There is a growing number of evidences, associating the oxidative stress produced by the reactive species of oxygen, with the aging process at one hand, and with the beginning and development of the vascular complications of several chronic and degenerative diseases at another. The type of diet and the usage of specific medicines may be related among the responsible factors by the generation of free radicals. In Brazil, the consuming of higher amounts of fat on the diet has increased in the last years and haloperidol has been the most used neuroleptic in brazilian public health system due to its low cost when compared with other antipsychotic drugs. The objective of this study was to determine the lipid peroxidation through TBARS production in rats tissues, as an oxidative stress measure, promoted by the high fat diet associated with the chronic usage of haloperidol, the correlation between the abdominal fat content and the intracellular magnesium concentration as well as the correlation between the intracellular magnesium concentration and the hepatic production of TBARS. The high fat diet has promoted a significant increase on the TBARS levels in Wistar rat livers when compared to the control diet (one way ANOVA ), considering that the chronic usage of haloperidol has increased the hepatic production of TBARS promoted by high fat diet, raising twice the levels of TBARS when compared to control group ( two way ANOVA). The TBARS production promoted by the association of high fat diet with chronic usage of haloperidol seems to be related with the intra-erythrocyte concentration of magnesium, for there was a statistically positive correlation, between the content of intracellular magnesium and the TBARS production in rats livers . Supporting previous works that report a possible ionic base to the metabolic syndrome development, in this dissertation a negative correlation has occurred, statistically significant, between the intracellular magnesium concentration and the abdominal fat content among all the animals. The group fed by high fat diet as well as the group treated with haloperidol seems to be responsable, by diferent ways, for this result. / O tipo de dieta e o uso de certos medicamentos podem estar relacionados dentre os fatores responsáveis pela geração de radicais livres. No Brasil, o consumo de maior quantidade de gordura na dieta tem aumentado consideravelmente nos últimos anos e o haloperidol tem sido o neuroléptico mais usado pela saúde pública brasileira devido ao seu baixo custo quando comparado com outras drogas antipsicóticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a peroxidação lipídica através da produção de TBARS em tecidos de ratos, como medida de estresse oxidativo, promovido pela ingestão de dieta com alto teor de lipídio associada ao uso crônico de haloperidol, avaliar a correlação entre o conteúdo de gordura abdominal e concentração de magnésio intracelular e a correlação entre a concentração de magnésio intracelular e a produção hepática de TBARS. A dieta com alto teor lipídico promoveu aumento significativo nos níveis de TBARS em fígado de ratos Wistar quando comparado à dieta controle (ANOVA de uma via), sendo que o uso crônico de haloperidol potencializou a produção hepática de TBARS promovido pela dieta com alto teor lipídico, aumentando em duas vezes os níveis de TBARS quando comparado ao grupo controle (ANOVA de duas vias). A produção de TBARS, promovido pela associação da dieta com alto teor lipídico e o uso crônico de haloperidol, parece estar associada com a concentração intraeritrocitária de magnésio, pois houve uma correlação estatisticamente positiva entre o conteúdo de magnésio intracelular e a produção de TBARS em fígado de ratos . Apoiando trabalhos prévios que relatam uma possível base iônica para o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica, neste trabalho ocorreu uma correlação negativa, estatisticamente significativa, entre a concentração de magnésio intracelular e o conteúdo de gordura abdominal considerando todos os animais, sendo que o grupo consumindo dieta com alto teor de lipídio e o grupo sob uso crônico de haloperidol, contribuíram, de maneira distinta, para este resultado.

This thesis deals with relationship between a leisure time padegogue and a younger school age child from pedagogical and psychological standpoints. At the beginning the relationship is shown in relation to the philosophical and historical background. In the next stepI characterize the kdy concepts and draw attention to aspects supporting the development of the relationship.

