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The effects of Financial & Institutional Systems on International Trade, Specialization and Foreign Direct Investment / L’effet des systèmes financiers & institutionnels sur le commerce, la spécialisation et les investissements directs étrangersCezar Vasconcellos Barros, Rafael 26 November 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie l’impact des institutions, notamment les institutions financières, sur le commerce et les investissements internationaux. Les quatre premiers chapitres étudient les institutions financières et leur impact sur le commerce et la spécialisation internationale. Précisément, le premier chapitre étudie ces institutions et les déterminants de leur niveau de développement. Le deuxième chapitre analyse la façon dont la finance intervient sur le commerce bilatéral. Le troisième chapitre construit un modèle théorique qui vise à expliquer l’impact de la finance sur le commerce sectoriel en fonction du degré d’intensité financière de chaque secteur. Le quatrième chapitre analyse l’impact hétérogène de la finance sur les différents secteurs manufacturiers. Le dernier chapitre de la thèse utilise le terme “institution” dans un sens plus large et étudie théoriquement et empiriquement si les similitudes et différences dans les environnements institutionnels à travers les pays explique la distribution internationale des investissements directs étrangers (IDE). / This thesis examines the impact of institutions, especially the financial institutions, on international trade and foreign direct investments. The first four chapters study the financial institutions and their impact on trade and international specialization. Specifically, the first chapter examines these financial institutions and the determinants of their level of development. The second chapter examines how finance impacts bilateral trade. The third chapter builds a theoretical model and aims to explain the impact of finance on the sectoral trade as a function of the degree of financial intensity of each sector. The fourth chapter analyzes the heterogeneous impact of finance on the different manufacturing sectors. The last chapter of the thesis uses the term "institution" in a broader sense and studies theoretically and empirically whether the similarities and differences in institutional environments across countries explain the international patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI).
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[en] AN ASPECT-ORIENTED APPROACH TO FRAMEWORK DEVE LOPMENT / [pt] UMA ABORDAGEM ORIENTADA A ASPECTOS PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FRAMEWORKSUIRA KULESZA 04 December 2007 (has links)
[pt] Esse trabalho propõe uma abordagem sistemática para o
desenvolvimento
de frameworks usando técnicas orientadas a aspectos (OA).
O objetivo central
da abordagem é melhorar a capacidade de extensão e
configuração de
frameworks orientados a objetos (OO) para diferentes
cenários de reutilização,
através de uma melhor gerência de suas características. A
abordagem é
composta por: (i) um conjunto de diretrizes para o projeto
e implementação de
frameworks usando programação orientada a aspectos; e (ii)
um modelo
generativo usado para a instanciação automática do
framework e suas
variabilidades OO e OA. As diretrizes propõem a definição
de um conjunto de
pontos de junção de extensão (EJPs - extension join
points) no código do
framework, os quais podem ser usados para estender a
funcionalidade básica do
framework através da implementação de aspectos de
extensão. Tais aspectos
são responsáveis pela implementação de características
transversais opcionais,
alternativas ou de integração demandadas por usuários do
framework. A
abordagem é demonstrada com a implementação / refatoração
de 3 frameworks
OO pertencentes a diferentes domínios de aplicação. Uma
avaliação da
abordagem por meio de um estudo qualitativo e um estudo
quantitativo é
também apresentada. Finalmente, diversas lições aprendidas
e discussões
resultantes da experiência de uso da abordagem são
descritas. / [en] This work proposes a systematic approach to framework
development
which relies on the use of aspect-oriented (AO)
techniques. The main goal of
the approach is to improve the extensibility and
configurability of objectoriented
(OO) frameworks. It is composed of: (i) a set of
guidelines to design
and implement frameworks using aspect-oriented
programming; and (ii) a
generative model which allows the automatic instantiation
of the framework
and its respective OO and AO variabilities. Our guidelines
propose the
definition of extension join points (EJPs) in the
framework code, which can be
used to extend the framework basic functionality by means
of extension aspects.
