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Hur känslor berör : En jämförande multimodal kritisk diskursanalys av kampanjerna Det är inte för sent och Jag lovar, det är inte värt det. / How emotions resonate : A comparative multimodal critical discourse analysis of the campaigns Det är inte för sent and Jag lovar, det är inte värt det.Elenius, Ebba, Råbom, Isabelle January 2024 (has links)
How emotions resonate: A comparative multimodal critical discourse analysis of the campaigns Det är inte för sent and Jag lovar, det är inte värt det. This study aims to identify communication strategies in campaigns against children in gang violence, which is relevant as the challenge shows an increasing tendency in Sweden. This is done by using a multimodal critical discourse analysis on the Det är inte för sent campaign from 2023 by the Swedish non-profit association Bris and Jag lovar, det är inte värt det from 2023 by the Swedish Police. The empirical data has been analyzed through a theoretical framework and chosen analytical tools such as modality, connotation and interaction.Based on the multimodal critical discourse analysis, it has been possible to identify different communication strategies in the campaigns. The result from the analysis shows that there are both similarities and differences between the campaigns. Both campaigns feature accounts from people who have experienced the consequences of gang violence, evoking emotions such as sadness and empathy in the viewer. The main difference between the campaigns is based on its framing. In Det är inte för sent, the message is framed around the idea that young people are affected by gang crime and are not considered perpetrators, while Jag lovar, det är inte värt det.
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Striving for security: State responses to violence under the FMLN government in El Salvador 2009-2014Hoppert-Flämig, Susan January 2016 (has links)
This research focuses on the provision of intrastate security and on the question how states in the global South do or do not provide security for their citizens and do or do not protect them from physical violence. This thesis argues that while institutional conditions are an important aspect of security provision in the global South, more attention needs to be paid to policy processes. Institution building as set out in the literature about Security Sector Reform and statebuilding assumes that it is possible to provide security to all citizens of a state by building democratic state security institutions. However, this is only possible if the state is the predominant force of controlling violence. Research showed that this is rarely the case in countries of the global South. This thesis contends that statehood in the global South is contested due to power struggles between multiple state and non-state elites. It argues that the analysis of security policy processes allows for an analysis of security provision in societies where no centralised control over violence exists. It contributes to a better understanding of the shortcomings of security provision in the global South because it shows the impact of societal and state actors on security policy making. Using the case of security policy making under the first FMLN (Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional, Farabundo Martí Front for National Liberation) government in El Salvador (2009-2014), the thesis shows that, in a contested state policy making does not result from a pact between the state and society or from a social consensus as envisaged by parts of the FMLN and other forces of the New Left in Latin America. Instead, policy making results from elite pacts and elite struggles. This is illustrated in the domination of an ad hoc decision-making mode which describes short-term decisions which are insufficiently implemented and easily reversed or replaced. Thus, security provision as a policy field remains focused on elite interests and does not include the interests of the broader population.
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Folkhemsnostalgi och gängvåldsdystopi : Ett genus- och kritiskt vithetsperspektiv på SVT:s framställning av gängvåldet som en nationell krisWall Scherer, Josefine January 2022 (has links)
In 2021, Sweden was ranked as the European country with the highest number of fatal shootings per million inhabitants. As a result, gang violence is described as a national crisis and has turned in to one of the main debate themes among political parties ahead of the parliamentary election in 2022. In the debates on gang violence, it is often linked to migration politics. Swedish Television (SVT) has broadcasted numerous programs on gang violence, and these programs are the main material used in this study. Drawing on feminist- and critical whiteness theory I examine how ideas of gender, whiteness and Swedishness interplay in the construction of gang violence as a national crisis. By using a retrotopic, a security politic and an affective theoretical perspective it is possible to analyze who is portrayed as vulnerable or problematic in relation to the gang violence. A further ambition of this study is to investigate the connection between folkhem nostalgia and the construction of gang violence as a national crisis. I argue that the Swedish exceptionalism is being used to establish collective feelings of folkhem nostalgia, which contributes to the understanding of gang violence as a national crisis. Based on a thematic analysis (Braun & Clark 2006) I show how feelings of folkhem nostalgia are used to establish narratives of a threatening and problematic Other; a male non-white threat within the nation. Further, the debates and documentaries broadcasted on SVT can be seen as part of political and national interests, where a (hi)story of folkhemmetas a part of the Swedish exceptionalism is being used to establish certain feelings and perceptions related to gender and race. This enables a placement of gang violence in another place, in another culture and in another body.
