COVID-19 has taken a major toll on the tourism industry. Traveler confidence has decreased as travel restrictions and fears regarding the virus have increased. As tourist destinations rely more on local tourism to survive the current crisis, communicating COVID-19 procedures is vital to mitigate tourist ́s safety concerns. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use content analysis to identify COVID-19 policy initiatives highlighted within tourism company websites and to compare regions to identify differences in website communication content. The study analyzed 100 various tourism company websites throughout Sweden. The findings and the supporting literature indicating that the websites should have information available about booking policy, operation limitations, social distance policy, and customer/staff responsibility to properly communicate their COVID-19 policies. Overall, the tourism company websites in this study were lacking in the communication of COVID-19 policies. To ameliorate communication of COVID-19 procedures, this study offers recommendations for tourism firms to incorporate.

Syftet med denna studie var att analysera hur dödsskjutningar konstrueras som ett socialt problem i nyhetsmedier samt undersöka hur socialt arbete relateras till fenomenet i nyhetsartiklar. För att uppnå syftet har nyhetsartiklar publicerade år 2023 av fyra olika medieredaktörer använts som empiriskt material. Nyhetsartiklarna har studerats genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, med utgångspunkt i ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv på hur sociala problem skapas och med en framingteoretisk infallsvinkel. Resultatet av studien visar att nyhetsrapporteringen präglas av två teman, känsloramen och ansvarsramen. Inom känsloramen ryms studiens resultat som påvisar att nyhetsrapporteringen präglas av känslor. Både i den bemärkelse att människors känslor kring en dödsskjutning presenteras, liksom att scenarion och offer gestaltas på ett sätt som kan framkalla känslor hos mottagarna, och därmed bidra till en konstruktion av dödsskjutningar som ett skrämmande och hotfullt socialt problem. Ansvarsramen belyser hur socialt arbete inte direkt pekas ut som ansvarigt till problematiken, utan där socialtjänsten snarare rapporteras om i relation till enskilda fall där dem brustit i sitt ansvar. Slutligen är polis och skola aktörer som relateras till ansvarsfrågan rörande gängkriminaliteten och det dödliga skjutvapenvåldet, där samverkan lyfts som en nyckel i bekämpandet av brottsligheten. I sin helhet belyser studien ett samspel mellan nyhetsmedier och konstruktionen av ett idag aktuellt socialt problem. Som akademisk disciplin ämnar socialt arbete att studera sociala problem och hur de påverkar individer och samhället. Hur det sociala problemet konstrueras påverkar följaktligen vilka åtgärder som adresseras.

The disproportionate burden of covid-19 pandemic on racialized groups in developed countries has made socio-political and socio-economic inequalities even more apparent. This thesis utilizes critical race thoery (CRT), framing theory and the ”What’s the ’problem’ represented to be?”-approach to conduct a critical analysis of how the representation of the underlying causes of racial disparities in covid-19 mortality framed by the Swedish Public Health Agency. The published report on migrants and covid-19 ”Migrants and COVID-19 – Confirmed cases, ICU-cases and mortality from 13 March 2020 to 15 February 2021 among foreign-born in Sweden” is analyzed through qualitative content analysis. In the report, the Swedish Public Health Agency analyzes underlying causes to differences of covid-19 outcome based on country of birth, which suggests that the population born in other countries is affected by the covid-19 more than the population born in Sweden. The content analysis of the official document on foreign-borns and covid-19 mortality, released by the Swedish Public Health agency, suggests that the agency has represented the underlying causes of racial disparities in covid-19 mortality in Sweden with a socio-economic inequality frame, and from a CRT perspective, the representation is guided by colorblind ideology that does not problematize the role of racism in the society. The knowledge produced in this thesis aims to contribute to the field of CRT studies in Sweden with empirical knowledge about problematization of the covid-19 pandemic outcomes in Sweden

In an era where civil disobedience is more commonly used as a tactic for climate movements and media coverage is key for the success of the movement, this study explores the interplay between news media portrayal and activists strategies in the context of environmental activism, focusing on civil disobedience actions targeting famous artworks. By analyzing articles from prominent international newspapers and interviewing activists, this study delves into how news media frame these particular actions, and how activists themselves navigate challenges posed by news media portrayal. Drawing on research on the protest paradigm, the public nuisance paradigm and the activist dilemma, this study reveals that while media coverage often employs negative language to depict their actions and tactics, activists strategically utilize civil disobedience to amplify their message regardless of the risk of backlash. Despite initial challenges, activists remain committed to fostering dialogue and raising awareness of climate change by targeting iconic images, with the belief that people will hate them and their actions, but start talking about the climate.

