Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2003--Darmstadt.

Cette thèse étudie l’incorporation des préférences sociales typiques, telles que le souci de justice et la réciprocité, dans la chaîne logistique. Les impacts de ces préférences sociales sur la prise de décisions dans la chaîne logistique, sur l’efficacité et la coordination du canal de distribution sont étudiés. Plus spécifiquement, la thèse se focalise sur trois questions essentielles ci-dessous : 1. Qu’est-ce qui différencie un canal conventionnel d’un canal comportemental qui prend en compte la justice et/ou la réciprocité par exemple ? 2. Comment ces facteurs comportementaux influencent-ils la prise de décisions du fournisseur et du distributeur dans la chaîne logistique ? 3. Quels effets ont ces préférences sociales sur la coordination du canal de distribution et sur son efficacité ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, nous développons deux modèles d’opérations comportementales. Nous construisons d’abord un modèle de vendeur de journaux pour une chaîne logistique dyadique avec prise en compte de justice dans un processus de négociation de Nash. Dans ce modèle, un fournisseur joue un jeu de Stackelberg avec un distributeur qui doit faire face à une demande aléatoire. La solution de Nash est utilisèe comme référence de justice pour formellement décrire un compromis perçu comme juste, ce qui constitue une nouvelle manière de traiter la justice dans une chaîne logistique. Ensuite nous étudions un canal de distribution similaire mais où le fournisseur et le distributeur ont une préférence pour la réciprocité et la demande est supposée déterministe. Dans ce modèle, l’impact de l’intention dans une chaîne logistique est étudié pour la première fois. Des analyses approfondies de ces modèles comportementaux nous permettent de tirer des aperçus managériaux intéressants,comme par exemple le fait que le souci de justice joue un rôle important sur la difficulté de coordonner un canal de distribution. Nous avons démontré qu’un canal dyadique avec prise en compte de réciprocité peut être coordonné en utilisant un prix de gros constant, ce qui signifie que le problème de double marginalisation ne se pose pas nécessairement tout le temps. / This thesis studies how to incorporate typical social preferences, such as fairness concerns and reciprocity, into the context of supply chain. The impacts of theses social preferences on the supply chain’s decisions, channel efficiency and coordination are investigated. Specifically, it focuses on three important questions as follows: 1, what are the differences between the conventional channel and the behavioral channel (e.g., fairness-concerned channel and reciprocal channel)? 2, how do these behavioral factors influence the decisions of the supplier and the retailer in the supply chain? 3, what effects have these social preferences on the coordination of the channel and its efficiency? In order to answer these questions, two models of behavioral operations are formulated. A newsvendor model for a dyadic supply chain with Nash bargaining fairness concerns is built first. In this model, a supplier plays Stackelberg game with a retailer who faces stochastic demand. Nash bargaining solution is used as fairness reference to formally depict perceptively fair compromise, which is a new perspective to study fairness concerns in a supply chain. Then a similar dyadic channel in which a retailer and/or a supplier have a preference for reciprocity is investigated, but the retailer is facing deterministic demand. In this model, the impact of intention is studied within the context of supply chain for the first time. Some interesting and valuable managerial insights are drawn by analyzing the two behavioral models. For example, fairness concern does have great impact on the difficulty of coordinating a channel. In addition, the dyadic channel with reciprocity can be coordinated by using a constant wholesale price, which implies that the problem of double marginalization is not necessary to be present all the time.

