Syftet med studien är att utveckla kunskap om hur personalen på boenden för ensamkommande barn utifrån empowerment arbetar med att möjliggöra de ensamkommande barnens delaktighet, inklusion och integration i samhället. Vidare syftar studien även till att belysa hur personalen på boenden själva ser på detta arbete. De frågeställningarna som belyses i studien är: Vad i arbetet med förhållningsätt skapar möjlighet till ensamkommande barns delaktighet i samhället, enligt personal på boenden för ensamkommande barn? Finns det skillnader mellan personal på HVB- boenden om vad man anser om att arbeta med delaktighetsfrämjande arbete? Om ja, kan dessa skillnader då förklaras med kön, ålder, utbildning, erfarenhet etc. av att arbeta med ensamkommande barn? Metoder som används i studien har en kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats och innehåller en enkätundersökning och tre intervjuer gjorda med boendepersonalen i Kalmar län. Resultatet tolkas utifrån teorin empowerment och förklaras med hjälp av begreppen delaktighet, inklusion och integration. Analysen av studien utgår från dessa begrepp, tidigare forskning och teorin samt förklaras med hjälp av grafer och tabeller konstruerade i SPSS- dataprogram och tolkning av tre intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar att boendepersonal har ett respekterande förhållningssätt i mötet med de ensamkommande barnen. Studien belyser betydelsen av boendepersonalens lyhördhet inför barnens synpunkter, vikten av att vara konsekvent, bekräftande samt besitta förmågan att kunna se helheten. Resultatet visar även att trygghet och tillit är viktiga egenskaper i boendepersonalens förhållningssätt som skapar möjligheter för ensamkommande barnens delaktighet i olika sammanhang, vilket bidrar till social inklusion och samtidigt ökad acceptans och integrering i samhället. Resultatet åskådliggör att det inte finns några signifikanta skillnader mellan personalen i vad man anser om att arbeta med delaktighetsfrämjande arbete. Vår slutsats är att boendepersonalen i Kalmar län har ett positivt förhållningssätt som skapar möjligheter för ensamkommande barnens delaktighet och inkludering i gemenskaper som vidare leder till integration i samhället. / The purpose of this study is to develop knowledge of how the professional staff works with unaccompanied asylum seeking children and by the empowerment perspective work to allow the children's participation, inclusion and integration into society. Furthermore, the study aims also to highlight how the residential staff at HVB-homes themselves regards this work. The issues highlighted are: What in the work approach creates opportunities for unaccompanied children's participation in society, according to residential staff at HVB-homes? Is there differences between residential staff at HVB-homes on what one thinks about working with participative work? If so, can these differences be explained by gender, age, education, experience, etc. in working with unaccompanied minors? Methods used in the study have a quantitative and a qualitative approach and includes a survey and three interviews conducted with residential staff at HVB-homes in Kalmar County. The result is interpreted by the empowerment perspective and explained by means of the concepts of participation, inclusion and integration. The analysis of the study is based on our concepts, previous research and theory and are interpreted using graphs constructed in SPSS software and interpretation of the three interviews. The result of the studie show us that residential staff have a respectful attitude in their approach to the unaccompanied children. The study illustrates the residential staffs sensitivity to children's views, the importance of being consistent, affirmative and to possess the ability to see in a comprehensive view. The results also show that security and trust are important features of the residential staff attitudes that creates potential for the children participate in different contexts, which contributes to social inclusion and simultaneously increased acceptance and integration into society. The result of the study illustrates that there are no significant differences between staff in what one believes about working with participative work. Our conclusion is that residential staff in Kalmar County has a positive approach that creates opportunities for the unaccompanied children's participation and inclusion in communities that lead to integration into society.

The aim of this study was to examine constructions of the guardianship to unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. More specifically its aim was to, through the guardians’ perspective, understand and analyze how they construct the guardianship. The study was based on individual semi-structured interviews with questions concerning the guardianship and the role as a guardian. Seven interview-participants, who are active as guardians in diverse municipalities in southern Sweden, are included in this study. The analysis was based on how the guardians describe the assignments in the guardianship, the unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and their needs and how they describe the relationship to them. As a conclusion we found two different constructions of the guardianship; one characterized by a guardianship based on limits, distance, clarity of role and assignments and a guardian similar to a tutor. The other perspective is characterized by a guardianship based on no limits for assignments, a close and familiar relationship to the children and a guardian similar to a parent or a friend. We found that the guardians are dominated by different types of social actions that affect the guardianship based on how they constructed the guardianship, the unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and the relationship.

