an electro-optic polymer is deposited, partially replacing the core of the fiber. Next, the polymer is poled to endow it with electro-optic properties. This sensor is packaged in order to restore its mechanical strength. Because D-fiber is not intrinsically compatible with standard optical equipment it is fusion spliced to standard polarization maintaining fiber. Finally the sensor is tested for electro-optic sensitivity. The hybrid D-fiber electric field sensors designed and fabricated in this work meet the requirements of mechanical strength, temporal stability, minimal perturbation of the electric field by the sensor, and a small and flexible cross-sectional area so that it can be embedded into the device under test. A fully packaged hybrid electro-optic polymer D-fiber electric field sensor which is capable of detecting electric fields of 50 V/m at a frequency of 6 GHz is produced. The sensor's electro-optic response is shown to be temporally stable. Additionally, the sensor is physically robust, and physically and electrically non-intrusive. This work also adds a thorough understanding of the design and fabrication of D-fiber waveguides with a polymer material deposited in the core. Several new fabrication techniques are developed and presented. A path to greater electric field sensitivity is outlined for future research.

<p>This work investigated the effects of varying the crystal sizes of ammonium perchlorate (AP) when embedded with a polymeric binder, hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) on impact-induced temperature behavior.  AP and HTPB are the most used oxidizers and fuel binders in the aerospace solid rocket design industry. In this study, samples of 200 µm and 400µm coarse AP crystals in HTPB were constructed using a conventional hand-mixing method. Using a parametric optimization technique such as the Taguchi method, direct-ink-writing as the additive manufacturing process was used for achieving the required shape fidelity in printing HTPB and by introducing ultraviolet polymers to decrease the curing time.</p> <p>A drop hammer experiment in conjunction with an infrared camera was used to study the impact-induced behavior in the conventionally made AP-HTPB samples. The thermal images obtained from the camera at millisecond resolution are invaluable and provide information about distribution across the sample surface, and the evolution of temperature rise observed in the samples which are complex and not easily understood otherwise and therefore help in improving and attaining desired propellant performance. A two-sample t-Test has been utilized to infer the results and statistical nonsignificance has been observed in the highest temperature rises among 200 µm and 400 µm AP-HTPB sample conditions but a difference in temperature distribution has been observed. A much uniform distribution of temperature over the sample surface on impact is observed in thermal images of 200 µm AP-HTPB sample condition compared to 400 µm AP-HTPB sample condition.</p>