The current paper aims to focus a museum exhibition developed from the investigation about the history of Júlio de Castilhos Museum from 1960 to 1980. The museum speeches and the performances that determined the museum imagination about its history and also about its symbols were assessed in the research. The history of Júlio de Castilhos Museum from 1960 until 1980, which used to be unknown until these days, has become object of evaluation by the museum historical field and by the subjects who manage the institution. These members have been politically linked to the museum and influenced by a historical and political context. It has made this museum a historical one. By analyzing and exhibiting the museum collections at that time, it was perceived a permanent game between the memory will and the intention of reflecting its history. What happened at Júlio de Castilhos Museum from 1960 until 1980 can be seen under the view of the imprecision of a museum, estate and cultural policy from ideological federal and state instances. This is apparent when there is a discussion about the frequent line changes of the activities developed by the museum as its managers changed. It was also noticed when there were losses or imminent losses of entire collections of weapons or other items due to negligence or default. This institution has been closed many times because of infra-structure problems like lack of financial resources and investments occluded by media and populist events. This is the history shown in the exhibition. / O presente estudo tem como foco central uma exposição museológica desenvolvida a partir da investigação sobre a historicidade do Museu Julio de Castilhos no tempo histórico social de 1960-1980. Conferi na pesquisa os discursos museológicos produzidos, as práticas, as representações constituídas naquele período e que determinaram uma imaginação museal (CHAGAS, 2009) a respeito da Instituição, sobre a história construída nela, e sobre seus semióforos. A historicidade do Museu Julio de Castilhos naqueles anos de 1960-1980, até então desconhecida, procurou averiguar, revelar e tornar acessível ao campo museológico e historiográfico que, os sujeitos sociais que administraram a Instituição, estiveram politicamente enraizados, engajados e influenciados de um contexto histórico e político, e isso influenciou o balizamento do Museu Julio de Castilhos como museu histórico. Analisadas as coleções musealizadas e expostas na época, percebi que há um permanente jogo entre a vontade de memória e a intenção de refletir sobre a História. O que aconteceu no Museu Julio de Castilhos nos anos 1960-1980, pode ser visto pela perspectiva da imprecisão de uma política cultural, patrimonial e museológica das instancias federal e estadual e que ao mesmo tempo estiveram ideologizadas. Isso fica claro quando se pondera a respeito das frequentes alterações de linha nas atividades desenvolvidas pelo Museu, logo que mudavam as diretorias. Também pode ser vista pela ameaça, e a efetiva perda das coleções de armas. Descuido, negligencia, fechamentos constantes da Instituição, decorrentes de problemas na infraestrutura, carência de investimentos e recursos, são problemas escondidos com a realização de eventos midiáticos e populistas, na Instituição. Essa constituiu a história comunicada pela exposição.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper discusses the practice and theory of expography an art exhibition and digital technology. It is based on the experiences of this author, as an exhibitions designer, in conjunction with the research on the history, theory and criticism of art. It presents the development of a design through procedural strategies, techniques and exhibition to discuss exhibition with digital technology in the field of art. This research analyzes some pioneering exhibitions in art and digital technology, takes some practice and conceptions in the area from experience and analysis to perform the expography FACTORS 1.0 and FACTORS 2.0. / Esta dissertação aborda a prática e a teoria da expografia em mostras de arte e tecnologia digital. Fundamenta-se nas vivências desta autora, como designer de exposições, em articulação com a pesquisa em história, teoria e crítica da arte. Apresenta o desenvolvimento de um projeto expográfico, através de estratégias processuais, técnicas e expositivas para problematizar as mostras com tecnologia digital no campo da arte. Esta investigação analisa algumas exposições pioneiras em arte e tecnologia digital, retoma algumas práticas e concepções na área a partir de vivência e análise, para realizar a expografia do FACTORS 1.0 e FACTORS 2.0.