Studien undersöker volontärers upplevelser kring att ha öppnat upp sina hem för att ta emot en ensamkommande ungdom som blivit uppskriven till över 18 år av Migrationsverket. Studien har fokus på betydelsen av det ideella engagemang som nätverket “Blomman” bidrog med för ensamkommande unga. En kvalitativ metod användes bestående av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer, som hölls med sju informanter. Målgruppen är de frivillighem inom Blomman, som under 2017 tog emot eller hade ett ensamkommande barn hos sig som blivit uppskriven i ålder. Resultatet visade att ideellt engagemang är av stor vikt när det kommer till hanterandet av ensamkommande unga. Frivillighem bidrar med medmänsklighet och emotionellt engagemang. Det framkom dock att teoretisk kunskap krävs för att kunna se till de mest utmanande behoven. / This study is about volunteer workers and their experiences about having an unaccompanied that has been written up in age to over 18 years by the Swedish Migration Agency. The study focuses on the importance of the volunteering that the network “Blomman” has done for the unaccompanied. The study is based on six semistructured interviews that we had with seven individuals. The informants are volunteers that have opened their homes for the unaccompanied. The result shows the importance of volunteering when it comes to the handling of unaccompanied. The volunteers contribute with human compassion and emotional commitment. However it appeared that theoretical knowledge might be required to handle the challenges that the volunteers will encounter.

Sweden is one of the countries in Europe that has received the highest number of unaccompanied children. Every unaccompanied children who comes to Sweden should get a legal guardian who is responsible for the children’s personal, economic and legal questions. The legal guardian is an important person for the children’s well-being. It is important that the legal guardian is conscious about his role as a legal guardian and that he is following the chief guardian committee’s rules. The legal guardian should for example be conscious that they should not act like a father or mother. The purpose of the study is to get an understanding of which self-presentations the legal guardian is doing in an interaction with me as an interviewer and which presentation he is doing of his role as a legal guardian. The purpose is also to investigate which formal rules and informal rules are directed him into his role as a legal guardian and his actions. The data in the study has been gathered through a qualitative research method and ten interviews are conducted with five female legal guardians and five male legal guardians. The data is analyzed with Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective and how people act when they interacts with the entourage. The results of the study shows that legal guardians are presenting a positive side of themselves. They are presenting themselves as a competent legal guardians. The results also show that the legal guardians are conscious about the Chief guardian committee’s rules at the same time as they are directed by informal rules. The legal guardians are directed by chief guardian committee’s rules, religion-related norms, family-related norms and professional ideals.

Sverige nådde år 2015 en ny toppnotering vad gäller antal asylsökande. Detta förde med sig stora utmaningar för delar av socialtjänsten i relation till placering av ensamkommande barn och en snabbt stigande kostnadsutveckling för platser på asylboenden. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka konsekvenserna av vad som sker när boendeformen för de asylsökande förändras. Undersökningen tar sin utgångspunkt i hur behandlingsassistenterna på ett kommunalt stödboende ser på sitt arbetet med ensamkommande ungdomar och hur de upplever sina möjligheter att hjälpa dem integreras i det svenska samhället. Studiens empiriska material består av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med behandlingsassistenter som är verksamma på ett stödboende i Stockholm. Analyserna tar sin begreppsliga utgångspunkt i Michael Lipskys (1980/2010) teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater samt Ludvig Beckmans (2011) integrationsteori. Resultatet visar att behandlingsassistenterna tenderar att fokusera på allmän kunskap kring samhällsinstitutioner, språk och relationer som viktiga faktorer man försökte forma sitt arbete kring. Samtidigt upplever behandlingsassistenterna en konflikt mellan vad man kunde göra och vad man upplever att de ensamkommande ungdomarna behöver. Studien visar bland annat på utmaningar i inkluderandet av boendepersonal och kommuner i beslutandet kring olika policyn givet det extraordinära sammanhang landet befinner sig i. / At the end of the year 2015, Sweden peaked in regards to asylum-seeking refugees. Concequently, parts of the social service would face numerous challenges in regards to the placement of unaccompanied minors in out-of home care and in rising costs for asylum accommodation for unaccompanied minors. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the consequences of what happens when the asylum housing for unaccompanied minors changes. This thesis takes its starting point in how treatment assistants at a municipal support housing view integration in regards to their work with unaccompanied minors. The empirical basis for this study consists of six semi-structured interviews with treatment assistants at a municipal support housing in Stockholm. The analysis takes its conceptual basis in Michael Lipsky's (1980/2010) theory of street-level bureaucrats and Ludvig Beckman's (2011) integration- theory. The results showed that treatment assistants tend to focus on general knowledge about societal institutions, language and relationships as important factors that they attempted to shape their work around. At the same time, the treatment assistants experience a conflict between what they can do and what they perceived that the unaccompanied minor needs. The study shows i.a. the challenges in including housing staff and municipalities on the forming and decision-making off public policies in extraordinary situations.