La première source de la business judgment rule a été la jurisprudence. Celle-ci a été la source des codifications incitatives et contraignantes. Nos recherches ont mis en évidence deux types de formulations de la business judgment rule. Le premier type est la formulation prétorienne lato sensu et stricto sensu. Le second type est la formulation codifiée (Model Business Corporation Act, Corporate Director's Guidebook, Principles of Corporate Governance, lois limitant la responsabilité personnelle des dirigeants). De plus, nos recherches ont dégagé 9 types de termes qui se retrouvent dans tous les types des formulations. Les 4 premiers types de termes correspondent respectivement (1) aux pouvoirs des dirigeants et à leur discrétion, (2) au statut des dirigeants, (3) aux devoirs des dirigeants, (4) aux degrés de devoirs requis et à la gravité de la transgression de ces devoirs sanctionnée (standard of conduct). Les cinq types de termes suivants correspondent respectivement (1) au droit à l'erreur, (2) à la présomption de comportement/conduite, (3) au refus d'un contrôle judiciaire, (4) à la charge de la preuve, (5) à la justification de la business judgment rule (standard of revision). Les deux différences fondamentales entre les formulations de la business judgment rule sont les suivantes. La première différence se situe au niveau des conditions d'application de la règle et concerne la relation entre le standard de conduite, c'est-à-dire le type des devoirs, le degré des devoirs et la gravité de la transgression des devoirs, et le standard de responsabilité, c'est-à-dire les devoirs examinés quand la business judgment rule s'applique. La seconde différence fondamentale entre les formulations se situe au niveau des effets de la règle et concerne l'étendue d'un contrôle judiciaire sur le résultat de l'action ou de l'omission des dirigeants, c'est-à-dire le prix grossièrement inadéquat, l'abus de discrétion, le dépassement grossier, etc. / The first source of the « business judgment rule » is the jurisprudence. The jurisprudence was the source of the « soft law » and « hard law » codifications. The research showed two types of formulations of the « business judgment rule ». The first type is the jurisprudence formulation lato sensu_and stricto sensu. The second type is the codification formulation (Mode) Business Corporation Act, Corporate Director's Guidebook, Principles of Corporate Governance, lois limitant la responsabilité personnelle des dirigeants). The research showed nine types of terms which may be found in the formulations of the « business judgment rule». The first four terms correspond respectively to (1) the powers of the governors of the corporation and their discretion ; (2) their status ; (3) their duties, and (4) the degree of their duties. This first type of terms constitutes the standard of conduct. The next five types of terms correspond respectively to (1) the right to the error; (2) the presumption of the conduct; (3) the refusal of judicial review; (4) the burden of proof; (5) the justification of the « business judgment rule ». This second type of terms constitutes the standard of revision. There are two fundamental differences between the formulations of the « business judgment rule ». The first difference is situated at the level of the conditions of application of the « business judgment rule », and concerns the relations between the standard of conduct and the standard of revision. The second difference is situated at the level of the effects of the « business judgment rule » and concerns the scope of judicial review.

In 2006 the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) introduced new legislation related to corporate governance (CG). Initial evaluation by the World Bank three years later showed relatively modest implementation of the regulations. This thesis investigates the extent to which this has been adopted over the past ten years. Saudi business has become more globalized, and a more standardised approach to CG is naturally expected by international partners and investors who must themselves justify investment. This research expands the existing literature on CG by examining the progress of countries with developing economies and relatively weak or new histories of regulated CG. This thesis explores the extent and form of the uptake of the newest generation of CG regulations, the existing roadblocks and the general current attitudes to corporate governance in KSA, examining the extent of KSA company compliance with KSA corporate governance regulations, the reasons for non-compliance when that exists, and any relevant deficits in the 2006 legislation with respect to international best practice. This is investigated through the use of a series of interviews and surveys with major Saudi organizations, as well as analysis of secondary information. The mixed method approach of quantitative and qualitative data analysis was selected as providing a means to generate both benchmarking data (i.e. quantitative) and further insight as to obstacles for further adoption (i.e. qualitative). As the basis for the investigation, questions are structured around four basic pillars of corporate governance: transparency; stakeholder value; responsibility; and fairness. This linkage of these factors with organisational structure, decision-making and the overall image of the firm within the industry is combined with an examination of how CG affects Saudi business expansion and investments, particularly in relation to how parties from other countries perceive the governance of a company. This perception of governance may condition their views concerning, for example, partnering with and investing in that company. The secondary data relates to The Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA), Sanabil Investments and Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC). The qualitative data analysis was taken from interviews conducted from fifteen top managers of large-scale organisations. The quantitative data was collected from three organisations: Almarai, Saudi Aramco and Albaik. The overall results of the qualitative analysis and the secondary analysis showed that CG plays a vital role in business development. Quantitative analysis supported the idea that transparency, stakeholder value and corporate image are the main attributes of CG in a Saudi context, with statistical analysis indicating that both are essential to company access to private investment and market liquidity The overall findings indicate KSA’s need to improve its CG standards further, and taht whilst benchmarking of government-supported institutions such as SAMA and SABIC would be of assistance, the KSA government could play a pro-active role in encouraging businesses to expand best international corporate governance practices.

