Syftet med studien är att mot bakgrund av ökade digitaliseringen i samhället, öka kunskapen om ett alternativt sätt att genomföra en undervisning vid högskole-/universitetsstudier med hjälp av Flipped Classroom. Studien är en totalstudie genomförd med forskningsstrategin explanatory sequential mixed method. Det innebär att studien i första hand använt kvantitativ metod för att komplettera med kvalitativ metod.  Av resultatet framgår att det förekommer både för- och nackdelar med Flipped Classroom, vilket påverkar studenternas inställning och upplevelse. Flipped Classroom ger studenterna flexibilitet. Det framgår att e-lärande ger flera individer möjligheten att studera vid högre utbildning. Oavsett kön, ålder eller tidigare erfarenhet påverkas upplevelsen till viss del.  Denna studie har genomförts på uppdrag av Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande (IBL) vid Linköpings universitet.  Studiens syfte och frågeställningar avgränsas därmed till det pedagogiska projektet Flipped Classroom som genomförs på tredjeårsstudenter i delkursen HRD: Learning, change and development in organizations vid personal- och arbetsvetenskapliga programmet.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:36:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9520_Dissertação - Vitor Jurtlero de Freitas (2)-versão final que foi para a biblioteca central.pdf: 5077183 bytes, checksum: 7e679664a025d1263ae11fa0a56791fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / CAPES / O método ensino da flipped classroom tem alcançado uma penetração cada vez maior nas mídias e salas de aula pelo mundo. Nos últimos 3 anos os jornais New York Times e Washington Post publicaram um total de 20 artigos relacionados ao tema. A Flipped Learning Network, comunidade online voltada para a divulgação, capacitação e integração de professores interessados na inversão da sala de aula possui mais de 20.000 membros e realizou em julho de 2015 sua oitava conferência anual de flipped, na Universidade Estadual de Michigan. A flipped classroom, ou sala de aula invertida, baseia-se na relocação do papel da palestra instrucional para fora do ambiente escolar, através da utilização de vídeo-aulas online, e na aplicação do dever de casa dentro da sala de aula por meio de atividades cooperativas e colaborativas baseadas na active learrning. O objetivo dessa inversão sala de aula x dever de casa é aproveitar o tempo que seria gasto em sala com a exposição do conteúdo para desenvolver a compreensão desse conteúdo através de atividades mediadas pelo professor. Esse trabalho relata a implementação da flipped classroom para o ensino de conceitos físicos em cinco turmas da primeira série do ensino médio de uma escola pública. Nele, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso com o objetivo de compreender as percepções dos alunos e do professor frente a esse método de ensino. Recorreu-se para a coleta de dados a instrumentos qualitativos, como entrevistas semiestruturadas e o inquérito por questões abertas e a instrumentos quantitativos como o inquérito por questões fechadas com escala do tipo Likert e a categorização das repostas presentes nas atividades desenvolvidas. O estudo permitiu concluir que: (i) o método de ensino da flipped classroom se provou eficaz para promover motivação ao ensino de física; (ii) as redes sociais demonstraram-se eficientes como um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem; (iii) as atividades baseadas na active learning criaram um ambiente de colaboração para a construção do conhecimento; (iv) os alunos envolvidos neste estudo apresentaram uma dependência considerável da figura do professor para o desenvolvimento das atividades propostas. (v) o método de ensino levou o professor a assumir um papel de mediador na construção do conhecimento. / The flipped classroom is based on the relocation of the role of instructional lecture out of the school environment, through the use of online video classes, and the implementation of the "homework" in the classroom through cooperative and collaborative activities based on active learrning. The goal of this inversion "classroom vs. homework" is to take advantage of the time that would be spent in the room with the exposure of the content to develop the understanding that content through activities mediated by professor. This teaching method has achieved increasing penetration in the media and classrooms around the world. In the last 3 years the newspapers New York Times and the Washington Post published a total of 20 articles related to these topic. The Flipped Learning Network, online community dedicated to the dissemination, training and integration of teachers interested in flipping the classroom has more than 20,000 members and held in July 2015 its eighth annual Conference of flipped, at Michigan State University. This research reports the implementation of the flipped classroom for the teaching of physical concepts related to force and motion in five classes of first