The extension aspects are responsible for implementing
optional, alternative
and integration crosscutting features required by the
framework users. Since
such aspects can be automatically unplugged from the
framework code, our
approach makes it easier to customize the framework to
specific needs. Three
cases studies are presented to illustrate the
applicability of our approach to the
development of frameworks from different domains. The
approach is also
evaluated through both a qualitative and a quantitative
study. Finally, several
lessons learned and discussions resulting from the use of
the approach are
described.
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Flux de capitaux étrangers, institutions et croissance soutenable dans les pays en développement / Foreign Capital Flows, Institutions and Sustainable Growth in Developing CountriesTrabelsi, Mohamed 16 December 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse est un ensemble de quatre essais indépendants sur la réforme du compte capital dans les pays en développement. Le premier essai analyse théoriquement les effets de la libéralisation du compte capital sur la croissance à long terme en présence de corruption dans le secteur public. Le résultat principal est que la corruption réduit la croissance, en présence d’ouverture financière, à cause de son effet négatif sur l'épargne étrangère. Le deuxième essai examine le lien entre le développement financier et la libéralisation des flux de capitaux pour un échantillon de 90 pays développés et en développement durant la période 1980-2009. Les résultats mettent en évidence le rôle des institutions et l'importance du secteur privé comme conditions pré-requises pour un effet positif de la réforme du compte capital sur le secteur financier. Le troisième essai s’intéresse à la causalité entre la libéralisation des flux de capitaux et la croissance, en utilisant l'approche de Toda et Yamamoto, pour un échantillon de six pays émergents durant la période 1975-2011. Les résultats indiquent une causalité directe allant de la libéralisation du compte capital à la croissance, surtout dans les pays qui ont mis en œuvre des réformes macroéconomiques profondes. Le dernier essai étudie les effets de la libéralisation financière externe sur les variables macroéconomiques en Turquie au cours de la période 1989-2009, en utilisant des données trimestrielles et un modèle VAR. Les résultats indiquent que les flux de capitaux ont des effets variables sur l'économie turque avant et après la crise de 2001, avec surtout des effets positifs sur l’environnement macroéconomique après la crise. / This thesis is a set of four independent essays on the reforms of capital accounts in developing countries. The first essay analyses theoretically the effects of capital account liberalization on long run growth in presence of corruption in the public sector. The main result is that corruption lowers growth opportunities, when the capital account is open, because of its negative effect on foreign savings. The second essay investigates empirically the nexus between financial development and free capital flows using a sample of 90 developed and developing countries over the period 1980-2009. The findings highlight the role of institutional framework and the importance of the private sector as pre-requisites for a significant effect of capital account reform on the financial sector. The third essay sheds light on the causal relationship between free capital movements and economic growth, using the Toda and Yamamoto’s approach, for a selected sample of six emerging countries over the period 1975-2011. The results point out a direct causal relationship going from capital account liberalization to economic growth especially in countries that have implemented deep macroeconomic reforms. The last essay investigates the effects of external financial liberalization on macroeconomic variables in Turkey during the period 1989-2009 using quarterly data within a VAR framework. The findings indicate that capital flows have varying effects on the Turkish economy before and after the crisis of 2001. The evidence supports, particularly, significant effects of freeing financial flows on macroeconomic performance, during the post-crisis period.