This thesis examines the ways in which the Daily Mail Ideal Home Exhibition educated (, and entertained the public in the first half of the twentieth century by promoting a modern way of life, helping to establish a commercial culture of homemaking. By exploring the ways in which the Exhibition represented popular conceptions of the 'modern' within their social and historical contexts, the thesis challenges the dominance of Modernist aesthetics and values on writing on design, architecture and consumption. Chapter one explores the unease felt by a particular group of writers towards the Ideal Home Exhibition, which it locates in relation to a wider intellectual condemnation of modernity and suburbia. Chapter two looks at the founding of the Exhibition by the Daily Mail in 1908. Chapter three analyses how the Daily Mail and the Exhibition constructed an 'ideal audience' and why the idea of an 'ideal home' was so appealing. Chapter four looks at the ways in which ideas about 'labour-saving', which were part of a concern with national efficiency that drew on the doctrines of scientific management, have constructed the 'ideal home' as a site of change and experimentation. Chapter five explores how the 'Tudorbethan' semi and the popular appropriation of the Modern Movement in the Exhibition represented tensions between the longings for the past and aspirations for the future. Chapter six investigates the representation of non-English peoples and places and the display of Empire in the Exhibition. Chapter seven looks at how the Exhibition addressed the question of the 'house that women want', focusing on the actual participation of women in the Exhibition, as 'natural' experts and paid professionals. Chapter eight makes some conclusions on the ways in which the audience's experience of 'suburban modernity' in the Exhibition was dependent on the interaction of the themes outlined in the earlier chapters. The thesis ends with a review of the past, present and future of the Ideal Home Exhibition.

L'objectif de la thèse était d'étudier la composition microbiologique d'environnements intérieurs afind'évaluer les microorganismes, ou profils de microorganismes, liés aux développements de pathologiesrespiratoires, par catégorie de patients (immunodéprimés ou allergiques)Pour cela, des études locales, FIQCS et TIARE, ont respectivement été réalisées aux domiciles de patientsimmunodéprimés (à risque d'infection fongique invasive) et de patients atteints de mucoviscidose (à risqued'aspergillose broncho-pulmonaire allergique). D'autre part, dans le cadre de l'étude ELFE (EtudeLongitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance), des prélèvements provenant de logements de 3200 enfants ontété analysés.Les travaux de ces différentes études ont montré la diversité des logements quant à leur caractéristiquemicrobiologique (diversité des espèces et niveau des concentrations) et ont démontré ainsi l'importance desmesures environnementales aux domiciles pour prévenir les risques infectieux et allergiques / The aim of this work was to study the microbiological composition of indoor environments to assessmicroorganisms, or profiles of microorganisms, related to the development of respiratory diseases, bycategory of patients (immunocompromised or allergie)Local studies, local study, FIQCS and TIARE, were conducted in immunocompromised patients dwellings (atrisk for invasive fungal infection) and in cystic fibrosis patients dwellings (at risk for bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis allergie). A national study (ELFE : Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance ) wasconducted too and analyzed 3,200 children' dwellings.The différent studies showed différent contamination levels in dwellings and demonstrated the importanceof environmental measures in the homes to prevent infectious and allergie risks.

儀式作為人類社會中最重要的體驗活動，在歷經時代的考驗與價值觀的轉變汰換後，流傳下來的內涵與核心意義雖然不變，但表現形式、媒材不斷隨著時代發展與時俱進，本研究欲以政治大學畢業典禮薪火相傳儀式為例，利用體驗設計為框架，將儀式原有內涵作為敘事基礎，藉由數位內容的製作，以及互動設計結合當代科技的運用，重新策劃並執行互動儀式體驗，進而探討傳統儀式與互動儀式體驗的轉變與差異，因此本研究目的歸納為以下三點： 1. 以體驗設計為框架，儀式內涵為敘事核心，利用互動設計結合展示科技製作數位內容，建立互動儀式媒介、互動儀式情境，進而重新策劃、製作、展演虛實整合的互動儀式體驗。 2. 分別從表演者、主動參與者、被動參與者、製作執行者的角度，探討互動儀式體驗與傳統儀式的的轉變與差異。 3. 歸納出互動體驗設計應用於儀式展演的策劃與執行要點。 研究結果發現，互動儀式體驗透過當代互動科技的應用，讓儀式參與者能即時主動加入儀式展演的內容創作，因此相較於傳統儀式能帶來更多的參與感與歸屬感，雖然多數的儀式參與者仍偏好被動觀賞的形式，但集體共創的展演內容能引起在場儀式參與者的共鳴，進而創造儀式當下的回憶，因此深化體驗的感受，也讓儀式不只是流於形式的過程。 / Ceremony is one of the most important experiences in human society. Although the principles and core elements may remain the same, styles of ceremonies and technologies used in the ceremonies have been developed as time progress and values change. The purpose of this study was to discuss the transformation and difference between traditional ceremony and interactive media-introduced ceremony by a case study of passing the flame in National Chengchi University commencement ceremony. This study covers below three topics: 1. By utilizing experience design as framework and the narrative in ceremony as the core, preparing digital content that combines interaction design and exhibition display technology, establishing interactive media and environment, an interactive ceremony experience was re-curated, prepared, and executed. 2. Discussion of transformation and difference between interactive ceremony experience and traditional ceremony from views of performers, active participants, passive participants, and executors. 3. Key factors of application of interactive experience design in ceremony curation and execution. After field observations, digital content analysis, and interviews with some participants, the results revealed that real-time interactive experiences in ceremony can bring more sense of participation and belonging than used to. Despite most of participants preferred just watching the performance, participants could get more connection from exhibition content that contributed by themselves. Therefore, the memory created at the moment could bring stronger feelings and experience and not letting the ceremony become a mere formality.