grade high school to a public school. Here, has developed a case study with the aim to check the applicability of this method of teaching for the physical education in classes of first grade high school. Resorted to collecting data qualitative instruments, such as semi-structured interviews and the inquiry open questions, and quantitative instruments as the investigation closed issues with Likert type scale and categorization of answers in the activities undertaken. The study made it possible to conclude that: (i) the flipped classroom teaching method proved effective to promote motivation in the physics teaching; (ii) social networks have demonstrated efficient as a virtual learning environment; (iii) activities based on active learning created a collaborative environment for the construction of knowledge; (iv) students involved in this study showed a significant dependence of the figure of the teacher for the development of the proposed activities; (v) the teaching method led the professor to assume a role of mediator in the construction of knowledge.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction / David S. Allen / This study addresses how the flipped method of classroom instruction differs from traditional classroom instruction when comparing student achievement measures in middle and high school mathematics classrooms. The flipped classroom is defined by the Flipped Learning Network (2014) as an instructional method that moves direct instruction outside of the classroom in order to make room in the classroom for a more interactive learning environment where students can actively engage in the content. The flipped classroom strategy theoretically allows teachers the time to develop mathematical ideas and the ability to facilitate that development. For the Common Core State Standards initiative to be effective, teachers need to engage students in new learning experiences that support college and career readiness. By implementing a technology based instructional approach, like the flipped classroom strategy, teachers are able to blend twenty-first century skills with the development of the essential habits of mind of mathematically proficient students (Brunsell & Horejsi, 2013). This study seeks to understand how the flipped method of classroom instruction can lead to improved student achievement in mathematics courses and improve student perceptions about math in order to encourage course consumption in the future (Zollman, 2011). A modified explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used, and it involved collecting quantitative data and then explaining the quantitative results with in-depth qualitative data. In the quantitative phases of the study, NWEA Mathematics MAP Assessment data were collected from middle school students and course common final assessment scores were collected from middle school and high school students in a large Midwestern suburban school district to determine how student math achievement was impacted for students in a flipped classroom as compared to a traditionally instructed classroom. The frequency of active learning incidents was also collected during classroom observations. The qualitative phase was conducted as a follow up to the quantitative results to help explain the quantitative results. In this exploratory follow-up, student and teacher perceptions of mathematics achievement as a result of the flipped classroom approach to instruction with middle and high school math students and how those perceptions might be different than those of students and teachers in traditionally taught classrooms along with descriptions of observable active learning incidents in the school district were explored.

This study is part of a master's research carried out in the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede. It presents the results of the investigation on the theoretical-practical conceptual approximation between flipped classroom approach and knowledge and skills of teachers in the context of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), by means of production and provision of a multimedia courseware on the concept under study. In this teaching approach, the student has contact with the basic information about the study content before class. Thus, the school time is extended to develop practical activities oriented on understanding and problem solving, and to offer personalized guidance. The research proposal was focused on the presentation of the elements that characterize and define flipped classroom to later question the degree of familiarity, applications, and interest of UFSM‘s teachers in this model. The research was justified by the need to promote the dissemination of pedagogical strategies that allow integration between active methodologies and educational technologies in higher education in the era of digital learning. The general objective is to contribute with the innovation of the teaching-learning processes of the university‘s