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Os determinantes político-institucionais do desenvolvimento financeiro: uma análise QCA dos países emergentes de renda média alta / The political and institutional determinants of financial development: a QCA analysis of upper middle income countriesXavier, Caio Diniz de Oliveira 05 February 2016 (has links)
Por que mesmo entre os países com condições econômicas semelhantes o nível de desenvolvimento financeiro é tão diferente? Diversas variáveis políticas e institucionais já foram ressaltadas pela literatura, no entanto desconectadas uma das outras. Esse artigo visa contribuir para a questão fornecendo um modelo que analise as principais variáveis de forma concomitante, tornando endógena a interação entre elas. Para tanto, selecionamos uma amostra de países de renda média alta que compartilham de outras variáveis econômicas centrais e utilizamos o QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis), como método de análise. O estudo conclui que a estabilidade política é a única condição necessária, porém não suficiente. Entre aqueles países estáveis politicamente foi necessário mais um de dois atributos: um alto grau de proteção aos investidores minoritários ou, surpreendentemente, um regime político autocrático. / Why even among countries with similar economic conditions the financial development level is so different? Several political and institutional variables have already been highlighted in the literature, however disconnected from each other. This article aims to contribute to the issue by providing a model to analyze the main variables simultaneously, making endogenous the interaction between them. To achieve this, we selected a sample of middle-income countries who share other core economic variables and use the QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) as the analysis method. The study concludes that political stability is the only necessary condition, but still not sufficient. Those politically stable countries need another one of attributes: a high degree of protection to minority investors or, surprisingly, an autocratic political regime.
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Desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro e crescimento econômico na América LatinaRocha, Renato Moraes 31 March 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / This paper made a comparative analysis of the impact of the financial system in economic growth in the major economies of Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru) and members of the G7 (Germany, Canada, France, Italy developed countries, Japan, UK and USA) from the 1970s. The purpose of this analysis was to prove the existence of a non-monotonic relationship between the two main variables, while demonstrating what level the financial system cause negative impact in growth rate in each group of countries / Esta dissertação fez uma análise comparativa entre o impacto do sistema financeiro no crescimento econômico das maiores economias da América Latina (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, México e Peru) e dos países desenvolvidos e integrantes do G7 (Alemanha, Canadá, França, Itália, Japão, Reino Unido e EUA) a partir da década de 1970. A finalidade desta análise foi comprovar a existência de uma relação não-monotônica entre as variáveis crédito e PIB per capita, e ao mesmo tempo demonstrar a partir de que nível o sistema financeiro causa impactos negativos na taxa de crescimento em cada grupo de países
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Approche microéconomique de l'analyse de la performance des systèmes financiers dans les pays en développement : cas du Burkina Faso / Microeconomic approach of the analysis of financial systems performance in developing countries : case of Burkina FasoSombié, Issiaka 05 December 2013 (has links)
L’objectif de l’étude est de proposer, suivant une approche microéconomique, des outils d’analyse théorique et empirique permettant de savoir si le système financier d’un pays en développement tel que le Burkina Faso contribue à la création des richesses de la meilleure manière possible. Au terme des travaux, quelques enseignements se dégagent. D’abord, sur le plan théorique, à partir d’un premier modèle proposé, il ressort que, compte tenu de leur nombre dans les pays en développement, les PME sont un maillon essentiel du dispositif de création de richesse et qu’alors, ils constituent le meilleur canal par lequel le système financier peut avoir le plus grand impact sur la croissance économique. Ensuite, un second modèle théorique montre comment dans les pays en développement, caractérisés par un environnement légal et institutionnel de mauvaise qualité, la performance du système financier est compromise. Sur le plan empirique, les résultats révèlent qu’au Burkina Faso, le fonctionnement du système financier n’est pas performant en ce sens que les branches d’activités de petite taille et par transitivité les PME, étant le meilleur canal de transmission du développement financier sur la croissance économique au Burkina Faso, ne sont pas conséquemment financées par les banques. Par ailleurs, il apparaît que dans ce pays, les banques butent dans leur fonctionnement sur le problème de la prédominance du secteur informel dans lequel se retrouve une grande partie des entreprises. C’est pourquoi, malgré le fait que les PME contribuent fortement à la création de richesses intérieures, les banques ne parviennent pas à faire d’elles, des partenaires privilégiés en termes de financement. Ces enseignements appellent à des recommandations de politiques ou de réformes à faire pour encourager la mise en place de structures d’intermédiation informationelle telles que les Centres de Gestion Agréée, les agences de reporting, les agences spécialisées en matière de communication financière des entreprises. Cela permettra de rendre optimale l’interaction entre les PME et le système financier. / The purpose of this study is to propose, according to a microeconomic approach, some theoretical and empirical analysis tools which allow determining whether the financial system of a developing country (such as Burkina Faso) contributes to the creation of wealth the best way possible. So, we draw some lessons. First of all, on the theoretical level, from a first proposed model it emerges that, considering their number in developing countries, small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are essential for creating wealth and then, they represent the best way through which the financial system can get the highest impact on economic growth. Secondly, a second theoretical model shows how in developing countries, characterized by a legal and institutional environment of bad quality, the financial system performance is compromised. On the empirical level, the results reveal that in Burkina Faso, the functioning of financial system is not optimum because the small industries and by transitivity the SME, being the best way of transmission of financial development on economic growth in the so called country , are not enough funded by banks. Elsewhere, it appears that in this country, banks in their functioning come up against the problem of the predominance of informal sector in which we find almost enterprises. That’s why, despite the fact that SME highly contribute to the creation of national wealth, banks don’t succeed on doing of them, privileged partners in terms of financing. These lessons appeal to some political recommendations or reforms to be doing in order to make optimum the interaction between SME and financial system.