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology, reshaping industries and prompting significant shifts in how businesses operate. The widespread adoption of AI technologies is influenced by various factors, including technological readiness, organizational culture, and external perceptions. Media plays an important role in shaping these perceptions by framing AI in specific ways. Understanding how AI is framed in media and comparing these frames with the perspectives of IT professionals can provide valuable insights into the alignment or discrepancies between public discourse and professional practice. The purpose of this study was to unveil the frames held by Swedish news media, and which of these frames best reflected IT-Professional’s perception of AI. Additionally, we aim to explore the complex interplay of media frames and how such frames potentially shape individual held technological frames of reference surrounding AI adoption. The goal of the study was to contribute to existing research by expanding upon TFR and bridging the existing gap between framing theory, media frames, and AI adoption. We employed a qualitative study with an exploratory, multi-method approach. By drawing inspiration from Framing Theory, we conducted an analysis of Swedish newspaper articles, as well as semi-structured interviews with Swedish IT-Professionals. Our data sample included 946 newspaper articles and 5 interview participants. Through this method, we provided a broader context for the interview findings, which allowed for in-depth insights into how media frames reflect the frames held by IT-Professionals within their professional environments. Based on our findings, we uncovered nine dominant frames depicted in the Swedish news media; Disruptive Technology, Human-Machine Collaboration, Accelerate AI Adoption, Operational Optimization, Ethical Concerns, Regulation & Transparency, Strategize Before AI Adoption, Challenges of AI Adoption, and Dystopian Technology. Additionally, we identified five of these frames to best reflect the perception IT-Professionals had towards AI; Human-Machine Collaboration, Accelerate AI Adoption, Operational Optimization, Regulation & Transparency, and Challenges of AI Adoption.

This study examines how organizations and companies with transparent sustainability profiles aim to establish a relationship between brand, sustainability, and audience based on a theoretical framing perspective. To examine this; the study will limit itself by focusing on the Swedish company Oatly, and their external communications through digital channels and platforms.  According to Van Gorp and Van du Goot (2011: 374), frames serve as a way of explaining complex issues. Through framing a problem area, cause and other conclusions are highlighted. Frames thus function rhetorically – by convincing public opinion and control an audience through the media. Framing occurs in several contexts such as political, via news and advertising (Fairhoust & Sarr 1996).                                                        The study limits it’s analysis to the company Oatly’s official profile on the digital platform Mynewsdesk. The empirical material consists of press releases published within a defined time frame; 5/6/2015–6/3/2017. The study is based on motivated theoretical assumptions; discourse, critical and posthumanist theory, as well as previously established research on the field - framing in relation to sustainability.                                        The research method can be described as a qualitative content analysis based on main elements derived from discourse and semiotic framework. In addition, a framing analysis is applied to further present the result in the form of exemplified frames.                The results of the study suggest, for example, that actors construct importance through framing – which integrates into sustainability discourse through social practices – thereby establishing a relationship between brand, problem area, and audience through a convinced public opinion that further interacts with and reproduces the discourse in question.

