Dagens arbetsmarknad präglas av flexibilitet och ständiga förändringar som ställer höga krav på organisationers förmåga till omställning och utveckling. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur chefers ledarskap kan främja organisatoriskt lärande mot visionen lärande organisation inom en statlig myndighet. Studien genomfördes i en organisation där det finns ett krav på ständigt lärande för att klara av sitt uppdrag. Genom en kvalitativ metod med djupintervjuer och fenomenologisk analysmetod klargjordes åtta respondenters upplevelser av ledarskapets främjande av medarbetarens lärande och utveckling. Resultatet visade att chefers ledarskap kan främja medarbetarens lärande och utveckling genom att ge individuellt stöd, vara lyhörd samt främja dialogen både på grupp- och organisationsnivå. Slutsats: De tre essenserna: ge individuellt stöd, vara lyhörd samt främja dialogen går att ställa mot huruvida de kan tillämpas på individuell- eller organisationsnivå. Individuellt stöd och lyhördhet berör främst ledarens agerande på individnivå. Dialogen däremot behöver främjas av ledarskapet både på individuell- och organisationsnivå för att bidra till en högre nivå av lärande i organisationen. / The labor market of today is characterized by flexibility and constant changes that place high demands on organizations' ability to change and develop. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the leadership by managers can promote organizational learning towards the vision learning organization within a state authority. The study was conducted in an organization where there is a requirement for continuous learning to fulfill its mission. Through a qualitative approach with deep interviews and phenomenological analysis method, eight respondents' experiences of leadership's promotion of employee learning and development were clarified. The results showed that the leadership by managers' can promote employee learning and development by  providing individual support, being responsive and promoting dialogue at both group and organizational levels. Conclusion: The three essences:  providing individual support, being responsive and promoting dialogue can be asked whether they can be applied at individual or organizational level. Individual support and responsiveness primarily concern the conduct of the leader at the individual level. Conversely, the dialogue needs to be promoted by leadership at both individual and organizational levels to achieve a higher level of learning in the organization.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the use of certain music activities in meeting some of the needs peculiar to a group of older, retarded Latin-American children. It is an effort to determine whether certain music activities may or may not help to give Latin-American children a more satisfying school experience and better equip them to live in the Anglo-American society of which they have become a part.

This study investigated the use of interdisciplinary computer-based simulations compared to traditional teaching methods. The academic intrinsic motivation of gifted and non-gifted students was analyzed using a quasi-experimental design, similar to a pretest/posttest design.

This study examined the relationship between levels of implementation of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' Curriculum and Evaluation Standards and 5th Grade Louisiana Educational Assessment Program Math Scores with the effects of race of students accounted for. Secondary areas of interest were the relationship between LEAP mathematics scores with the effects of race of students accounted for and the teacher characteristics of years experience and educational attainment and of the relationship between level of implementation of the Standards and teacher characteristics. The population, from which a sample size of 250 was randomly drawn, was comprised of 1994-95 Louisiana public school teachers who taught in a regular 5th grade or departmentalized math class. Survey research was used to place the responding teachers at one of the five levels of implementation. Hierarchical Multiple Regression was used to analyze the question of primary interest. Race of the students was found to have accounted for nearly 9% of the variance in LEAP mathematics scores. This figure was statistically significant. The independent variable Level of Implementation of the Standards produced ambiguous results. Students of Level 1 (non-implementers) teachers were found to have statistically significantly higher LEAP scores than did students of Level 2 teachers. The Level 1 students had scores which were non-statistically significantly higher than did those of Level 3 and 5. Students of Level 4 teachers had scores which were significantly higher than those students whose teachers were at Level 2 and 5. No significant relationship was found to exist between student LEAP mathematics scores and teacher characteristics of years experience and educational attainment nor between levels of implementation of the Standards and the same two teacher characteristics. Despite these findings, in light of the amount of research pointing to their value, implementation of Standards is still highly recommended.

During the years following Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. district courts assumed the burden of implementing that decision across the country. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the district court judges in the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in that effort. The primary sources used are the district, appellate and Supreme Court opinions. This study concludes that many background variables used to study judicial behaviour are ineffective in this geographical area because of the homogeneity of the judges' backgrounds. But, as indicated by the Johnson appointments, a president can select judges that have a particular attitude toward an issue such as integration, if he has the desire and the political acumen to do so.

"The problem of this study is to determine whether the hobbies of the fourth and fifth grade boys of the public schools in Denton, Texas, are contributing to their social needs. It is believed that the intangible attributes of living, which can be mearsured neither by rule nor square, make for the well-rounded, happy, social, individual, whether he be adult or child. The degree to which an individual is adjusted socially ranges from the completely anti-social type to the fully-integrated type. The reasons for this gradation are numerous. They include the influence of the home, the school, and the playmates, as well as other factors in the general environment of the child. The purpose of this investigation is to discover whether the hobbies of the boys under consideration are potential and actual forces for integration and socialization."--leaf 1.