teachers. The study has qualitative, descriptive and exploratory nature and started from the identification of the state of art on the subject, which arose from the bibliographic review. The initial results of the theoretical review indicated that flipped classroom approach allows integration between technologies and active methodologies, providing students with more autonomy about learning, therefore increasing their engagement in class. The research results showed that the model was unknown to most participants, but many of them identified aspects of classroom flip in their teaching practices, albeit only partially. The courseware served the purpose of disseminating basic information about the approach, evidencing that there was an understanding of the presented concepts. As for the training demands, the teachers considered Peer Instruction and Just-in-Time Teaching as the most interesting methodologies to flip their classrooms. On the other hand, interactive digital whiteboard, video and audio editing software, and screencast are the technologies that the teachers showed motivation in learning. Finally, active learning methodologies and hybrid teaching are the themes that most aroused the participants‘ interest on teacher training. / Este estudo faz parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado realizada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Educacionais em Rede e apresenta os resultados da investigação da aproximação conceitual teórico-prática entre a abordagem da sala de aula invertida e os saberes e fazeres docentes, no contexto da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), mediante a produção e a disponibilização de material didático multimídia instrucional sobre a inversão da sala de aula. Nessa abordagem de ensino, também conhecida como Flipped Classroom, o aluno tem contato com a informação básica sobre o conteúdo de estudo antes da aula. Assim, amplia-se o tempo do espaço escolar para atividades práticas de compreensão e de resolução de problemas e para o atendimento personalizado do aluno. A proposta da pesquisa centrou-se na apresentação dos elementos que caracterizam e que definem a sala de aula invertida para, posteriormente, questionar o grau de familiaridade, de aplicações e de interesse dos docentes da UFSM por esse modelo. A pesquisa justificou-se pela necessidade de promover a divulgação de estratégias pedagógicas que possibilitam a integração de metodologias ativas e de tecnologias educacionais, no ensino superior, na era da aprendizagem digital, tendo por objetivo geral contribuir para a inovação dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem dos docentes da universidade. O estudo, que teve caráter qualitativo, partiu da revisão de literatura para identificar o estado da arte sobre a temática e propôs, como métodos, o estudo descritivo e exploratório. Os resultados iniciais da revisão teórica apontaram que essa abordagem possibilita integrar tecnologias com metodologias ativas, de modo a proporcionar maior autonomia dos alunos sobre a aprendizagem, aumentando o engajamento deles em classe. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que o modelo era desconhecido pela maioria dos participantes, mas muitos identificaram aspectos de inversão em suas práticas docentes, ainda que de forma parcial. O material didático instrucional atendeu ao propósito de divulgar informação básica sobre a abordagem, evidenciando que houve compreensão dos conceitos apresentados. Quanto às demandas por formação, as metodologias de maior interesse dos professores para inversão de suas salas de aula foram o Peer Instruction e o Just-in-Time Teaching. Já as tecnologias que os docentes indicaram querer aprender a usar foram: lousa digital interativa, softwares de edição de vídeo/áudio e screencast. Por fim, as temáticas que mais despertaram interesse por formação dos professores foram as metodologias ativas de aprendizagem e o ensino híbrido.

O ciberespaço e as innitas possibilidades que se apresentam para nós, professores de losoa no ensino médio, não são panaceias capazes de resolver de uma vez por todas os problemas de insucessos no processo de ensino e da aprendizagem mas, se articulados de modo a deslocar o foco do ensino para a aprendizagem, imputando ao estudante o papel de protagonista de sua narrativa de conhecimento, acreditamos que poderemos enm caminhar rumo a uma educação melhor. Partindo desta constatação e vivenciando na sala de aula nossos fracassos perante uma geração que se comunica o tempo todo, mas que não se comunica com nossos conteúdos, que escreve o tempo todo (por cliques e toques em telas e teclados), mas que não escreve sequer um parágrafo em sala sem reclamar, é que voltamos aos primórdios da losoa, lá onde o diálogo, o debate e a discussão criaram as condições para o surgimento da losoa e, a partir dessa perspectiva, iniciamos uma investigação em busca do desenvolvimento de uma Performance Comunicativa que fosse dinâmica, sistemática e efervescente