218 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-05-06T16:39:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ Rita de Jesus.pdf: 1159985 bytes, checksum: 36971ad89df0324d67b8aa7bc3c8b010 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-06-11T16:07:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ Rita de Jesus.pdf: 1159985 bytes, checksum: 36971ad89df0324d67b8aa7bc3c8b010 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-11T16:07:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ Rita de Jesus.pdf: 1159985 bytes, checksum: 36971ad89df0324d67b8aa7bc3c8b010 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Este estudo enfoca através da abordagem metodológica da história de vida, a inserção da questão racial negra em duas universidades federais da Bahia. Tematiza através das narrativas implicadas o processo de formação de professores/as, a inserção da questão étnico-racial nos currículos e as políticas para a eqüidade numa perspectiva complexa, com foco nas teorias de currículo lidas a partir da multirreferencialidade, do multiculturalismo e do pensamento anti-colonial em educação. / Salvador

This study deals with the employee fairness perceptions of their performance management system in a South African organisation. The concept of justice, with particular reference to procedural, distributive and interactional justice, is used as a guide in assessing employee perceptions of fairness of the organisations’ performance management system. A qualitative approach was used to gain an in-depth understanding of employee perceptions of fairness based on their personal experiences of the organisation’s performance management system. Data was obtained through extensive semi structured interviews with 20 employees who had been with the organisation and participated in the performance management system for 5 or more years. All interviews were transcribed and assessed using a thematic analysis. The overall findings show that there are negative fairness perceptions of the performance management system as assessed according to the three organisational justice factors of procedural, distributive and interactional justice. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology) / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Submitted by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T14:41:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-william-tito-schuman-marinho.pdf: 1564748 bytes, checksum: 901cf14e5cdf77cf922cb8a7fc6e229a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T15:09:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-william-tito-schuman-marinho.pdf: 1564748 bytes, checksum: 901cf14e5cdf77cf922cb8a7fc6e229a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T15:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-william-tito-schuman-marinho.pdf: 1564748 bytes, checksum: 901cf14e5cdf77cf922cb8a7fc6e229a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-18 / A ideia central da teoria da justiça de John Rawls, a justiça como equidade, como elaborada desde os seus escritos iniciais até a “edição-tradução revista” de A theory of justice, é apresentar uma concepção de justiça que generalize e eleve a um nível mais alto de abstração a tradicional concepção do contrato social, tal como estabelecida por Locke, Rousseau e Kant. O contrato social, no entanto, é substituído por uma situação inicial que contém certas restrições (sobre a concepção de bem e pelo véu de ignorância) aos argumentos, com o objetivo de conduzir as partes a um consenso justo sobre princípios de justiça. Essa interpretação (mais geral e abstrata da concepção do contrato social) é alcançada por intermédio da ideia, tanto intuitiva, quanto fundamental e de justificação, da posição original. A posição original é apresentada como artifício hipotético e heurístico de representação, verdadeiro experimento do pensamento, e a sua construção é analisada segundo suas categorias próprias. Em linhas gerais, é ela uma situação hipotética de liberdade igual (definição) sobre o justo no status quo que, semelhante ao estado de natureza do contrato social (fundamento filosófico), assegura que pessoas livres e iguais (pressupostos), de forma racional, na condição de representantes dos cidadãos de uma sociedade bem-ordenada, sob um véu de ignorância (característica), escolham certa concepção de justiça, com a finalidade de chegar a um consenso sobre os princípios de justiça para a regulação, na cooperação entre todos, da estrutura básica da sociedade (objetivo). A perspectiva adotada na pesquisa é tanto histórica quanto interpretativa. É sugerida, logo na Introdução, uma reanálise da leitura da obra de John Rawls, considerando-a, na perspectiva histórico-evolutiva, não segundo sua “data de publicação”, mas segundo a “evolução de seus conceitos”. Por isso, a edição-revista de A theory of justice e Justice as fairness: A restatement, sob tal justificativa, são realocadas. No Capítulo 1 é apresentada uma visão geral sobre os pontos de vistas morais adotados, como justificativas, pela justiça como equidade. No Capítulo 2 é iniciada a descrição da “evolução conceitual” da posição original, segundo os escritos iniciais de John Rawls, em consideração aos anos de 1950 até 