Berlin, capitale du nouveau Reich allemand, nouvellement déclaré en 1871, est alors une métropole européenne des plus denses et modernes en ce qui a trait aux différentes industries, technologies et transports. Toutefois, tentant d’entretenir l’image hautement glorifiée de son État, l’Empereur à la tête du pays, Guillaume II, impose à l’art son idéal – créant ainsi une politique artistique, une Kunstpolitik – et incite fortement les artistes berlinois à œuvrer dans un style des plus conservateurs. C’est lors d’un discours le 18 décembre 1901, inaugurant l’Allée de la Victoire, située dans le Tiergarten, que l’Empereur exprime ses idées précises quant à un genre artistique idéal, ce qu’est un bon et un mauvais artiste, ainsi qu’un bon ou mauvais art. Tout art divergeant de cet idéal est alors qualifié de « Rinnsteinkunst ». Heinrich Zille, dessinateur-caricaturiste issu du milieu prolétaire, s’engage toute sa carrière à tirer le portrait des gens, du quotidien et de l’environnement de son milieu (le « Milljöh »), et ce, de façon satirique, naturaliste et très crue. Ce mémoire tente donc d’établir un lien direct entre l’idée du « Rinnsteinkunst » de l’Empereur et l’œuvre de Zille, pour ainsi enfin offrir un exemple concret de diffusion de cet art dit de « caniveau » et de montrer comment Zille s’approprie ce genre d’art. Artiste appartenant au mouvement moderniste berlinois, sa principale association étant la Sécession berlinoise, Zille connaît une immense popularité en mettant de l’avant des sujets tabous et proscrits de l’art officiel. On y découvre donc, en de différents formats, médiums et techniques, un côté de Berlin moins connu, bien que plus populeux. Avec les innovations dans l’imprimerie, ainsi que dans le développement de l’intermédialité et des relations artistiques internationales, ses dessins se propagent, donnant ainsi une poussée considérable à l’établissement de l’art moderne à Berlin. / After it was declared capital city of the new Reich in 1871, Berlin was a very dense and very modern European metropolis in regards to different industries, technologies and public transports. However, the Emperor at the head of the country, Wilhelm II (1859-1941), tried to maintain a highly glorified image of his State and imposed his ideal conception of the arts. In so doing, he created an artistic policy, a Kunstpolitik, and strongly urged the Berliner artists of his era to work in a very conservative artistic genre. It is during a famous speech for the inauguration of the Victory Avenue, situated in the Tiergarten in Berlin, on the 18th December 1901, that the Emperor expressed his exact thoughts on what makes a good or a bad artist, and what kind of art is right or wrong. Any art diverging from his ideal would be qualified as “Rinnsteinkunst”. Heinrich Zille (1858-1929), a working-class draftsman and caricaturist, spent his whole career sketching the proletarians and the poor in a satirical, naturalist and blunt way, exposing their everyday lives and their environment, called the “Milljöh”. This thesis attempts to draw the direct relation between the concepts of the “Rinnsteinkunst” and the work of Heinrich Zille, to finally establish a concrete example of what this “gutter art” is about and to demonstrate how Zille used this artistic style. Belonging to the Berlin modernist movement, mainly as part of the Berlin Secession, Zille drew a lot of attention from the public by bringing forward taboo subjects that were banned from official art. His oeuvre, crafted using different formats, mediums, techniques, shows the hidden face of the official imperial Berlin. Innovations in printing techniques, as well as the development of intermediality and international artistic relations allowed for a wide circulation of his drawings, strongly fostering the establishment of modern art in Berlin. / 1871 wurde das deutsche Reich erklärt. Damals war Berlin eine der dichtesten und modernsten europäischen Metropolen, vor allem was Industrie, Technologie und Verkehrssystem betrifft. Vom Kaiser Wilhelm II. (1859-1941), der ein glorifizierendes Bild des Reiches pflegte, wurde allerdings eine die Berliner Künstler in einem konservativem Stil einschränkenden Kunstpolitik angepriesen. Am 18 Dezember 1901, während der Rede zur Enthüllung der am Tiergarten liegenden Siegesallee, hat sich der Kaiser zu seiner Vorstellung eines idealen künstlerischen Genres geäußert. Dabei erklärte er, was seiner Meinung nach gute oder schlechte Künstler bzw. richtige oder falsche Kunst ausmachte. Jede von dieser Richtlinie abweichende Kunst wurde da als „Rinnsteinkunst“ bezeichnet. Der Künstler Heinrich Zille (1858-1929), Zeichner und Karikaturist aus der Arbeiterklasse, hat sich seine ganze Karriere lang damit beschäftigt, das Gesicht des Proletariats, der armen Leute, ihrem Alltag und ihrer