aos moldes daquela que, na ágora grega, possibilitou o nascimento da polis em um diálogo isonômico, isegórico e parresiástico. Como nossa percepção também captava o uso diuturno de dispositivos transmidiáticos por parte de nossos estudantes, conjecturamos a possibilidade de fazer do ciberespaço uma nova ágora que pudesse servir de antessala para a Performance Comunicativa. Nessa imersão, encontramos teorias que consideravam igualmente tais possibilidades e, dentre estas, fomos particularmente atraídos pelas propostas do Ensino Híbrido, especialmente através do projeto da Sala de Aula Invertida e do resgate de uma tendência que em muito lembrava os embates gregos, a Gamicação. Foi assim que então nos propusemos a pesquisar estes temas e, quando da sua compreensão e apropriação, articulá-los com a denição de losoa que nos balizava. Por esta razão, a presente tese busca reetir sobre o modo de ensinar os estudantes das aulas de losoa do ensino médio do Paraná a desenvolver Performances Comunicativas que, por sua vez, poderiam levá-los à experiência concreta da losoa e do losofar. / The cyberspace and the endless possibilities available for high school philosophy teachers are not just panaceas that could once and for all the problems of failures in the teaching and learning process but, if articulated in order to shift the focus from teaching to learning by imputing to the student the role of protagonist of his own narrative of knowledge, we believe that we could nally move towards a better educational program. Starting from this consideration and also experiencing in the classroom our failures towards a generation that is characterized by being continuously in communication and nevertheless unable to communicate with the school content itself, by writing all the time (through clicks and touches on their devices screens and keyboards) but unwilling to write even a single paragraph as a class activity, is that we head back to the origins of philosophy, to which dialogue, debate and discussion used to create the conditions for the emergence of philosophy. From this perspective, we will conduct an investigation which aims to search for the development of a dynamic, systematic and effervescent Communicative Performance, just like the one that, in the ancient Greek ágora, made possible the birth of the polis within an isonic, isegoric and parresiastic dialogue. As we could also notice a constant use of transmediatical devices by our students, we started to think about the possibility of turning cyberspace into a new agora that could operate as an antechamber for Communicative Performance. In this immersion, we found some other theories that were also considering those possibilities, and among them we were particularly attracted to the Hybrid Teaching proposals, especially through the project of an inverted classroom and by its return to a trend that very much resembled the Greek discussions, the so-called Gamication. In such a manner, we set out to research these subjects and, at the moment we could have a proper understanding and appropriation of it, to articulate them with the denition of philosophy we are based on. For this reason, the present thesis aims to reect on how should we teach the philosophy students of Paranas high school to develop Communicative Performances that could, in its turn, lead them to experience concrete philosophy and philosophizing.

I den här studien undersöktes användandet av webbkonferenssystem i nätbaserad undervisning på universitet. Det gjordes med hjälp av en litteraturstudie, en enkätundersökning med studenter, två intervjuer med lärare och några tester av programvara relaterat till webbkonferenssystem. Studien visade att det är många aspekter att ta hänsyn till för att tekniken ska kunna gynna bättre studieresultat. Det handlar dels om att skapa en god social miljö där deltagarna trivs och känner gemenskap. Det handlar även om att tekniska hinder ska överkommas för att det ska gå att kommunicera på ett enkelt sätt på distans. I studien gjordes testinstallationer av två webbkonferenssystem. Ett enklare test av ljudfördröjning gjordes på två datorer samt ett test för att se ifall ljud eller bild prioriterades högre av webbkonferenssystemen. / This study examined the use of web conferencing systems for education purposes in universities. It was done through a literature study, a survey with students, two interviews with university teachers and a few software tests related to web conferencing systems. Before the technology can be used to improve study results there are many aspects  to be considered. It's important to provide a good social environment for the students. It's also important to find technological solutions to enable communication in a way that is suitable for distance learning. Two web conferencing systems were tested in this study. One simple test was made to measure the sound delay on the two systems and another test was made to see if sound or video was prioritized differently.