1971. Neste período são apresentados os elementos estruturais da posição original. No Capítulo 3 é analisada a posição original como estabelecida em A theory of justice, nos aspectos que diferem dos escritos anteriores e no que veio a ser considerado como mais polêmico. A “natureza” da posição original como “experimento do pensamento” é discutida. O Capítulo 4 retoma a descrição da “evolução conceitual” da posição original, mas, agora, a partir dos escritos posteriores a 1971, e institui um diálogo das ideias de John Rawls com outros, a partir de seus esclarecimentos, de suas réplicas e de suas (eventuais) revisões, considerando as críticas que lhe foram dirigidas após a edição original de A theory of justice até 1975, ano de publicação da sua “edição-tradução revista” em alemão. Como Conclusão, sugiro que a posição original, ao menos até 1975, é essencial ao sistema filosófico sobre a justiça de John Rawls; porém, isolada, é insuficiente para, no seu plano, justificar, seja inicialmente, a escolha dos dois princípios de justiça da justiça como equidade, ou, seja posteriormente, estabilizá-los. A justiça como equidade, nestas duas etapas ou graus de justificação, de escolha e de estabilidade – e sem considerar o “giro” do liberalismo político –, além da posição original, necessita, como “complemento”, de outras ideias fundamentais: a de pessoa, a de sociedade bem-ordenada e a de equilíbrio reflexivo. / The central idea of John Rawls’ theory of justice, the justice as fairness, as elaborated from his first writings up to the “translated-edition revised” of A theory of justice, is to present a conception of justice that generalizes and elevates to a higher level of abstraction the traditional concept of social contract, such as established by Locke, Rousseau and Kant. The social contract, however, is replaced by an initial situation that contains certain restrictions (about the conception of good and by the veil of ignorance) to the arguments, with the purpose of conducting the parties to a fair consensus about the principles of justice. This interpretation (more general and abstract of the conception of social contract) is reached through the idea, both intuitive and fundamental, and of justification of the original position. The original position is presented as hypothetical and heuristic artifice of representation, a real thought experiment, and its construction is analyzed according to its own categories. In outline, it is a hypothetical situation of equal liberty (definition) about the just in the status quo that, similar to the state of nature of the social contract (philosophical fundament), assures that free and equal persons (presuppositions), in a rational way, in the condition of representatives of citizens of a well-ordered society, under the veil of ignorance (characteristic), choose certain conception of justice, with the purpose of reaching a consensus about the principles of justice for the regulation, in the cooperation among all, of the basic structure of society (objective). The perspective adopted in the research is both historical and interpretative. It is suggested, soon in the Introduction, a re-analysis of the reading of John Rawls’s work, considering it, in the historicalevolutional perspective, not according to “the date of its publication”, but according to the “evolution of their concepts”. For that reason, the revised-edition of A theory of justice and Justice as fairness: A restatement, under such justification, are relocated. On Chapter 1 is presented a general view about the moral point of views adopted, as justifications, by the justice as fairness. On Chapter 2 is initiated a description of the “conceptual evolution” of the original position, according to John Rawls’s initial writings, in consideration to years 1950 to 1971. In that period, the structural elements of the original position are presented. On Chapter 3 is analyzed the original position as established in the A theory of justice, in the aspects that differ from previous writings and which came to be considered as the most controversial. The “nature” of original position as “thought experiment” is discussed. The Chapter 4 retakes the description of the “conceptual evolution” of the original position, but now beginning from writings after 1971 and establishes a dialogue of John Rawls’s ideas with others, starting from his explanations, his replies and his (eventual) revisions, considering the critiques directed to him after the original edition of A theory of justice, up to 1975, year of the publication of the “translatededition revised” in German. As Conclusion, I suggest that the original position, at least until 1975, it is essential to the John Rawls’s philosophical system about justice; however, isolated, it is not sufficient to, in his plan, justify, be initially, the choice of the two principles of justice of the justice as fairness, or, be later, to stabilize them. The justice as fairness, in these two stages or justifications degrees, of choice and of stability – and without considering the political liberalism’s “turn” – besides the original position, needs, as “complement”, of other fundamental ideas: of person, of well-ordered society and of reflective equilibrium.

