I det här självständiga arbetet framkommer det att notläsning inte alltid ses som någonting nödvändigt av elgitarrelever på gymnasiet, men det finns vissa tillfällen de värderar det högt. I det här självständiga arbetet undersöks diskursiva uppfattningar och diskursivt innehåll i gymnasieelevers utsagor kring notläsning på elgitarr. Fokusgrupper har använts för att samla in data till analysen. Det teoretiska perspektivet i arbetets analys är diskurspsykologi, vilket används för att tolka hur bakomliggande föreställningar, normer och värderingar formar en diskurs. Att förstå någonting diskursivt innebär att ta hänsyn till att det inom olika kulturella, historiska och andra sammanhang finns olika faktorer som formar vad som anses vara det normativa. Arbetets frågeställningar är ”Hur samtalar gymnasieelever om notläsning på elgitarr?” och ”Hur kan gymnasieelevers förhållande till notläsning på elgitarr förstås diskursivt?”. Resultatet visar på två diskursiva uppfattningar kring notläsning på elgitarr: notläsning och självförverkligande samt notläsning som svårt att lära sig men nyttigt. Resultatet visar att gymnasieelever tycker det är viktigt med notläsning i olika sammanhang. De pedagogiska implikationerna är att anpassa notläsningsundervisning efter elevernas nivå samt att främja motivation och engagemang. / In this study, it is evident that sight reading is not always considered necessary by high school electric guitar students. However, there are certain occasions when they highly appreciate it. This study examines discursive perceptions and discursive content in high school students' statements about reading sheet music on the electric guitar. Focus groups have been used to collect data for the analysis. The theoretical perspective in the analysis of this work is discursive psychology, which is used to interpret how underlying assumptions, norms, and values shape a discourse. Understanding something discursively involves considering that within different cultural, historical, and other contexts, there are various factors shaping what is considered normative. The research questions are "How do high school students discuss reading sheet music on the electric guitar?" and "How can high school students' relationship to reading sheet music on the electric guitar be understood discursively?". The results indicate two discursive perceptions regarding reading sheet music on the electric guitar: sheet music and self-realization, as well as sheet music as difficult to learn but useful. The findings show that high school students find sheet music important in various contexts. The pedagogical implications are to tailor sheet music instruction to the students' level and to promote motivation and engagement.

Syftet med studien är att utforska min relation till min gitarr utifrån ett livsvärldsperspektiv. Mina frågeställningar är: Hur upplever jag min relation till min gitarr? och Vad sker med relationen under en period av utforskande? Studien utgår från ett fenomenologiskt livsvärldsperspektiv och metoden bygger på observationer av loggboksanteckningar. I resultatet presenteras teman som: En livsvärld tyngd av känslor och tankar, Att ta hand om min gitarr och vår relation, Om hur jag vill att det ska vara och om hur jag vill att det ska kännas med min gitarr, Min egen relation till gitarren och min relation till andra genom gitarren och Livsvärlden förändras. I sista kapitlet diskuteras resultatet utifrån reflektioner över teman som Om att ha kul med sitt instrument och Det kärleksfulla lugnet. / The purpose of the study is to explore my relationship with my guitar from a life-world perspective. The research questions are: How do I experience my relationship with my guitar? and What happens with the relationship for a period of exploration? Theoretical perspective is phenomenological life-world perspective and the method is observations of logbooks writings. The result is presented with the themes A life-world heavy of emotions and thoughts, Taking care of my guitar and our relationship, How I want it to be and how I want it to feel with my guitar, My own relationship to the guitar and my relationship to others through the guitar and The life-world is changing. In the last chapter, I discuss my results with the help of the themes About having fun with your instrument and Loving serenity.