Orientador: João Roberto Gomes de Faria / Resumo: Apesar de grandes avanços da pesquisa científica quanto à inclusão dos conceitos e procedimentos referentes ao conforto ambiental no contexto do processo projetual, é ainda perceptível sua dificuldade de apropriação nas práticas de disciplinas projetuais de cursos de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, tanto por parte dos alunos, quanto por parte dos professores de projeto. Essa dificuldade se dá, principalmente, pela defasagem de aprendizagem nas disciplinas de Conforto Ambiental no que se refere ao desenvolvimento de habilidades práticas nos alunos, para que sejam capazes de utilizar, de forma autônoma, o conhecimento adquirido na resolução de problemas arquitetônicos diversos. Com base nessa problemática, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a aplicabilidade da Sala de Aula Invertida como metodologia de ensino da arquitetura bioclimática no contexto do processo projetual, em cursos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. A pesquisa, de caráter exploratório e correlacional, consistiu no desenvolvimento, aplicação e avaliação de uma estratégia de ensino, baseada na metodologia acima mencionada, para uma turma do 6º semestre de um curso de graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, na disciplina “Conforto Ambiental”, transformando a sala de aula em um ateliê de projeto. A avaliação dos alunos foi feita por meio de prova individual e dos projetos elaborados em grupo durante as atividades propostas em sala de aula. Como variáveis dependentes, os resultados de aprendizagem foram identifi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Despite the great advancements of scientific research on the inclusion of concepts and procedures related to environmental comfort in the context of the design process, it’s still noticeable its difficulty of appropriation in the practices of design disciplines in Architecture and Urbanism courses, both by students, as by teachers. This difficulty is mainly due to the lack on learning process in the Environmental Comfort disciplines regarding the development of practical skills in the students, so that they are able to use, autonomously, the knowledge acquired in solving several architectural problems. Based on this problem, this research aimed to investigate the Flipped Classroom’s applicability as a teaching method of bioclimatic architecture in the context of the design process, in Architecture and Urbanism courses. The exploratory and correlational research consisted of the development, application and evaluation of a teaching strategy, based on the above-mentioned methodology, for a 6th semester class of an Architecture and Urbanism course, in the discipline “Environmental Comfort”, turning the classroom into a design studio. The evaluation of the students was done through an individual test and through the evaluation of groups’ projects, elaborated during the activities proposed in the classroom. As dependent variables, learning outcomes were identified by quantitative evaluation (grades) and qualitative evaluation (cognitive levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy). As independent ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Denna intervjustudie behandlar användningen av läxor i det flippade matematikklassrummet, så kallade flippade läxor. Flippat klassrum är en pedagogisk arbetsmetod som karaktäriseras av att traditionella föreläsningar flyttas ut ur klassrummet. Istället förbereder sig eleverna inför lektionen genom att till exempel se en videogenomgång online, för att sedan bearbeta genomgångens innehåll under lektionstid. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka en av metodens mer centrala komponenter, läxan, i en svensk kontext.  Studien innefattar intervjuer med fyra matematiklärare från olika delar av Sverige, tre av dessa arbetar på  gymnasieskolor och en arbetar på högstadieskola, Intervjuare behandlar hur de arbetar med läxor i det flippade matematikklassrummet. Resultatet visar att svenska lärares erfarenheter tycks stämma relativt väl överens med internationell forskning. Bland annat i den flippade läxans möjligheter att öka materialets tillgänglighet, men även i att det finns svårigheter i att vissa elever inte gör läxan. / This interview study addresses the use of homework in the flipped mathematics classroom, so-called flipped homework. Flipped classroom is an educational method that is characterized by the removal of some traditional teaching from the classroom. Instead, students prepare for lessons by, for example, watching a video lecture online. Then the in-class time is spent  processing the lectures contents. The purpose of this study is to investigate one of the more central components of this method, the homework, in a Swedish context. In the study four mathematics teachers from different parts of Sweden were interviewed about their experiences working with the method. The results show that the Swedish teachers experiences of the method seem to correspond relatively well with international research. Among other things they talked about the possibility for the  flipped homework to increase the availability of the material, and the difficulties emerging from the fact that some students don’t complete their homework.