Diese Arbeit untersucht den Begriff der Liebe interdisziplinär in der Literatur und in der Musik in Deutschland und Russland in der Epoche der Romantik. Ausgegangen wird von der antiken Rede des Sokrates über Liebe und seiner Definition von ihr, welche Platon in seinem „Symposion“ nach Sokrates aufschreibt. Diese wird in die Zeit der Romantik zuerst in die deutsche und russische Literatur und später auf die Musik übertragen und untersucht. Welche Veränderungen treten im Verständnis des Begriffes auf? Welche Unterschiede oder möglichen Parallelen in den zwei auf den ersten Blick unterschiedlichen Kulturen und Mentalitäten sind vorhanden? Welchen Einfluss nehmen die Persönlichkeiten der Künstler auf diese Veränderungen? Die Ergebnisse werden auf einzelne Werke der Schriftsteller, A. Puschkin und E.T.A. Hoffmann, und auf die Vertonungen dieser Werke der Komponisten, P. Tschaikowski und R. Schumann, übertragen. Diese, in erster Linie literaturwissenschaftliche Untersuchung stellt den Begriff der Liebe in den Vordergrund, noch vor der Person oder dem Werk des Künstlers. Somit ist das vorrangige Ziel der Arbeit, der Rezeption der platonischen Liebestheorie während der Epoche der Romantik nachzugehen. Der Gedanke der eigenen Wandelbarkeit und der Entwicklung des Schönen und der Liebe als Stufenweg korrespondiert mit der Erkenntnisphilosophie der Romantiker. Das Thema der Liebe hat auch in der heutigen Zeit eine wichtige Bedeutung, vor allem weil die Medien immer öfter von einer Krise der moralischen Werte sprechen. Die Liebe ist transmedial, sie durchwandert das subjektive Leben des Menschen, die objektiven äußeren Voraussetzungen, die Kultur und die Mentalität, die Literatur und die Musik und sie bleibt eine Sehnsucht, ein Streben, eine Idee. Sie ist aktiv und überbrückt jegliche Schranken als Kommunikationscode oder als höchster Versuch, den die Natur macht, um das Individuum aus sich heraus und zu dem anderen hinzuführen. / This work examines the expression of Love in an interdisciplinary approach to literature and music in Germany and Russia during the Romantic Period. The starting point is Socrates’ classical discourse about Love and his definition of it, which Plato recorded in his Symposium. This will be applied to and examined in the Romantic Period, first in German and Russian literature and later in Music. What changes occur in the reception of this term? What differences or possible parallels can be determined in the two cultures and mentalities that are different at first sight? What is the influence of the respective artists on these changes? The results will be applied to the individual works of the writers A. Pushkin and E.T.A. Hoffmann as well as the musical settings of these works by the composers P. Tchaikovsky and R. Schumann. This examination, which is based primarily on literature and literary criticism, places the concept of Love in the foreground, even above the person or the work of the respective artist. Therefore, the primary goal of this work is to follow the reception of Plato’s “theory of love” during the Romantic Period. The concepts of one’s own inconstancy, the development of beauty, and the path of love correspond with the metacognitive philosophy of the Romantics. The subject of love has particular significance today because of the media’s frequent discussions about the crisis of moral values. Love is transmedial. It transcends the subjective lives of humans, the objective external conditions, culture and mentality, literature and music; and it remains a desire, an ambition, an idea. Love is active and bridges every boundary as a communicational code or as nature’s utmost attempt to lead an individual out of himself and to another.

Text in German / From a Christian perspective, complete wellness is available for man. This fact is based on God's unconditional Agape-love bestowed on man in Jesus Christ. It is by this love that being is offered a perfect vision of eternal existence. The Bible clearly shows that even creation was brought forth by the very word in which the love of the creator manifested itself in a mighty way. All being is being in the love of God, apart from which it will cease to exist. It would therefore seem advisable to examine Agape as a basic ontological category, which is our intention in this treatise. Following the course of salvation history we shall demonstrate how the love of God is responsible for being in all its complexity, where the separate parts work together constructively, thus glorifying their creator. In this way we behold the order of being in Agape. We move our attention beyond salvation of the individual but rather focus on the community aspect of salvation, and thus demonstrate from a biblical point of view, the significance of the New Testament ecclesia as the spearhead of God's Kingdom. We will show that it is the intention of Agape to give a specific Christian character to the community of believers as a witness to a world which is lacking in love and therefore also without proper orientation in its being. Where the ecclesia has lost its trait of love, we advise an uncompromising return to a corrective gospel as designed by the creator for true being, keeping in mind the limits, which the church has been given as an existing body in this world. What must never leave our focus, however, is that we extend to each other the forgiveness of Christ as the core of God's love, thus holding on to the distinct difference between Christian and non-Christian being. We therefore also recommend to examine the denominational structure of Christianity whether it is in conflict with a being that carries the mark of God's love. We remind that Agape wants to cause unity in a concrete way - unity that cannot be brought about by any secular strategy, but only by the power of God. By reorganizing our personal as well as our ecclesiastical being, the love of God will also verify the truth of God completely. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / D.Th. (Systematic Theology)

