Av de före detta kriminella som avtjänat sitt straff återfaller hela 40 % i brottslighet inom tre år. Organisationen Krami arbetar för att minska antalet återfall genom att hjälpa målgruppen till sysselsättning. Med avstamp i detta är syftet med vår studie att undersöka hur anställda i Krami ser på sina arbeten med att värna om före detta kriminellas respekt och integritet i individernas process in på arbetsmarknaden och i att undvika återfall. Detta gör vi genom att undersöka hur åtta intervjupersoner A) ser på de före detta kriminellas möjligheter kontra begränsningar på arbetsmarknaden och B) hur dessa intervjupersoner ser på sina möjligheter att arbeta med de tidigare kriminellas värderingar för att motverka återfall i brott. De teorier som används i vår studie är: Värderingsbaserad teori med begreppet värderingar; Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) med begreppen självuppfattning, förväntade resultat och personliga mål; Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) med begreppen begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet. Utöver ovanstående teorier har begreppen cooling down och pushing up använts. Studiens resultat visar att intervjupersonerna använder sig av cooling down och pushing up med avsikten att öka målgruppens möjligheter på arbetsmarknaden. Intervjupersonerna upplever att de behöver stötta målgruppen i att öka sin känsla av hanterbarhet för att kunna förändra vissa värderingar, vilka intervjupersonerna anser nödvändiga för att öka sina möjligheter på arbetsmarknaden och för att motverka återfall. Samtliga intervjupersoner upplever att det är viktigt att tro på varje enskild individ, och att alla förtjänar en andra chans. / 40 % of convicted criminals relapse to criminal behavior within three years. Krami is an organization working towards dwindling/reducing recoil numbers by providing alternative occupation. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Krami employees perceive their task in shielding ex-convicts’ respect and well being through their journey towards employment as well as dodging any form of criminal relapse. This will be examined by analyzing how eight interviewees A) experience ex-convicts’ opportunities counter the limitation through the labor market, and B) how they evaluate the prospect to work with ex-convict valuation to diminish criminal relapse. The theories used in this study is: Value based theory based on the concept of valuation; Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) with the conceptions of self-efficacy, outcome expectations and personal goals; Sense of coherence (SOC) in the concept of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. In addition to aforementioned concepts, we have cooling down and pushing up. The results show that the interviewees make use of cooling down and pushing up with the intention to amplify the target audiences prospective as employees. The interviewees experience support requirements from the target audience to gain coping to handle and change certain values i.e. what the interviewees consider to be necessary to enhance employment opportunities and reduce criminal recoil. All interviewees feel that it is important to believe in every solitary individual and that everyone deserves a second chance.

The interest in adopting imported stray dogs has increased in Sweden in recent years. There are different views on whether to adopt a dog from abroad or not due to different aspects regarding animal welfare problems. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate whether there are differences in behavior and health problems between former stray dogs (FG) and Swedish dogs (SH). Three questionnaires were designed, of which two for dog owners of each dog type and one for veterinarians. In addition, experts in the field, veterinarian Johan Beck-Friis and animal behaviorist Linda Hill specializing in stray dogs, were interviewed. Dog organizations working with importing stray dogs to Sweden were also contacted, but due to a lack of answers, it was difficult to get a general view of them. FG did not appear to have any major behavioral differences compared to SH, except in the case of fear. Furthermore, SH had more health problems than FG according to the dog owners. On the other hand, the majority of the veterinarians considered that FG generally had more behavioral and health problems than SH.

Our study is about how individuals leave their old lifestyle of criminals to be con-criminals. Which results in this question – How can we understand the process which entails to a successful lifestyle change? To get a deeper understanding about the turn-out of the process have we been taking help by four theories, Hirschi, Tilly, Granovetter and Ebaugh. Hirschi’s theory answer the following question “Why don’t people break the law?” This question answers which factors that separates criminals and non-criminals from each other. Tilly’s theory is formed to answer the inequalities origin, development and how it’s constantly reproducing itself. Through this we get an understanding of why it’s difficult to leave a network and through that, we understand which mechanisms binds an individual to a network. By knowing this we can revaluate the knowledge and therefore answer the question which mechanisms are necessary in the network of binding the individual. Granovetter’s network-theory explains how the social relationships may have an impact on the results of the lifestyle change. Ebaugh’s stage-theory about role exit explains how a process against a changed lifestyle seems. The result that we have concluded, through collected empiricism from 10 con-criminals, have different components from mainly the three latter theories. We have been taking help of Hirschi’s theory to understand Granovetter’s network-theory, regarding how a tie develops to a stronger tie. The results that appeared after the interviews from our informants from KRIS (Kriminellas Revansch I Samhället), were that their lifestyle change emerged as a result after an episode in their life made them doubt their own life-situation and lifestyle. Those events were often connected to bad health or to relationships that didn’t have the same value as the previous ones. These events contribute that the individual starts to doubt and search for alternatives paths. To our informants have KRIS been the alternative path and through combining Tilly’sand Granovetter’s theories, we can be able to understand why and how our informants are successful with their lifestyle change. Thanks to our interviews with our informants we can find common factors, even if they came from different contexts, and through components from the different theories we can create us an analysis model that explains a successful lifestyle change.