Syftet med arbetet är att studera min egen läroprocess och hur mitt spel påverkas då jag fokuserar på teknikövningar för elgitarr. Med hjälp av videofilmning dokumenterade jag ett övningspass i veckan under den bestämda övningsperioden. Jag förde även loggbok som komplement för att dokumentera vad som hände under läroprocessen. Ett designteoretiskt perspektiv låg till grund för studien. I resultatet beskrivs hur jag designade min övning samt vilka konsekvenser detta hade för mitt spel. Användandet av många olika teckenskapande resurser visade sig ge positiva resultat. Med tiden utvecklade jag struktur och noggrannhet kring min övning. I diskussionsdelen diskuteras hur min orkestrering av olika resurser skapade möjligheter till instrumentaltekniskt övande och hur denna orkestrering förändrades med tiden. Jag diskuterar också betydelsen av att starta all övning i ett behagligt tempo samt vikten av struktur och noggrannhet vid övning. / The purpose of this study is to examine my own learning process and how my playing is affected when practicing guitar technique. I documented one practice session every week during the appointed practice period, using the help of video documentation. I also used a logbook as a compliment to document what happened during the learning process. A design theoretical perspective was used as a basis for the study. In the result section, I describe how I designed my practicing and what consequences this had for my playing. The use of many different types of resources for learning turned out to provide positive results. Over time I developed structure and accuracy in my practice. In the last section I discuss how my orchestration of resources created opportunities to practice guitar technique, and how this orchestration changed over time. I also discuss the importance to begin all practice in a pleasant tempo as well as the importance to practice with structure and accuracy.

O presente trabalho tem a intenção de, primeiramente, estudar a guitarra elétrica como interface de composição e improvisação através da utilização de novas tecnologias digitais na música experimental; em um segundo momento, propõe uma composição musical utilizando alguns aparatos tecnológicos acoplados à guitarra. Essas ferramentas foram escolhidas após um extensivo mapeamento individual e através de experimentações de suas potencialidades do processamento sonoro quando abordadas com o instrumento. O material composicional foi posteriormente construído a partir de observações e reflexões do autor sobre o uso do instrumento enquanto interface no diálogo com as novas tecnologias digitais presentes na computação móvel. O trabalho traz também o registro autoetnográfico do período de pesquisa de algumas das ferramentas digitais selecionadas quando em uso com a guitarra elétrica e o processo de composição e registro da peça proposta, além de sua posterior análise. Em sua conclusão, são apresentadas, portanto, as observações e reflexões desta interação do instrumento e suas novas formas de instrumenticidade quando acoplado ao computador. / This work intends to, first, study the electric guitar as composition and improvisation interface through the use of new technology in experimental music; in a second moment, proposes a composition using some technological devices attached to the electric guitar. These tools were chosen after an extensive mapping individual trial and through its sound processing capabilities when addressed with the instrument. The compositional material was subsequently constructed from observations and author\'s reflections on the use of the instrument as an interface in dialogue with the new technologies available in mobile computing. The work also brings an auto-ethnography record of the research period of a few digital tools selected when in use with the electric guitar and the writing process and recording of the piece proposed, and its subsequent analysis. In its conclusion, therefore presents the observations and reflections from this interaction of the instrument and its new forms of instrumentness when attached to the computer.

O presente trabalho tem a intenção de, primeiramente, estudar a guitarra elétrica como interface de composição e improvisação através da utilização de novas tecnologias digitais na música experimental; em um segundo momento, propõe uma composição musical utilizando alguns aparatos tecnológicos acoplados à guitarra. Essas ferramentas foram escolhidas após um extensivo mapeamento individual e através de experimentações de suas potencialidades do processamento sonoro quando abordadas com o instrumento. O material composicional foi posteriormente construído a partir de observações e reflexões do autor sobre o uso do instrumento enquanto interface no diálogo com as novas tecnologias digitais presentes na computação móvel. O trabalho traz também o registro autoetnográfico do período de pesquisa de algumas das ferramentas digitais selecionadas quando em uso com a guitarra elétrica e o processo de composição e registro da peça proposta, além de sua posterior análise. Em sua conclusão, são apresentadas, portanto, as observações e reflexões desta interação do instrumento e suas novas formas de instrumenticidade quando acoplado ao computador. / This work intends to, first, study the electric guitar as composition and improvisation interface through the use of new technology in experimental music; in a second moment, proposes a composition using some technological devices attached to the electric guitar. These tools were chosen after an extensive mapping individual trial and through its sound processing capabilities when addressed with the instrument. The compositional material was subsequently constructed from observations and author\'s reflections on the use of the instrument as an interface in dialogue with the new technologies available in mobile computing. The work also brings an auto-ethnography record of the research period of a few digital tools selected when in use with the electric guitar and the writing process and recording of the piece proposed, and its subsequent analysis. In its conclusion, therefore presents the observations and reflections from this interaction of the instrument and its new forms of instrumentness when attached to the computer.