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Développement et structure des systèmes financiers : analyse du rôle de la démocratie et de la transition démocratique / Development and financial systems structure : Studying the role of democracy and democratic transitionGhardallou, Wafa 10 April 2015 (has links)
La présente thèse analyse la relation entre le régime politique et le système financier. Plus précisément, les investigations empiriques menées dans le cadre de cette thèse visent à étudier le rôle de la démocratie dans le développement et la structure des systèmes financiers. Pour cela, nous procédons en trois étapes. Dans un premier temps, nous examinons l’impact de l’événement de la transition démocratique sur le développement du secteur financier des pays qui sont passés vers un régime démocratique. Ainsi, après avoir défini ce qu’on entend par un système financier développé et mis en évidence les facteurs qui déterminent son évolution, nous montrons que la transition vers un régime démocratique accroît la taille du système financier à moyen et long terme. En revanche, cette dernière n’aura pas d’effet à court terme (chapitre 1). Puis, dans un second temps, nous nous intéressons aux facteurs qui conditionnent l’efficacité de ce régime politique. En effet, étant donné que les échanges d’arguments théoriques témoignent d’un manque de consensus autour de la relation entre la démocratie et le développement, il nous semble que cette question peut s’appréhender autrement à travers la prise en compte du rôle du cadre institutionnel dans l’analyse de cette relation (chapitre 2). Ainsi, nous montrons que la démocratie contribuerait au développement du secteur financier en présence de bonnes institutions, tandis qu’elle briderait son évolution lorsque la qualité des institutions se trouve en deçà d’un certain seuil. Enfin, nous tentons d’élargir la littérature existante en abordant la question du rôle de la démocratie dans l’explication de l’architecture des systèmes financiers (chapitre 3). Après avoir passé en revue les principaux facteurs qui influencent la forme du système financier, nous montrons que le régime politique constitue un facteur déterminant de la structure financière des économies émergentes. Plus précisément, nous trouvons que plus de démocratie réduit la part des financements intermédiés et élargit la place des marchés boursiers. / This thesis analyzes the relationship between the political regime and the financial system. Specifically, the empirical research conducted throughout this thesis aims to study the role of democracy in the development and structure of financial systems. To this end, we proceed in three steps. First, we examine the impact of the event of the democratic transition in the financial development of the countries that have moved towards democracy. Thus, having defined what is meant by a developed financial system and highlighted the factors that determine its evolution, we show that the transition to a democratic regime increases the size of the financial system in the medium and long term. However, it will have no short-term effect (chapter 1). In a second step, we focus on the factors that influence the effectiveness of this political regime. Indeed, since the exchange of theoretical arguments reflect a lack of consensus on the relationship between democracy and development, it seems important to otherwise understand this issue through the consideration of the role of the institutional environment in the analysis of this relationship (chapter 2). Thus, we show that democracy contributes to the development of the financial sector in the presence of good institutions while it hinders its development where institutional quality is below a certain threshold. Finally, we try to extend the existing literature by questioning the role of democracy in the explanation of the financial system architecture (chapter 3). Having reviewed the main factors influencing the shape of the financial system, we show that the political system is a determining factor in the financial structure of emerging economies. More precisely, we find that further democracy reduces the share of intermediated financing and expands the role of stock markets.