Umgebung – das Milljöh – darzustellen. Diese Arbeit setzt das Konzept der „Rinnsteinkunst“ und Heinrich Zilles „Milljöh“ in Beziehung zueinander, um das erste konkrete Beispiel dieser „Kunst der Gosse“ zu liefern und um zu zeigen, wie er sich dieser Kunst zu eigen macht. Zille, ein Mietglieder der Berliner modernistischen Kunstbewegung, hauptsächlich als Teil der Berliner Secession, war schon zu seiner Zeit sehr berühmt, indem er von der offiziellen Kunstpolitik verpönten Tabuthemen in seiner Kunst darstellte. Durch verschiedene Formate, Medien und Techniken wird in Zilles Kunstwerk die Kehrseite des wilhelminischen Berlins gezeigt. Mithilfe der Innovationen in der Druckerei sowie der Entwicklung der Intermedialitäten und der internationalen künstlerischen Beziehungen wurden seine Zeichnungen weitgehend verbreitet, was zur Errichtung einer Berliner modernen Kunst beachtlich beitrug.

Le sujet de notre thèse concerne les acquisitions par achat et par don réalisées au Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal (MACM) entre 1992 et 2012. Nous documentons l’agrandissement de la collection qui est passée de 3000 œuvres à 7500 au cours de ces deux décennies pour déterminer s’il y a présence de sens motivant les acquisitions (collectionnement) ou si au contraire, il s’agit d’une accumulation d’œuvres. Au cours de la période étudiée, nous constatons les difficultés que le MACM rencontre pour maintenir ce sens en raison de certains facteurs : la décision du gouvernement en 1992 d’acheter au nom du MACM la collection corporative Lavalin (1324 œuvres), les années de restriction financières à partir de 1992 et leurs effets sur le budget d’acquisition du Musées, ainsi que les trois changements de direction. Nous examinons aussi les 31 expositions de la collection mises sur pied par les conservateurs du MACM à partir d’œuvres provenant exclusivement de la collection entre 1992 et 2012. Nous considérons l’exposition comme lieu privilégié pour communiquer le sens que le Musée entend donner à sa collection et à cet effet nous y regardons les œuvres présentées, le parcours, les réitérations d’œuvres. Notre enquête montre qu’après vingt ans de présence au centre-ville, les acquisitions sollicitées par achat ou par don qui rejoignent la collection du MACM sont soutenues par une intention double : la mise en avant des étapes de la modernité artistique au Québec, et la présentation de ce qui se fait dans l’actualité. Le sens motivant les acquisitions est parfois confus notamment en ce qui concerne les œuvres de la collection Lavalin dont seul un faible pourcentage (une centaine) remplit les conditions. Notre étude des 31 expositions de la collection met également en évidence l’existence d’une présentation et d’un parcours suivant la double intention du collectionnement, à savoir : l’arrivée de l’abstraction et le cheminement stylistique de l’art contemporain au Québec ainsi que la monstration de l’actualité artistique. Dans ce domaine également, un nombre restreint d’œuvres provenant de la collection Lavalin sont représentées. Finalement, afin d’ouvrir une fenêtre sur d’autres façons de faire nous faisons quelques petits détours. Nous regardons les propositions apportées par la vaste étude sur l’état des musées québécois Entre mémoire et devenir, aussi appelé le Rapport Corbo (2013) pour répondre aux questions de collectionnement, d’engorgement des réserves et de désactualisation de certains corpus de la collection. Nous examinons aussi comment d’autres institutions vouées à l’art contemporain de par le monde répondent à des questions similaires. / The aim of this thesis is to document and examine 20 years of collecting at the Museum of Contemporary art of Montreal between 1992 and 2012, a period during which the collection went from 3300 works of art to more than 7700. We investigate the development of the collection and its representation via exhibitions organized by the Museum. We seek to report what the acquisitions tell us about the institution, the orientation it is giving its collection and the message it seeks to transmit. Our research based on analysis of facts collected in public documentation examines the composition and functioning of the various decision committees responsible for acquisitions, and the financing of the institution. It details acquisitions made via purchase and gift, looks at the style and date of the works selected. It documents the arguments (justifications) brought forward in order to acquire the work and add it to the collection. It observes the image the Museum wants to convey of its collection through its exhibitions. Our study draws a factual portrait of collection during the mandates of the 3 directors in charge of the Museum over a 20 year period and the idea of the collection they tried to communicate via exhibitions.