"The purpose of this study was to determine the percent of boys who had hobbies; what influenced their choice of hobbies; what types of hobbies were selected; what were their recreational, educational, and vocational values; and what were their environmental influences...One hundred and ninety-eight questionnaires were filed out in the schools that were in the high economic districts, one hundred ninety-one in the medium districts, and one hundred ninety-seven in the low districts. This made a total of five hundred and sixty-five questionnaires used in the analysis... Comparisons and analyses of all the groups were made by means of numbers, percentages, and averages. "-- leaves 3,7

À la suite de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’Europe est affaiblie et divisée. Les horreurs de la guerre amènent les Européens à repenser leur cohabitation et l’idée d’une Europe, unie par des liens économiques et politiques forts, germe dans l’esprit des Européens. Ils créent alors la CECA en 1951 puis, sept ans plus tard, la Communauté économique européenne. Puisque cette dernière aura du succès, certains pays européens, dont la Grande-Bretagne, demandent à la rejoindre. La France d’alors, sous la présidence de Charles de Gaulle, s’oppose à cette demande d’adhésion à deux reprises, en 1963 et en 1967. Il faut attendre l’arrivée de Georges Pompidou à l’Élysée pour que Londres intègre la CEE. L’élargissement de la Communauté est un évènement important; il a un impact direct sur le rôle de la France en Europe et dans le monde. Il a également une incidence certaine sur le rôle de l’Europe dans le monde bipolaire de l’époque, ainsi que sur ses relations avec l’allié américain. La presse des pays concernés suivra ces évènements avec intérêt, telle la presse quotidienne française, qui commente abondamment les décisions prises par son gouvernement. Le présent mémoire, qui étudie certains journaux d’importance à la lumière des ouvrages d’érudition et des sources primaires, analyse thématiquement la position de journaux français de diverses tendances politiques sur la politique française au cours des trois demandes. / Following the Second World War, Europe was divided and weak. The horrors of war forced Europeans to rethink how to co-exist and the idea of a united Europe with strong economical and political ties grew among them. The ECSC was created in 1951 and then, seven years later, the European Economic Community. When the latter succeeded, some European countries, like Great Britain, asked to join. France, and its president Charles de Gaulle, objected to the British application on two occasions, in 1963 and in 1967. London had to wait for the arrival of a new French president, Georges Pompidou, to be officially accepted in the EEC. The enlargement of the Community was an important event because it had an impact on France’s role in Europe and in the world. It also influenced Europe’s role in the then bipolar world and on its relations with the United States. The national press of the countries involved covered the events surrounding the enlargement with interest. The French daily press commented on them at length. Using both historical studies and primary sources, this thesis thematically analyzes the views of French newspaper of different political horizons on French policy surrounding the three British applications.

A rebours des idées reçues, nous postulons que l’intervention de l’Élysée en matière de lutte antiterroriste s’avère peu prégnante, le caractère exceptionnel de l’implication mitterrandienne parasitant souvent le jugement. Quels que soient les facteurs et paramètres d’une intervention, la personnalité du Président de la République décide du périmètre de son rôle qui ne saurait empiéter sur les attributions du ministre de l’Intérieur, s’affranchir d’une configuration institutionnelle et politique. En outre, dans le cas de l’ingérence mitterrandienne, si l’entourage a eu une forte incidence sur l’action gouvernementale en matière de lutte antiterroriste, il représente une indéniable exception. D’une manière générale, il apparaît que l’influence des conseillers sur le Président de la République est occasionnelle, discontinue mais réelle. En sus, les conseillers n’exercent ni pouvoir ni autorité en dehors de la volonté du Président de la République et sont privés de tout relais administratif. / Far from common sense, we hypothesize that the intervention of French presidency of Republic in the counter-terrorism policy is very slight. Very often, the example of François Mitterrand’s presidency confuses the judgment, although it turns out to be exceptional (with regard to President’s powers or his entourage’s powers).What ever are the causes or the parameters of an intervention, the President’s personality is decisive; this factor sets the sphere of presidential operation which cannot encroach on the sphere of the Homeland security secretary because of an institutional and politic configuration. Moreover, the presidential entourage’s influence seems to be occasional, intermittent but real. This entourage doesn’t exercise neither power, nor influence outside limits of President’s will, all the more so as it doesn’t have any administration to obey its possible orders.

De 1945 à 1966, l’évolution de l’armée de l’air française dépend en grande partie des innovations technologiques. L’objet de la présente thèse est d’expliquer comment elle a été capable, technologiquement et structurellement, de passer d’une situation où elle est jugée désuète à une situation dans laquelle elle se tient en tête du dispositif de défense nationale et se positionne comme la troisième force aérienne mondiale. Nous identifions trois périodes essentielles dans la mutation de son expertise technologique. De 1945 à 1950, elle relève plusieurs défis, à l’image de l’intensification des transferts technologiques, de l’aviation à réaction, dans le contexte naissant de la guerre froide. Pour la période 1951-1958, elle suit un cycle de modernisation accélérée malgré les guerres coloniales, sous l’impulsion de l’aide aide américaine, à l’image du développement de programmes aéronautiques et de l’utilisation de missiles. Enfin, de 1959 à 1966, l’armée de l’air s’adapte aux stratégies et aux armes nouvelles dont le nucléaire. Cette période clé aboutit à l’entrée en service du système d’armes stratégique piloté Mirage IV, dans un environnement marqué par de multiples mutations structurelles et par la sortie du commandement militaire intégré de l’OTAN. / From 1945 to 1966, the evolution of the French Air Force largely depends on technological innovations. The aim of this thesis is to analyze how it became able – both technologically and structurally – to pass from a situation in which it was considered as an old-fashioned entity to the head of the national defense system, thus establishing itself as the third Air Force power. To do so, we identify three essential periods, which illustrate its shift to develop progressively its technological expertise. From 1945 to 1950, it meets several challenges such as technological transfers and jet-powered planes in the early years of the Cold War. From 1951 until 1958, it follows a fast modernization trend in spite of the Colonial Wars, as depicted through the development of aeronautical programs and the use of missiles, in a context of American Help. From 1959 to 1966, the French Air Force then adapts to both nuclear-based weapons and strategies, such as piloted strategic armament systems Mirage IV and structural transfers taken out of the military command integrated by NATO.