(anglicky) The aspiration of this thesis is on behalf of (more authentic) Eros problematic "to shake" literary science, not to say its method of interpretation, and so open another, more sensitive approach to art. As a tangle of starting points, I used the dubious theories of authors such as late R. Barthes, G. Didi-Huberman, H. Bloom, G. Bataille or S. Sontag. But especially, I delve into the studies of European literature in order to expose my own "wounds", no less violently classified into thematic chapters (Cosmogony, God of Love, Desire, Philosophy, Heart, Arrow, Wing, Game, Topos, Instinct, Orpheus and others). Therefore I introduce Eros as multifaceted phenomenon, in contrast to monological tendencies of dominant (platonic or Christian) erotic interpretations. Moreover - in polemics with Bataille's eroticism - I try to make Eros "the work".

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Jose Caldeira do Amaral.pdf: 1451835 bytes, checksum: 2aa4903e28057e68929f47ff1fc1cb41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main objective of this research is the prospect of a deeper study on mysticism as a possibility for enlarging the knowledge in the symbolic and fundamental field of the Sciences of Religion. Our interest in researching the medieval records of Mechthild of Magdeburg, the flieBende Das Licht der Gottheit - object of this essay - is based on the feasibility of contributing to the debate on the human condition, emphasizing the inherent knowledge of the soul that loves God, disregarding her own self as consisted literally in the language of the text under study. Our hypothesis is that the movement extended over the established senses in concepts belonging to the religious context of western Christianity with reference to love, eros and agape, - as a key to reading -, sustains a possible understanding of love itself, from the development of a hermeneutic of the mystical language in focus. The loyalty to Mechthild of Magdeburg s records, written in vernacular language, the speculation of authors before and contemporary to her, and information of the religious medieval female authors, of the so called Frauenmyistic (female mysticism), formalized the development of our speculation around the mystique of love unfolded in the infusion of love as a deity. The Love of God, substantiated in the essence of the condition of the soul in distress by the inexorable search for that love, unfolds in the apex of love - concept formalized in the final construction of the research - as the best way of setting the dynamics between eros and agape available in the language of the flieBende Licht der Gottheit / O objetivo principal desta pesquisa está na perspectiva de um aprofundamento do estudo da mística como possibilidade de ampliação do conhecimento no campo simbólico e fundamental nas Ciências da Religião. Nosso interesse em pesquisar os registros medievais de Mechthild de Magdeburg, o Das flieBende Licht der Gottheit - objeto desse trabalho - reside na viabilidade em contribuir para o debate sobre a condição humana, enfatizando o saber inerente à alma que ama Deus, desfazendo-se de si mesma, constituída na linguagem literal do texto em estudo. Nossa hipótese é de que o movimento constelado entre os sentidos estabelecidos em conceitos próprios ao contexto religioso do cristianismo ocidental referentes ao amor, eros e ágape, - como chave de leitura -, sustenta uma possível compreensão do próprio amor, a partir do desenvolvimento de uma hermenêutica da linguagem mística em foco. A fidelidade aos registros de Mechthild de Magdeburg, escritos em língua vernacular, a especulação de autores anteriores e contemporâneos a ela e, as informações sobre as autoras medievais religiosas, da chamada Frauenmyistic (mística feminina), formalizaram o desenvolvimento de nossa especulação em torno da mística do amor desdobrada na infusão do amor deidade. O Amor de Deus, substanciado na essência da condição da alma em sofrimento pela procura inexorável desse amor, se desdobra no cúmulo do amor conceito formalizado na construção final da pesquisa - como a melhor possibilidade de configuração da dinâmica disponibilizada entre eros e agape na linguagem do Das flieBende Licht der Gottheit