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Développement financier et crises bancaires : une analyse de l’effet exercé par la taille et l’activité des intermédiaires financiers sur l’origine et les conséquences des crises bancaires / Financial development and banking crises : an analysis of the effect of financial intermediaries’ size and activity on the causes and consequences of banking crisesMathonnat, Clément 27 September 2017 (has links)
Depuis le début des années 1980, on observe une augmentation importante du nombre de crises bancaires, combinée en parallèle à un essor important des systèmes financiers. La crise des subprimes de 2007-2008, par sa durée et son intensité récessive sans précédent depuis la Grande Dépression des années 1930, a relancé le débat sur le rôle joué par le développement financier dans l’accroissement de l’instabilité financière et l’amplification des chocs économiques. Or, bien qu’un grand nombre d’études soulignent que le fonctionnement du secteur bancaire constitue un facteur essentiel pour comprendre les dynamiques associées à la survenue ainsi qu’aux conséquences des crises bancaires, aucune analyse économétrique n’a jusqu’à présent évalué précisément l’effet qu’exerce le développement financier, considéré sous l’angle de la taille et de l’activité des intermédiaires financiers, sur l’origine et l’amplification des conséquences des crises bancaires. Il s’agit précisément de l’objectif de cette thèse. Pour cela, nous proposons dans le chapitre I de replacer notre étude dans une perspective de long terme au travers d’une histoire des crises financières du XVIIe siècle jusqu’à nos jours. Puis, sur la base d’un échantillon couvrant les principales crises bancaires qui se sont produites dans les pays développés et en développement durant les quarante dernières années, cette thèse analyse l’effet qu’exerce le développement financier sur les crises bancaires selon quatre dimensions. Nous nous intéressons au rôle que joue le développement financier sur la probabilité d’occurrence (chapitre II), l’amplification de la durée et du coût pour l’économie réelle (chapitre III), ainsi que l’impact redistributif (chapitre IV) des crises bancaires. Les résultats de ces trois chapitres vont dans le même sens et mettent en évidence que des systèmes financiers plus développés sont associés à des crises bancaires caractérisées par une probabilité d’occurrence, une durée, une contraction de la production et une hausse des inégalités de revenus significativement plus importantes. Notre travail apporte donc un éclairage précis et univoque quant au rôle joué par le développement financier tant au niveau des causes que des conséquences des crises bancaires. Dans un environnement international encore marqué par l’impact récessif de la crise des subprimes, la conclusion générale de la thèse soutient l’idée selon laquelle la promotion de la stabilité financière, ainsi que de la capacité de résilience des économies aux chocs passent par la mise en œuvre de la part des gouvernements de mesures visant à limiter de façon plus contraignante la taille et l’activité du secteur bancaire. / Since the beginning of the eighties, there is a significant increase in the number of banking crises at a worldwide level, in parallel with a surge in financial system development. The subprimes crisis, because of its recessive length and intensity without equivalent since the Great Depression of the thirties, has re-launched the debate on the role played by financial development in the amplification of both financial instability and economic shocks. Despite a large number of studies stressing that banking sector is a key factor to understand the outbreak and consequences of banking crises, no econometric analysis as so far assessed precisely the effect of financial development, viewed from the standpoint of both size and activity of financial intermediaries, on the occurrence and consequences of banking crises. It is precisely the goal of this thesis. In chapter I, we put our analysis into a long term perspective by proposing a history of financial crises from the 17th century until now. Then, based on a sample covering the main banking crises that happened in developing and developed countries over the last forty years, the thesis analyzes the effects of financial development on banking crises through four dimensions. We investigate the role played by financial development in the occurrence (chapter II), the duration and the cost for the real economy (chapter III) and also the redistributive impact (chapter IV) of banking crises. The results of these three chapters converge and highlight that more developed financial systems are associated with banking crises that are more numerous, last longer, are more costly for the real economy and lead to a larger surge in economic inequalities. Our work thus brings an insightful analysis of the effect of financial development on the causes and consequences of banking crises. In an international environment still facing the recessive impact of the subprimes crisis, the general conclusion of the thesis supports the view that in order to promote financial stability and a greater ability for economies to deal with negative shocks, governments should implement public policies aiming at strictly limiting the size and activity of the banking sector.