Magister Artium - MA / In 1974 an Agricultural Museum Committee was established at the Worcester Museum which ultimately led to the development in 1981 of the Kleinplasie Open Air Farm Museum.This began a new phase in the museum’s history, one that I will argue was particularly closely linked to Afrikaner nationalist historiography, in particular to ideas about frontier farmers and pioneer farming lifestyles and activities.This study will take the form of a critical analysis of the establishment of Kleinplasie Living Open Air Museum from 1974 until 1994. It will evaluate the making of exhibitions, its architecture, and the performances and public activities in the establishment of the institution as a site of memory and knowledge. The key question this work engages with is how representations, performance, exhibitions, museum activities, and public involvement were shaped to create particular messages and construct a site of cultural identity and memory at Kleinplasie Living Open Air Museum.It will also deal with questions around who decides on the voices and content of the exhibitions, architecture and displays. The role played by professionals, those who claim to represent community, donors and other interests groups will also be placed under the spotlight. There are also questions around the provenance of collections, the way they were acquired through donations and sponsorships, and the crucial role objects played in the construction of the narrative and identity of the museum.A key question that emerges from my own work is the connection between the Afrikaner nationalist scholarship and the development of the open-air museum based on the life of the frontier farmer at Kleinplasie. While Kleinplasie does not seem to follow the monumental approach that was evident in schemes such as the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria, where triumphalism and conquest are key metaphors, it does rely on a sense of ‘independence’ and self-fulfilment in social history type setting. There is thus a need to consider how Afrikaner nationalist historiography impacted on the way history was depicted at Kleinplasie. P. J. van der Merwe’s studies of the character and lifeways of the trekboer(Die Trekboer in die Geskiedenis van die Kaapkolonie), seems to have played a central role in the construction of the theme and narrative. This three-volume trilogy provided Kleinplasie(literally, ‘little farm’) with a social and cultural history on which to construct its version of the past.