O objetivo geral desta dissertação é defender que as religiões e os argumentos religiosos tenham um espaço no debate da definição de bem e justiça para a sociedade e para o desenvolvimento humano. Por isso faz se necessário debater as relações das teorias filosóficas do Utilitarismo de Jeremy Bentham, da Justiça como Equidade de John Rawls e da Abordagem da Capacitação de Amartya Sen com as religiões. Também é necessário repelir os argumentos que estas filosofias apresentam para que as religiões não participem do debate de bem comum, de justiça e para o desenvolvimento humano. Por fim será apresentado o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano das Religiões (IDH-R), que segue a mesma metodologia utilizada pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento para compor o IDH em seus relatórios de desenvolvimento humano, e se buscará explicar os motivos das variações do IDH-R entre as diferentes religiões. / The general objective of this dissertation is to argue that religions and religious arguments have a place in the discussion of the definition of good and justice to society and to human development. So it makes it necessary to discuss the relationship of philosophical theories the Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham, the Justice as Fairness of John Rawls and the Capability Approach of Amartya Sen with religions. It is also necessary to repel the arguments that these philosophies have that religions do not participate in the discussion of the common good, justice and human development. Finally will be presented the Human Development Index of Religions (HDI-R), which follows the same methodology used by the United Nations Development to compose the HDI in its human development reports, and seek to explain the reasons for variations HDI-R among different religions.

O objetivo geral desta dissertação é defender que as religiões e os argumentos religiosos tenham um espaço no debate da definição de bem e justiça para a sociedade e para o desenvolvimento humano. Por isso faz se necessário debater as relações das teorias filosóficas do Utilitarismo de Jeremy Bentham, da Justiça como Equidade de John Rawls e da Abordagem da Capacitação de Amartya Sen com as religiões. Também é necessário repelir os argumentos que estas filosofias apresentam para que as religiões não participem do debate de bem comum, de justiça e para o desenvolvimento humano. Por fim será apresentado o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano das Religiões (IDH-R), que segue a mesma metodologia utilizada pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento para compor o IDH em seus relatórios de desenvolvimento humano, e se buscará explicar os motivos das variações do IDH-R entre as diferentes religiões. / The general objective of this dissertation is to argue that religions and religious arguments have a place in the discussion of the definition of good and justice to society and to human development. So it makes it necessary to discuss the relationship of philosophical theories the Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham, the Justice as Fairness of John Rawls and the Capability Approach of Amartya Sen with religions. It is also necessary to repel the arguments that these philosophies have that religions do not participate in the discussion of the common good, justice and human development. Finally will be presented the Human Development Index of Religions (HDI-R), which follows the same methodology used by the United Nations Development to compose the HDI in its human development reports, and seek to explain the reasons for variations HDI-R among different religions.

A través del presente trabajo, el autor busca introducir al lector en la problemática actual sobre las transacciones entre partes relacionadas. Teniendo en cuenta dicha finalidad, el reconocido experto en Derecho societario realiza un análisis de la regulación de los distintos instrumentos existentes que apuntan a mitigar o resolver los problemas ocasionados en base a dichas transacciones. El autor inicia describiendo el panorama normativo que se encuentra en el Derecho Comparado para, luego, teniendo ello como base, realizar el escrutinio de la normativa peruana sobre el particular.   Through this work, the author seeks to introduce the reader to the current problems on transactions between related parties. With this purpose in mind, the renowned expert in Corporate Law performs an analysis of the regulation of the various existing instruments that aim to mitigate or resolve the problems caused on the basis of such transactions. The author starts describing the regulatory landscape that is in Comparative Law. Then, having this as a basis; he carries out a scrutiny of the Peruvian legislation on the particular.