Research has shown that news media reporting on foreign affairs tend to rely heavily on official sources (e.g. Schwalbe, 2013; Entman, 2004; Lawrence, 2009). This thesis analyse whether this is the case in Swedish news media reporting on the armed conflict in Mali, where Sweden has troops sanctioned by the UN. A more broader perspective is also analysed: How does the news media portray the armed conflict, and are there any differences between national daily newspapers (considered more “sober”) and national evening newspapers (considered more sensational)? An inductive framing analysis is used to identify frames not available in previous research. These frames, together with frames identified in other studies, are then used in a quantitative content analysis to measure to what extent the frames occur in the texts. Among the most important findings were that Swedish news media did in fact rely on Swedish official reporting to a large extent. The two evening newspapers, Aftonbladet and Expressen, used Swedish official sources in approximately 60% of their articles. The daily newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet, used Swedish official sources in about 35% of their articles. The main source used was also analyzed: This showed that Swedish official sources were the most common, in between 23% to 62% of the articles. The second most used source differed, but were in the range 9% to 18%. Other important results of the main themes of the articles showed that direct actions of war and other types of violence were the most commonly used. Peace efforts/negotiations and life of Mali civilians were the least common. The thesis also concludes that while there are variables where the evening newspapers and the daily newspapers can be grouped in those categories, that is often not the case.

The aim of this paper is to deepen the understanding of the school debate in Sweden by focusing on one of the key topics of the debate, namely the allegedly threatened equality and equity of the education system. This debate circles around two aspects: (1) The quality of the education is to be the same at all schools, independent of geographical location or provider. (2) A fair grading process of the pupil’s achievements that follows the rule of law.The source material for the study consists of the web-based magazine Skolvärlden which is run by the teacher union Lärarnas Riksförbund. The magazine was chosen as the teacher union has developed a political program to tackle the equality and equity problems in the Swedish school. The research questions for the empirical examination are the following: (1) How is the debate about equality and equity in education described and constructed during 2018 in Skolvärlden? (2) What needs are to be fulfilled and what solutions are proposed by Skolvärlden to ensure an increase of the equity and equality in the Swedish school?The questions are inspired by framing theory which is used as a theoretical framework to explain the correlation between the answers to each question. To achieve this, the study uses a content analysis combined with a narrative analysis. Based on the analysis, the study answers a third question: (3) In which manners can the debate about equity and equality in Skolvärlden be an expression of ideas about justice, the governing of the school system and the school’s role in society? To reveal ideas about justice, John Rawls’ A theory of justice is applied to the public debate about equity and equality in education and the Swedish curriculum to create a theoretical framework.The study shows that the debate is constructed and described in a way that the political program proposed by Lärarnas Riksförbund appears as a perfect solution. The shaped narrative consists of decisionmakers who remain passive while teachers decry conditions for teaching and demand better terms to provide every pupil with quality education. While arguments about the situation for teachers appear, the emphasis lays on the consequences for the pupils. It is them, the articles claim, who are affected by the dreadful working conditions and lousy leadership. The proposed solution is a reformed school system which is governed and financed by the state instead of the current decentralized model.

This framing analysis focuses on the portrayal of women leaders in popular business magazines. Framing theory was used to examine how women leaders were portrayed in Forbes, Fortune, Entrepreneur, and Bloomberg Businessweek magazines from 2010-2018. The study identified three key frames, which include the minority frame, asset and fixer frame, and the work-life balance frame. Further findings from the study suggested that the portrayals of women have changed following the women's movement in the 1970's and that women are indeed beneficial to organizations in senior-level positions, although there is still a low percentage of women in these roles.

本研究以台灣泛靈化電視新聞為題，探究超自然、非視覺的泛靈化新聞，如何藉由重視影像、感官、並呈現自然界事件的電視新聞媒介再現。 本研究結合人類宗教學之泛靈化理論，並以此為主軸，將人類的宗教儀式行動，應用於媒體行為之中。更進一步，觀察各類超自然新聞，包括算命、靈異等新聞題材，如何在電視媒體中，體現巫術式─情緒化、戲劇性的操控。 研究方法採用內容分析法，統計分析泛靈化新聞之呈現框架，因此對台灣泛靈新聞，做了一次初探性統整。並藉由文本分析，進而對泛靈化電視新聞，做深入的文化解剖。 研究發現：(一)泛靈化新聞透過幻想儀式建構一種慾望與迷思，以天意的塑造、關聯化幻想、宣洩情緒的方式，滿足偷窺的慾望。(二)泛靈化新聞的超真幻想，打破新聞本質。(三)縱欲式幻想，滿足低層次的需求。