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The impact of financial development and market conditions on investment-cash flow sensitivity: global evidence / O impacto do desenvolvimento financeiro e das condições de mercado sobre a relação fluxo de caixa investimento: evidência globalGhani, Alan Nader Ackel 29 April 2016 (has links)
In this study, we analyze the impact of financial development and market conditions on investment-cash flow sensitivity during the 2006-2014 for 76 countries. First, the results show a relationship between investment-cash flow sensitivity and an index of financial development and its components. Second, 68 countries are affected by the 2008-2009 financial crisis, but only 16 countries exhibit a higher investment-cash flow sensitivity during the crisis. Third, investment-cash flow sensitivity is lower in countries with a larger primary debt market, while the size of the primary equity market has no impact. Finally, analyzing investment-cash flow sensitivity over time, we find lower sensitivity during years associated with higher primary debt market activity. / Neste estudo, analisamos o impacto do desenvolvimento financeiro e das condições de mercado sobre a relação fluxo de caixa-investimento (\"investment-cash flow sensitivity\") para 76 países no período de 2006 a 2014. Primeiro, os resultados mostram que existe relação entre \"investment-cash flow sensitivity\" e o indicador de desenvolvimento financeiro e seus componentes. Segundo, 68 países são afetados pela crise financeira de 2008-2009, mas apenas 16 países apresentam um incremento da relação fluxo de caixa-investimento durante o período de crise. Terceiro, a relação fluxo de caixa-investimento decresce em países com maiores mercados de títulos de dívidas, enquanto o mercado acionário não apresenta efeito sobre o coeficiente. Por fim, ao analisar a relação fluxo de caixa-investimento no tempo, encontramos que o coeficiente decresce na presença de maior atividade de emissões de títulos de dívidas por parte das empresas.
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Impacto do desenvolvimento financeiro sobre o crescimento econômico: uma análise para os municípios goianos / The impact of financial development on economic growth: an analysis for the municipalities of GoiásOliveira, Jian de Paula 13 July 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-07-13 / This study aims to verify how the development of the financial system affects economic growth for
all Goiás State’s municipalities from 2000 to 2012. For this, we made a review of theoretical and
empirical arguments that were developed in the main studies on this relationship to later develop
an empirical model that is able to check the main assumptions that underlie this area of study. The
main motivation of this is the level of depth in terms of the discussion of this literature, then
expecting for a result that suggests the existence of a positive relationship between financial
intermediaries and economic growth. Finally, the results of this work indicate that the relationship
between the development of the financial system and economic growth is positive and significant,
just as it is presented in much of the empirical literature on the subject. / Este estudo tem o objetivo de verificar como o desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro afeta o
crescimento econômico para todos os municípios goianos no período de 2000 a 2012. Para isso,
faz-se uma revisão dos argumentos teóricos e empíricos que se desenvolveram nos principais
estudos a respeito relação, para posteriormente desenvolver um modelo empírico que seja capaz de
verificar as principais hipóteses que permeiam esta área de estudo. A principal motivação deste é o
aprofundamento da discussão do tema, trazendo a mesma para nível municipal dentro do contexto
econômico do Estado de Goiás, podendo então verificar se o comportamento desta relação é o mesmo apresentado na literatura empírica. Por fim, os resultados deste trabalho indicam que a
relação entre o desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro e o crescimento econômico é positiva e
significativa, corroborando, em grande parte, a literatura empírica a respeito do tema.
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