Migrationsverket har det övergripande ansvaret över samtliga som söker asyl och att ta beslut kring vem som får uppehållstillstånd och inte. Denna studie har till syfte att undersöka utredningsprocessen för ensamkommande flyktingbarn ur Migrationsverkets personals perspektiv samt hur de tillämpar ett barnperspektiv i deras arbete och säkerställer ett rättssäkert arbetssätt. Som metod för detta har författarna valt att genomföra fem kvalitativa intervjuer med handläggare och beslutsfattare på Migrationsverket. Studien grundar sig främst på två teoretiska begrepp, barnperspektiv samt rättssäkerhet, för att kunna fördjupa sig i hur Migrationsverket arbetar. Studiens slutsats visar att den som söker asyl har till uppgift att göra sin identitet sannolik och en viktig del är det utredningssamtal som genomförs och som ligger till grund för utredningen. Studien visar även att Migrationsverkets personal har ett enhetligt arbetssätt kring rättssäkerhet och samtliga beslut som de tar är grundade i lagtexter. Arbetet med barnperspektivet handlar enligt Migrationsverkets personal att ha ett individanpassat arbetssätt genom att ta hänsyn till sökandes ålder, bakgrund och mognad. / The Swedish Migration Agency carry out the decision of who is going to get a residence permit. This study has the purpose to examine how the Migration Agency investigation procedure is, furthermore how they take in account for a child's perspective and legal certainty. Method for this has been qualitative interviews with administration officers and decision makers at the Migration Agency. This study lays its ground mainly on two constructs: Childs perspective and legal certainty for the purpose to immerse in the Migration Agency work. This study concludes that the one who seeks asylum has to make its identity probable and an important part of this is the interview of the unaccompanied child by case workers at the Migration Agency. This study also concludes that the case workers at the Migration Agency have a mutual view of the rule of law and that all actions are grounded in words of the act. To work with a child perspective is according to the Migration Agency to use an individual approach to all unaccompanied children and this is made by considering the applicant age, gender, background and maturity.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur boendepersonal på Hvb-hem (hem för vård och boende) arbetar för att integrera ensamkommande barn i samhället. För att få information till studien har vi intervjuat sju personer som arbetar på olika Hvb-hem. Vi har ställt frågor kring integrationsprocessen, hur de arbetar, vad de ser som hinder och möjligheter och vilka effekterna är av den långa asylprocessen. Informanterna definierar integration ganska liknande, de belyser framförallt vikten av integration på samhällsnivå. Vårt resultat visade att barnens mående blir negativt påverkat av den långa asylprocessen. Deras dåliga mående påverkar deras motivation till att integreras, de går inte till exempel inte till skolan, vilket alla informanter anser är en viktig faktor i deras integrationsprocess. Det är inte enbart barnen som påverkas, även boendepersonalen och deras arbete. De kan inte arbeta med integrationsprocessen då de måste ta hänsyn till barnens mående, deras fokus i arbetet ändras. Nu handlar arbetet istället om att ta hand om och motivera barnen. / The aim of this study is to examine how the staff accommodation at Hvb-homes (home for care and accommodation) work to integrate unaccompanied children in the society. To get the information to the study we have interviewed seven people that work at different Hvb-homes. We asked them questions concerning the integration process, how they work with it, what they see as difficulties and possibilities and the effects of the long asylum process. The informers defined integration quite similar, they illuminated the importance of integration at societal level. We found that the children's well-being is negatively affected by the long asylum process. Their bad well-being affect their motivation to integrate, they do not go to school for example, which all informers consider an important factor in their integration process. It is not only the children that are affected, also the staff accommodation and their work is. They can no longer work with the integration process, they have to respect the children's well-being, and their focus in their work have to change. Now it is all about taking care and motivate the children.