På dagens arbetsmarknad har det blivit allt vanligare att arbetsgivare begär utdrag ur belastningsregistret vilket hämmar före detta kriminellas möjligheter att få en nystart och integreras i samhället. Tidigare forskning visar på att de som finner ett arbete efter avtjänat straff löper mindre risk för att återfalla i brott samtidigt som arbetsgivarnas benägenhet att begära utdrag ut belastningsregistret ökar. Med utgångspunkt i detta har vårt syfte varit att undersöka och belysa hur före detta kriminella ser på sina möjligheter att få ett arbete i relation till belastningsregistret och dess effekt samt hur arbete och social inkludering/exkludering har inverkan på varandra. För att besvara vårt syfte har vi genomfört en kvalitativ studie baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer med medlemmar i organisationen KRIS (Kriminellas Revansch I Samhället). Resultatet från vår studie har påvisat att belastningsregistret försvårar möjligheterna för före detta kriminella på arbetsmarknaden och bidrar till känslor av social exkludering. Det har framkommit att arbete kan ha en positiv inverkan på social inkludering men likväl kan en individs sociala inkludering skapa möjligheter att finna arbete. Den slutsatsen vi dragit är att arbete är en av de viktigaste faktorerna för före detta kriminellas inkludering i samhället och möjligheten till arbete skapas främst genom kontakter. Vi har även funnit att belastningsregistret är kontraproduktivt då det får en indirekt negativ brottsförebyggande verkan på samhällsnivå, då de utan arbete lättare återfaller i brott. Således bidrar belastningsregistrets användning till att fler människor exkluderas och att risken för att fler brott begås ökar, i strävan efter att skydda människor från brottslighet. / At today's labor market it has become increasingly common for employers to request a criminal background check and get access to the employees criminal record. This impedes the potential of former criminals to get a new start and integrate into society. Previous research show that those who find work after they finished their penalties runs a lower risk of recidivism in crime at the same time as employers tendency to request for criminal records have increased. On the basis of this, our aim has been to examine and illustrate how former criminals experience their opportunities to find a work in relation to the criminal record and its effect, as well as how work and social inclusion/exclusion have an impact on each other. To answer our aim, we have conducted a qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with members of the organization KRIS (criminals comeback in society). The results of our study have shown that a criminal record makes it difficult for former criminals on the labor market and contributes to feelings of social exclusion. It has been found that work can have a positive impact on social inclusion, as well as an individual's social inclusion can create opportunities to find a work. The conclusion we’ve made is that work is one of the most important factors for the inclusion of former criminals in society and the possibility of work is mainly created through contacts. We have also found that the criminal record is counterproductive since it has an indirectly negative crime prevention effect at community level, since those who don’t find work more easily return to crime. Thus, the use of the criminal register contributes to the exclusion of people and the risk of more crimes being committed, in order to protect people from crime.

Det övergripande syftet med denna studie är att undersöka viktiga faktorer till att individer lyckas lämna en kriminell livsstil. Detta är av intresse att undersöka då politiker och andra aktörer i samhället som arbetar med att bekämpa kriminalitet får kunskap om dessa faktorer och kan arbeta utifrån det. Tillvägagångssättet för studien har varit en kvalitativ innehållsanalys baserat på semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studiens syfte har besvarats genom intervjuer med fyra personer från föreningen KRIS - Kriminellas revansch i samhället. Samtliga intervjupersoner har tidigare suttit i fängelse och haft en kriminell livsstil som de har lämnat. I resultatet pekades sju faktorer ut som viktiga för att kunna lämna en kriminell livsstil - individens spiritualitet, att individen varit med om vändpunkter som gett en tankeställare, individens inre övertygelse, gemenskap,ett adekvat myndighetsstöd, identifikation och nykterhet. Faktorerna har varit viktiga både enskilt och tillsammans med varandra. Denna studie visar även på ett varierande och delvis bristfälligt stöd från myndigheter i individers process av att lämna en kriminell livsstil. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av de teoretiska perspektiven: kontrollteori, stämplingsteori, Parks meningsskapande teori och resiliens. / The overall purpose of this study is to investigate important factors for individuals' criminal desistance process. This is of interest to investigate in order for politicians and other actors in society who work to combat criminality to gain knowledge of these factors so they can work based on that knowledge. The approach in the study has been a qualitative content analysis based on semi-structured interviews. The purpose of the study has been answered through interviews with four people from the association KRIS - Kriminellas revansch i samhället. All of the interviewed persons are former prisoners and have in the past lived a criminal lifestyle which they now have left. In the results, seven factors were identified as important for being able to leave a criminal lifestyle - the individuals connection to spirituality and religion, that the individual experienced turning points which contributed to the person having an eye-opener, possessing an inner conviction, the access to a prosocial community, an adequate support from authorities, identification and sobriety. These factors have been important both individually and combined with each other. This study also shows a varying and a partly inadequate support from authorities during individuals' desistance process. The result has been analyzed with help from several theoretical perspectives: control theory, labeling theory, Parks theory of meaning making and the theory of resilience.