<p>In this essay, Kate Chopin's portraits of women in three short stories, 'The Story of an Hour', 'A Respectable Woman', Athénaïse and the novel <em>The Awakening</em> are studied. It is argued that the outcomes depicted can be seen as increasingly provocative and extreme and that the main conflict and ending of <em>The Awakening </em>is a development and combination of the conflicts and resolutions in the three short stories.</p> / <p>I uppsatsen studeras Kate Chopins kvinnoporträtt i tre noveller, 'The Story of an Hour', 'A Respectable Woman', Athénaïse och i romanen <em>The Awakening.</em> Syftet är att visa att huvudhandlingen och slutet på <em>The Awakening</em> är en utveckling och kombination av de alltmer provokativa och extrema handlingarna och upplösningarna i novellerna.</p>

<p>Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att få en uppfattning om hur andra ser på Afrodite, om de beskriver henne som i myterna eller om det finns en annan bild av henne, men också att få en beskrivning av Afrodite som en kvinna av idag och vilka egenskaper hon i sådana fall har.</p><p>Empiriska data har samlats in med hjälp av kvalitativ intervju med öppna frågeställningar. Utgångspunkten har varit en bild av en staty med Afrodite, Pan och Eros och informanterna fick beskriva vad de såg och kände inför bilden. Därefter följde en frågeställning om vem Afrodite-kvinnan av idag är. Förutom bilden av statyn diskuterade informanterna Afrodite som barn och tonåring, kvinnan Afrodite, kärlek och sexualitet, yrke och makt, man och barn, utseende och skönhet.</p>

Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att få en uppfattning om hur andra ser på Afrodite, om de beskriver henne som i myterna eller om det finns en annan bild av henne, men också att få en beskrivning av Afrodite som en kvinna av idag och vilka egenskaper hon i sådana fall har. Empiriska data har samlats in med hjälp av kvalitativ intervju med öppna frågeställningar. Utgångspunkten har varit en bild av en staty med Afrodite, Pan och Eros och informanterna fick beskriva vad de såg och kände inför bilden. Därefter följde en frågeställning om vem Afrodite-kvinnan av idag är. Förutom bilden av statyn diskuterade informanterna Afrodite som barn och tonåring, kvinnan Afrodite, kärlek och sexualitet, yrke och makt, man och barn, utseende och skönhet.

The overall purpose of this thesis is to illuminate and critically evaluate Christian theology of atonement and redemption, in order to contribute to contemporary theology of atonement and redemption. The purpose is reached through an analysis of the work of two contemporary feminist theologians; Daphne Hampson and Rita Nakashima Brock. Hampson has formulated a sharp post-Christian position. Brock has distinguished herself through her critique of the Christian concept of atonement and through her contributions to reconciliation and redemption. Both Daphne Hampson and Rita Nakashima Brock argue that Christian atonement-theology, primarily the so called objective model, is hurtful to children and victims of abuse and violence. They both argue that theological language is not innocent. At the same time, they illustrate broken relationships, sufferings, and problems they want to change, give theological interpretations of how that change is to take place and present methodologies on how to reach reconciliation between human beings and God as well as between human beings. In two steps I undertake a critical analysis of content and presuppositions in Daphne Hampson’s and Rita Nakashima Brock’s theologies of atonement and redemption. In the first step, I describe Hampson’s and Brock’s critique of Christian atonement-theology. I analyze their theological critique and theological construction in a model "from-transition-to". My critical analysis focuses especially on internal consistency. In the second part, the analysis of presuppositions, I explain basic principles upon which they shape their theology. The analysis is made up by the analytical concepts; theoretical arguments of knowledge, understandings of faith, and the position of the subject. I also analyze other essential concepts out of which gender is one. In the last chapter I present my own constructive contribution, structured by content and presuppositions. I argue that theology is both a critical and constructive discipline. In the content-response I discuss images of God, the tragic, the cross, and the hope. In the presuppositions-response I discuss the concept "space-in-between". In conclusion I propose that theology of atonement/redemption is shaped between post and Christian. I argue that space-in-between-perspectives are necessarily experimental and critical, a space on the border where marginalized voices are to be included.