Detta examensarbete handlar om flipped classroom i undervisningen. Syftet med arbetet är att öka förståelsen för vad flipped classroom kan innebära för lärare och hur det påverkar undervisningen genom att undersöka hur och varför lärare använder sig av flipped classroom, vad för material som används och hur det tillgängliggörs för eleverna samt hur elever uppfattar arbetssättet. Intervjuer har genomförs med gymnasielärare som tillämpar flipped classroom i matematikundervisningen och deras elever har fått besvara en enkät. Tanken är att undersöka lärarnas och elevernas uppfattningar för att försöka förstå hur flipped classroom påverkar undervisningen, fördelar och nackdelar som följer med flipped classroom samt även vilken betydelse flipped classroom har för elevernas lärande.   Resultatet visade att lärare tillämpar flipped classroom på olika sätt. Det finns flera olika uppfattningar kring vad flipped classroom innebär. En anledning alla lärare nämnde till varför de tillämpar flipped classroom är för att få mer lektionstid som de kan använda till annat än genomgångar. Då kan eleverna arbeta mer i grupp och diskutera eller så hinner de räkna mer i boken. Att frigöra mer lektionstid ger eleverna mer lika möjlighet till att få hjälp samt att undervisningen kan varieras i större utsträckning. En annan anledning är att flipped classroom ger möjlighet till mer individualiserad undervisning eftersom eleverna kan arbeta i sin egen takt. Videogenomgångar är något som lärarna har gemensamt men hur lektionstiden sedan används skiljer sig. Eleverna är både positivt och negativt inställda till flipped classroom vilket kan bero på flera saker, till exempel på hur de är vana att arbeta och deras lärstilar. Det går inte att säga att eleverna lär sig mer eller mindre då flipped classroom tillämpas eftersom lärarna kan tillämpa flipped classroom på så många olika sätt. Däremot får eleverna tillämpa och utveckla sin digitala kompetens samt lära sig att bli mer medvetna om sin inlärning då flipped classroom tillämpas eftersom de får organisera sitt eget lärande på ett annat sätt och ta mer eget ansvar än med traditionell undervisning. / This thesis concerns the educational concept known as flipped classroom. The purpose of the study is to improve understanding of what flipped classroom is and to answer questions about how and why teachers use flipped classroom. This includes what materials are used and how these are made available to the students, as well as how students perceive working with flipped classroom. The survey consists of interviews with teachers that have implemented flipped classroom in their mathematics courses, as well as questionnaires to the students in these same courses. The reasoning behind this was to understand how flipped classroom affects teaching, pros and cons that come with flipped classroom and also the impact flipped classroom has on students' learning.   The results of the survey showed that teachers apply flipped classroom in different ways. There are conflicting perceptions of flipped classroom and its practical application. The main reasoning behind why teachers apply flipped classroom is to liberate more time in class from traditional lecturing. Flipped classroom also allows for a greater degree of individualized instruction, giving students more equal opportunity to get help and allowing for teaching to be varied to a greater extent. Teachers commonly used pre-recorded video lectures in order to prepare students but differed in how their time in class was spent. All students have both positive and negative attitudes towards flipped classroom depending on several variables such as, how they have originally studied in class and their own personal learning styles. It is not possible to say that students learn more or less when flipped classroom is applied since teachers can apply flipped classroom in different ways. On the other hand, student have to learn to become more aware of their learning when flipped classroom is applied because they may organize their own learning in a different way and take more responsibility than with traditional teaching.

The flipped classroom as an educational model is perfectly aligned with the current demands of higher education. Therefore, the objectives of this article were to carry out a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production of the flipped classroom in higher education (2012-2020) and to propose a framework for its implementation in face-to-face, blended or online learning modalities. The records were recovered from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus, from which, after a five-phase methodological process, a consolidated dataset of 782 documents was obtained. The results showed the importance of the subject matter as scientific production reflected a continuous growth during the period of study. For their part, the most productive authors come from various institutions worldwide with an H index of over 50. The collaboration indicators show the growth trend of these indexes over the years, which reflects the capacity to generate national and international impact in the documents published in collaboration. The keywords co-occurrence analysis showed that the flipped classroom as a technological and innovative approach is complemented by active learning, blended learning, e-learning, ICT, teaching method, among others. Finally, a framework with five components was proposed as a basic guide for the implementation of the flipped classroom in higher education. / Revisón por pares