This thesis is an investigation of the fabrication and assembly methodologies employed in the development of a proof-of-principle prototype electric guitar composed of laminated copolyester. The objective of the project was to develop the processes and procedures to create an optimized physical and visual bond between layers to minimize vibratory dissipation, thus maximizing sustain. A high speed CNC router, abrasive waterjet, laser engraver-cutter, as well as various manual fabrication and assembly methods were investigated in the construction of the guitar prototypes. The lamination processes explored include low-temperature, heat-assisted pressure bonding, solvent and chemical welding, and contact adhesives. The project concluded with the completion of a working guitar comprised of a laminated copolyester body and a traditional bolton wooden neck.

Syftet med denna studie är att studera och analysera min egen instrumenttekniska utveckling samt den inlärningsprocess som sker när jag övar gitarrteknik regelbundet och strukturerat under tio veckor. Under dessa tio veckor dokumenterades övning med hjälp av videoinspelning en gång i veckan. Studien utgår från ett designteoretiskt perspektiv där fokus har legat på att analysera hur olika resurser har använts för att designa lärandeprocessen och hur denna design har förändrats under studiens gång. I resultatet visar det sig att jag använt flera olika kroppsliga och materiella resurser som samverkar i lärandeprocessen. Genom en jämförelse av övningspass i början och slutet av projektperioden framkommer det att en instrumentalteknisk utveckling har ägt rum. I diskussionsdelen diskuteras hur designen genom resurser och olika övningsstrategier har utvecklats samt hur det möjliggör lärande. Dessutom diskuteras de tecken på lärande som framkommer i resultatet. / The purpose of this study is to study and examine the personal learning process and learning process that is revealed as I practice guitar technique regulary and structured for ten weeks. During those ten weeks the practice was documented by video recordings once a week. The study is based on a design theoretic perspective which focuses on the analysis of how different resources have been used to design the learning process and how this design changed during the course of the study. The result reveals that I use a number of different bodily and material recourses that cooperates in the learning process. Also, the progress of the personal instrumental technique has been analysed by compare the difference in quality between practice sessions in the beginning and the end of the project period. It shows that development has taken place. In the last section of the study the design using resources and different practicing strategies, their development and how they can enable learning is discussed. Furthermore, the last section contains a part where signs of learning as shown in the result is discussed.