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Is peacebuilding a phase? – Analyzing the peacebuilding in El Salvador 30 years after the civil warOlsson, Gabriella January 2022 (has links)
Even if the messiness of peacebuilding has been recognized for some time, peacebuilding has still been viewed as quite linear, meaning there’s a transition from war to peace and that peacebuilding is a phase. Recently, other voices have been raised claiming we need a paradigm shift and to stop seeing peacebuilding as linear and instead see it as a never-ending constantly adapting practice. The question then arises, if it is possible to distinguish that peacebuilding connected to a specific conflict ends at some point and if society adapts to conduct peacebuilding for new tensions within society. That is what this thesis aims to find out, and it does so by mapping the activities of the civil society in a post-conflict country, as civil society constitutes an excellent indicator of what kind of peacebuilding is being done. The case studied is El Salvador, which ended a 12-year-long civil war with a peace agreement in 1992. The activities are mapped with the help of a framework for analyzing civil society peacebuilding. The study concludes that much of the peacebuilding activities connected to the civil war seem to have ended, except for when it comes to the rights of people who became disabled by the civil war, as well as trauma treatment activities addressing trauma from the civil war. Civil society also shows certain adaptation to the gang violence, by addressing it with trauma treatment activities and activities aiming at building a culture of peace.
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Exploring meanings of teacher's experiences in an urban community where low income levels prevailMegaw, Julie 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The contexts of the experiences of teachers in South Africa, particularly in
communities with low income levels, seem to invite meanings of hopelessness.
These meanings appear to be supported by dominant discourses that could
determine and limit the practices or actions of these teachers. Within these contexts,
however, there are teachers whose actions, reflections or motivations suggest the
possibility of alternative or preferred meanings that may be marginalised or silenced
by dominant discourses of hopelessness. The theoretical framework that provided
the foundation for this study was social constructionism, which argues that meaning
is constructed through social interaction and that there is no underlying or objective
reality that can be revealed through observation or experience. An understanding of
this social construction of meaning allows for the construction of alternative or
preferred meanings by individuals or groups in contexts where dominant discourses
do not serve their best interests. The aim of the research was therefore to explore
and describe the meanings that the participants make of their experiences as
teachers in a primary school in Cape Town in a community where low income levels
are prevalent. The study further aimed to describe how these teachers experience
contextual factors and how these factors contribute to their meaning-making.
Furthermore, the purpose of the study was to explore local knowledge in the form of
actions, motivations and reflections of the teachers that suggest possibilities for
alternative or preferred meanings.
In keeping with the social constructionist nature of the study, a qualitative,
interpretivist research approach was used. Participants were selected through
purposive sampling and focus group discussions were used to generate data. Digital
audio recordings were made of the group sessions, which were then transcribed and
analysed using the constant comparative method.
The research findings indicated that the teachers who participated in the study
experienced various contextual factors that contributed to their meaning-making.
Their experiences of most of these factors were described in similar ways to
comparable contextual factors as portrayed in the literature. Furthermore, these
contextual factors were linked by the teachers, and dominantly in the literature, to
meanings that could be summarised as hopelessness. However, alongside these meanings, the teachers gave rich or detailed descriptions of a range of actions,
reflections and motivations that suggest possible alternative or preferred meanings to
the hopelessness that their context seems to invite, and that dominant discourses in
the literature appear to portray. These findings led to recommendations that were
centred largely on meeting some of the support needs of teachers and children in
communities with low income levels. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onderwysers se ervarings in Suid-Afrika, veral in gemeenskappe met ‘n lae
inkomstevlak, word belewe binne kontekste wat lyk asof dit die betekenisse van
hopeloosheid ontlok. Hierdie betekenisse word blykbaar deur dominante diskoerse
ondersteun, wat hierdie onderwysers se werksaamheid of optrede kan bepaal en
beperk. Binne hierdie kontekste is daar egter onderwysers wie se handelinge,
nadenke of motivering die moontlikheid van alternatiewe of verkieslike betekenisse
aandui, maar wat gemarginaliseer of stilgemaak kan word deur die dominante
diskoerse van hopeloosheid. Die teoretiese raamwerk wat die grondslag vir hierdie
studie verskaf het, was sosiale konstruksionisme, wat daarop dui dat betekenis deur
sosiale interaksie gekonstrueer word en dat daar geen onderliggende of objektiewe
realiteit is wat deur waarneming of ervaring geopenbaar kan word nie. ‘n Begrip van
die sosiale konstruksie van betekenis maak voorsiening vir die konstruksie van
alternatiewe of verkieslike betekenisse deur individue of groepe binne kontekste
waar dominante diskoerse nie hul beste belange dien nie. Die doel van die navorsing
was daarom om die betekenisse wat die deelnemers, as onderwysers in ‘n laerskool
in Kaapstad binne ‘n gemeenskap met lae inkomste, aan hul ervarings heg, te verken
en te beskryf. Die studie was verder daarop gemik om te beskryf hoe hierdie
onderwysers kontekstuele faktore ervaar en hoe hierdie faktore ‘n bydrae lewer tot
hoe hulle betekenis skep. ‘n Verdere doel van die studie was om plaaslike kennis in
die gedaante van die optrede, motivering en nadenke van onderwysers, waardeur
moontlike alternatiewe of verkieslike betekenisse na vore kom, te verken.