Authors: Diana Eliassi Sarzeli & Hajer Lateef Titel: Formerly unaccompanied children’s experiences of the social services’ treatment and reception system Supervisor: Phillip Lalander Assessor: Torbjörn Forkby   The aim of this essay was to study formerly unaccompanied children’s experiences of the social services’ treatment and reception system.  We also studied whether the reception system made it possible or difficult for their opportunities in Sweden. In this study we have completed five qualitative interviews with five formerly unaccompanied children across Sweden. The interviews have had a retrospective element and have been semi-structured. Based on our respondent’s answers from the interviews, it was possible to identify four main themes; social secretary, accommodation, school and legal guardian. We analyzed these themes based on previous research and the selected theory which was symbolic interactionism. The main conclusion we made based on the results of the study was that the formerly unaccompanied children were generally satisfied with the social services’ reception system and its treatment. This despite the fact that criticism was directed towards the social secretaries, the different accommodations and school. The formerly unaccompanied children all experienced that the social services’ reception system has for the most part facilitated their current lives.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka och förstå de faktorer som kan har betydelse för hur ensamkommandeunga vuxna som bor på stödboende integreras in i det svenska samhället och i vilken utsträckning boendefor-men har relevans i den processen. Ensamkommande barn/ungdomar som jag i uppsatsen hädanefter förkortarEKB och EKU, vilket är en allmän vedertagen benämning inom socialtjänsten. När ensamkommande barnfyller 16 år så anses de vara unga vuxna och därmed redo för att bo på stödboende.För att kunna svara på syftet har jag valt att använda mig av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer där sexensamkommande unga vuxna, som idag bor på stödboende, har fått dela med sig av sina personliga upplevel-ser av den processen. Det resultat som har framkommit under intervjuerna har sedan analyserats utifrån treolika teorier, social identitet, KASAM och empowerment men också tidigare forskning. Resultatet redovisasoch tolkas utifrån teorierna och till viss del tidigare forskning. / The purpose of the study is to investigate and understand the factors that may have implications for how un-accompanied young adults living in a support housing are integrated into Swedish society and the extent towhich the housing form is relevant to that process. Unaccompanied refugee children as I in this essay hereaf-ter abbreviate EKU, which is a generally accepted name in the social service. When EKU turn to 16 years,they are considered young adults and thus ready to live in supported housing.In order to be able to respond to the purpose, I have chosen to use qualitative semistructured interviews withsix unaccompanied young adults living in a support housing today, they have shared their personal experi-ences of that process. The result that has emerged from interviews has been analyzed from three differenttheories, social identity, KASAM and empowerment but also previous research. The result is presented andinterpreted based on the theories and to some extent previous research.

Due to on going wars and conflicts in the world, the number of people seeking asylum in other countries has increased. Including a large group of unaccompanied minors which is described as ”children who left their country without their parents or a significant other”. In 2015, nearly 35,000 unaccompanied children arrived in Sweden seeking asylum, whereupon the majority arrived in the last months of the year. The large number resulted in an extreme pressure upon the Swedish municipalities, to successfully receive all unaccompanied children. And fulfill their organizational mission according to the Swedish legislation. Therefore the purpose of the study is to establish a deeper understanding of how a social service, organizationally handled an increase in the number of unaccompanied children. A qualitative method was used, consisting semi-structured interviews with nine respondents from or related to the social services. The data of the study were analyzed using a thematic analysis, meaning a search for patterns to create themes and subthemes. The results of the study show that the increase number of unaccompanied minors were experienced and had to be handled as a crisis. The bureaucratic structure of the social service became problematic and constituted an obstacle in the efforts to receive the unaccompanied children. Including a difficulty to follow existing laws and regulations. To resolve the situation the social service had to be flexible and creative in their approach to receive the children. One conclusion is that a bureaucratic structure is not suitable in a dynamic environment that demands quick decisions and flexibility. Another conclusion is that the effort of the staff has been crucial, resolving the crisis. / Antalet människor som flyr undan krig och konflikter i världen har under den senaste tiden ökat. Av dessa människor är en stor grupp ensamkommande barn, det vill säga barn som lämnat sitt hemland utan sina föräldrar eller signifikant annan. Under 2015 anlände ca 35 000 ensamkommande barn till Sverige för att söka asyl. Majoriteten av dessa anlände under de sista månaderna på året. Det medförde ett extremt högt tryck på landets kommuner för att lyckas motta samtliga ensamkommande barn och fullfölja sitt organisatoriska uppdrag enligt den svenska lagstiftningen. Förevarande studies syfte är därmed att få en fördjupad kunskap kring hur en socialförvaltning organisatoriskt har hanterat en ökning av antalet ensamkommande barn. En kvalitativ metod har använts, bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio respondenter från eller med anknytning till socialförvaltningen. Studiens data analyserades med hjälp av en tematisk analys, där mönster eftersöktes och teman och subteman skapades. Resultatet av studien visar att den stora ökningen av ensamkommande barn upplevdes och fick hanteras som en krissituation. Förvaltningens byråkratiska struktur blev problematisk och utgjorde ett hinder i arbetet med att motta de ensamkommande barnen. Bland annat kunde inte befintliga lagar och regler följas. För att lösa situationen fick förvaltningen vara flexibel och kreativ i sitt arbetssätt. En slutsats är att en byråkratisk organisation inte lämpar sig för en dynamisk omvärld, som ställer krav på snabba beslut och flexibilitet. Därtill framgår att personalens insats inom socialförvaltningen var avgörande för att lösa krissituationen.