Submitted by HERALDO VERIDIANO DOS SANTOS null (heraldoguitar@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-22T17:06:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO DE MESTRADO - HERALDO PAARMANN - VERSÃO DIGITAL.pdf: 4220163 bytes, checksum: 7ef6883b01524af17741f5353fcd9cd1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-23T20:00:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_hv_me_ia.pdf: 4220163 bytes, checksum: 7ef6883b01524af17741f5353fcd9cd1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T20:00:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_hv_me_ia.pdf: 4220163 bytes, checksum: 7ef6883b01524af17741f5353fcd9cd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O autoaprendizado de música é uma prática comum entre jovens que desenvolvem processos personalizados de construção de conhecimento a partir dos seus interesses musicais. Por meio desses processos alcançam seus objetivos imediatos, o que torna essa forma de aprendizado uma opção tentadora. A guitarra elétrica é um instrumento frequentemente sujeito ao autoaprendizado. Para validar essa assertiva, apresento ao leitor nove jovens autoaprendizes de guitarra, que participam desta pesquisa qualitativa, um estudo de caso múltiplo. Observa-se que, nos últimos quinze anos, muito se investigou acerca de como esses processos são vividos pelos autoaprendizes, produzindo, inclusive, uma legitimação das práticas de aprendizado informais na música popular. Porém pouca atenção foi dada para as dificuldades que surgem no decorrer dessa trajetória e à consequente motivação por uma orientação musical de professores, seja presencialmente ou à distância. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta investigação é compreender por que alguns jovens autoaprendizes desejam uma orientação musical. Para ter êxito nesse processo investigativo, foi feito um levantamento de dados no meio digital, por intermédio de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais, realizadas por videoconferência, criação de grupo de discussão no Facebook da pesquisa, observação e análise de vídeos dos jovens guitarristas postados no Youtube e registro em um caderno de pesquisa. Para análise e interpretação dos dados, recorri ao conceito de Aprendizagem Autodirecionada (Self-Directed Learning - SDL), inicialmente estruturado pelo educador americano Malcom Knowles. Este conceito foi adaptado para o contexto de aprendizagem musical a partir do modelo tridimensional SDL criado por Liyan Song e Janette R. Hill, que originalmente desenvolveram-no para a investigação do aprendizado em ambiente on-line. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que todos os jovens alcançaram limites temporários no autoaprendizado e buscaram orientação musical. Mas, um perfil singular de aprendiz foi identificado, caracterizado pela alternância e simultaneidade entre a autoaprendizagem e a orientação. Este perfil indica que os jovens participantes da pesquisa estão, quer em uma situação ou outra, autodirecionando seu aprendizado. As implicações desta pesquisa para a Educação Musical estão voltadas para que professores de música reflitam a respeito de suas metodologias de ensino, aperfeiçoando-as para um melhor atendimento a este tipo de aprendiz. / Music self-directed learning is a common practice among young people who develop custom processes to build knowledge from their musical interests. Through these processes they reach their immediate goal which makes this form of learning a tempting option. The electric guitar can be considered one of the instruments that could lead to a self-learning. To validate this assertion, I present the reader nine young guitar self-learners who participated in this qualitative research, a multiple study case. It is observed that, in the last fifteen years, plenty of investigations have been made regarding to how these processes are experienced by self-learners, but little attention has been given to the difficulties that emerge in the course of this path and a consequent motivation for a musical orientation. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand why some young self-learners seek for musical orientation. To succeed in this investigative process, data collection was made in the digital environment, through semi-structured individual interviews conducted by videoconference, debate groups on Facebook, observation and analysis of the young guitarists’ videos posted on Youtube, and records in a fieldnotes. For the data analysis and interpretation, I resorted to the concept of Self-directed Learning (SDL), initially structured by the American educator Malcolm Knowles. This concept was adapted for the context of musical learning from the SDL three-dimensional model created by Liyan Song and Janette R. Hill that originally developed it to the investigation of the online learning environment. The results of this research have shown that all young people have achieved temporary limits in self-learning and sought for musical orientation. But a singular apprentice profile was identified, characterized by the interchange and simultaneity between self-learning and orientation. This profile indicates that the young participants of the research, either in one situation or in the other, are self-directing their learning. The implications of this research for music education are aimed for music teacher to reflect about their teaching methodologies, optimizing them for a better orientation to this kind of learner.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka tillvägagångssätt vid legatoövningar och hur gitarrspelet utvecklas genom dessa övningar. Forskningsfrågorna är: Vilka semiotiska resurser använder jag mig av för att förbättra min legatoteknik? Till vad används de semiotiska resurserna? Hur har gitarrspelet utvecklats efter tio veckors legatoövningar? Studiens teoretiska perspektiv är designteori med fokus på didaktisk design, representation, transformation, tecken på lärande och multimodalitet. Jag övade legato i en halvtimme, fem dagar i veckan, i tio veckor. För att kunna analysera processen skrev jag en loggbok i slutet av varje övningspass. Övningspassen filmades en gång i veckan under projektet. Resultatet visar de kroppsliga, språkliga och materiella resurser som användes vid övningen. De resurser som beskrivs i resultatdelen är blick, händer, fötter, ansikte, huvud, loggbok, instruktionsmaterial, elgitarr, förstärkare, ljudinställningar, spegel och dator. Framförande av övningar från början och slutet av projektet jämfördes för att undersöka om övningarna haft någon verkan. Gitarrspelet visade sig bli mer precist, snabbare, mer avslappnat, och med större rytmisk kontroll. Resultaten diskuteras utifrån det teoretiska perspektivet samt den litteratur och tidigare forskning som utgör en bakgrund till arbetet. / The purpose of this study is to examine approaches to legato exercises and to observe the development of my guitar playing from these exercises.  The research questions are: What semiotic resources do I use to improve my legato technique? How are these resources used? In what ways has my guitar playing evolved from ten weeks of legato practicing? The study’s theoretical perspective is design theory with focus on didactic design, representation, transformation, signs of learning and multimodality. I practiced playing legato thirty minutes, five days a week for ten weeks. In order to be able to analyse the process I wrote a log book after each practice session. One practice session was video documented every week during the project. The results show the various bodily, linguistic and material resources that were used during the practicing. The semiotic recourses in the result sections are eyes, hands, feet, face, head, logbook, instructional material, electric guitar, amplifier, tone settings, mirror and computer. Performances of exercises from the start of the project were compared to performances from late in the project, in order to examine whether the exercises had any effect. The guitar playing ended in greater accuracy, more speed, more relaxed technique and improved rhythmic control. I discuss the results based on the study’s theoretical perspective, and the literature and research used for this study.

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