精神障礙者的服務深受現代精神醫學的影響，「診斷」會先於「人」作為看待精神障礙者的框架。隨著對精神疾病的詮釋更加多元，開始出現一些以重視精神障礙者主體性、社會結構取向、優勢正向思考為特點的另類工作方法。本研究所探討的繪畫團體和展覽行動也是基於以上理念的工作方法。 本研究透過與五位精神障礙者的深度訪談，以及對他們繪畫作品的視覺評估，來瞭解他們參與繪畫團體和展覽行動中的轉化歷程。本研究以精神障礙者的生命故事和作品作為開啟，去走進每一個人的生命經驗，去瞭解每一個人的個性、想法，藉此放下視他們為精神障礙者的視框，逐漸展現每一個獨特的個體。基於對每一個個體的深入理解，從而瞭解到他們如何在繪畫團體中感受當下的平靜專注、運用創作練習自我表達、透過自我覺察促成改變的契機、彼此被看見、被傾聽，並獲得人對人之影響力的過程。繪畫也成為了一種非結構化的工作方式，去幫助工作者更貼近每個精神障礙者的內心世界。隨著繪畫團體的「自我探索」面向不斷加深，個人生命背後共有的社會處境被看見，該團體開始有意識地以展覽行動來朝向「社會參與」的面向發展。該團體運用展覽為精神障礙者建立一個真實社會互動的空間、獲得新的身份以及人際磨合和情緒控制的學習，並透過情感共鳴的方式達到去污名的效果。 / The service for people with psychosocial disability is deeply influenced by the modern psychiatry, which tends to see the person as a diagnosis rather than a man / women. As the interpretation of mental illness is becoming more diverse, there comes some alternative treatment methods, which emphasize the individuality of people with psychosocial disability, using social structure orientation and strength-based thinking. The art group and art exhibition studied in this paper are also based on above philosophy. Through in-depth interviews with five people with psychosocial disability and visual assessment on their artworks, this study aims to understand their changing experience in the art group and art exhibition. This study starts with the life stories and artworks of the five interviewees, stressing them as unique individuals with own personality then thoughts rather than those imposed stereotypes of people with psychosocial disability. Based on the depth understanding of every interviewees, the study described their experience in the art group allowing them to feel peaceful and focused, and through art making they were able to express and develop awareness of self, hence promoting changes in self and relationships. The art group described in this study used nonstructural working method, which allowed the group leader and social workers to become closer to the inner world of people with psychosocial disability. With time, shared self-experiences emerged among the art group members, and the group started to evolve towards more social participation in ways of art exhibition. The art exhibition provided them a platform for real interaction with the society, for formulation of new identity, for opportunities to learn interpersonal skills and emotion control, and for diminishing stigmatization through emotional empathy. Keywords: people with psychosocial disability, personal stories, art group, art exhibition

En France, la bande dessinée est exposée dans des musées et des bibliothèques, ses dessins originaux sont vendus dans des galeries dédiées et par de prestigieuses maisons de ventes, mais est-elle pour autant réellement légitimée en tant qu'art au sein de ces champs ? Qui a initié et participe aujourd'hui à ce processus, et selon quelles stratégies ? Cette thèse s'attache à répondre à ces questions en mobilisant les concepts de champs et de légitimité développés par Pierre Bourdieu mais aussi par des emprunts théoriques et méthodologiques à différents sociologues de l'art comme Howard Becker, Serge Chaumier, Jean-Louis Fabiani, Nathalie Heinich, Bernard Lahire, Eric Maigret, Raymonde Moulin, ou Alain Quemin. En venant questionner les trois pôles que sont les artistes, les institutions et le marché, nous établissons un corpus d'évènements et de dessinateurs valorisés par ceux-ci, mais aussi des producteurs de ces évènements. En étudiant leurs déclarations et en allant à leur rencontre lors d'entretiens, nous analysons leurs motivations. Nous parvenons finalement à établir la relativité de la légitimation de la bande dessinée, tant en qualité qu'en nombre d'individus concernés. Malgré la mise en valeur d'un phénomène générationnel dans l'évolution du statut de la bande dessinée et de sa reconnaissance, nous concluons que l'acquisition d'une semi-légitimité (pour reprendre le mot de Jean-Louis Fabiani) du neuvième art est davantage d'un état de fait que d'un processus dynamique en cours d'évolution. / In France, museums and libraries exhibit comics, galleries devoted to them sell their original drawings and renowed art auction houses do too, but does it mean thereby that comics are truly legitimated as art within these fields ? Who initiated the process and today who keeps participating in it, and in doing so, according to which strategies ? This thesis seeks to answer these questions by gathering together the concepts of fields and legitimacy developed by Pierre Bourdieu but also by borrowing theories and methodologies from art socioloists such as Howard Becker, Serge Chaumier, Jean-Louis Fabiani, Nathalie Heinich, Bernard Lahire, Eric Maigret, Raymonde Moulin, or Alain Quemin. By questioning the three poles formed by the artists, the institutions and the art market, we have established a corpus of events, of strip cartoonists highlighted by these events and of the producers of these same events. By studying their declarations and by meeting them to interview them, we have analysed their motivations. We have finally come to establish the relativity of the legitimation of comics both for their quality and the number of the individuals concerned. Despite the fact that a generational phenomenon has been given prominence in the evolution of the status and the recognition of comics, we can conclude that the acquisition of a semi-legitimacy (to employ Jean-Louis Fabiani’s own word) by the ninth art is more of a fact than a dynamic process in development.