Vanweë die sosiaal-konstruksionistiese aard van die studie, is ‘n kwalitatiewe,
interpretiewe navorsingsbenadering as navorsingsmetodologie vir hierdie studie
gebruik. ‘n Doelgerigte steekproef is gebruik om potensiële deelnemers te identifiseer
en data is deur middel van fokusgroeponderhoude gegenereer. Digitale oudio-opnames
van die fokusgroeponderhoude is getranskribeer en is met gebruik van die
konstante vergelykende metode ontleed.
Die navorsingsbevindings het aangedui dat die onderwysers wat aan hierdie studie
deelgeneem het, verskillende kontekstuele faktore belewe wat bydra tot die
betekenis wat deur hulle geskep word. Hulle belewenis van die meeste van hierdie faktore is op soortgelyke wyse beskryf as vergelykbare kontekstuele faktore wat in
die literatuur bespreek word. Hierdie kontekstuele faktore is verder deur die
onderwysers en in die literatuur aan betekenisse wat as hopeloosheid beskryf kan
word, gekoppel. Naas hierdie betekenisse het die onderwysers egter ook ryk of
gedetailleerde beskrywings van ‘n reeks handelinge, nadenkings en motiverings
gebied wat moontlike alternatiewe of verkose betekenisse bied tot die hopeloosheid
wat deur hulle konteks uitgelok word en deur die dominante diskoerse in die literatuur
uitgebeeld word. Die navorsingsbevindings het gelei tot aanbevelings wat hoofsaaklik
daarop gerig is om in sommige van die behoeftes aan ondersteuning wat deur
onderwysers en kinders in gemeenskappe met lae inkomstevlakke ervaar word, te voorsien.
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Det spelar roll hur det sägs : Om nyhetsförmedlingens betydelse för ungas tilltro till om politiker kan lösa problemen i samhället – exemplet gängkriminalitet / It matters how it is said : It matters how it is saidAbout the importance of news agency for the trust among young people to whether politicians can solve problems in society or not – the example of gang criminalityLiljesköld, Magnus January 2024 (has links)
This essay aims to explore in what way a biased reporting from the media can contribute to a weakening trust among youngsters that politicians can solve problems existing in Sweden as a growing percentage either partly or fully believes are the case. This is stated in a poll issued by the company Ungdomsbarometern AB. During the last year the percentage has risen nine percentiles to 56 % of youngsters aged 15 – 24. In an empirical study the news coverage regarding gang violence in the Swedish news distributors Aftonbladet and SVT is studied under the period September 4 – October 4. The study shows that perspectives in the news coverage that are leaning towards a descriptive an reactive manner as well as descriptions of gangs and gang members are hugely overrepresented. These angles accounts for between 50 and 67 percent of all studied publications. On the other hand perspectives that are more proactive and geared towards possible solutions or alleviations to the crisis with gang violence are very much underrepresented. These perspectives accounts for less than 20 percent of all studied publications. The results of the studies is then analyzed through the filter of the British sociologist Steven Lukes so called third dimension of power – that is power without conflict between parties and without intention, a sort of “power over thought”, maintained somehow by the continuing prevalence of the existing ongoing social order (to put it very briefly). Seen through the lens of Lukes conception of power it is then argued in the essay that it does matter how events in society are described in the media. A strongly biased media coverage of an issue in society does exercise an element of mind over thought and might, drawing on Lukes conception of power, contribute to perhaps some extent to an image among the public that the politicians doesn’t have control over the situation with gang violence and thus trust in what politicians could achieve might begin to erode. In the essay it is suggested that teachers in social sciences (“samhällskunskap”) could act as a counterweight to biased media reporting and lift perspectives that are underrepresented in media. It is also suggested that teachers in social sciences promotes discussions and debates and prioritizes the task to foster democratic engaged citizens. / Denna uppsats har som mål att utforska på vilket sätt en vinklad nyhetsrapportering från media kan bidra till ett minska förtroende hos ungdomar till att politiker kan lösa problem som finns i Sverige, något som en växande procentandel antingen delvis eller helt anser är fallet. Detta är resultatet av en enkät gjord av företaget Ungdomsbarometern AB. Under det senaste året har procentandelen ökat med nio procentenheter till 56 % av ungdomar i åldern 15 – 24 år. I en empirisk studie av Aftonbladets och SVT nyhetsbevakningen av gängkriminalitet undersöktes publiceringar under perioden the period September 4 – 4 Oktober. Undersökningen visar att perspektiv i nyhetsbevakningen som är deskriptiva och reaktiva , liksom perspektiv där gäng och gängmedlemmar beskrivs är starkt överrepresenterade. Dessa vinklar står för mellan 50 och 67 procent av alla studerade publiceringar. Å andra sidan är perspektiv som är mer proaktiva och inriktade mot möjliga lösningar eller lindringar av gängvåldskrisen starkt underrepresenterade. Dessa perspektiv står för mindre än 20 procent av alla studerade publiceringar. Resultatet av studien analyseras sedan genom användandet av den brittiske sociologen Steven Lukes så kallade tredje maktdimension, det vill säga makt utan konflikt mellan parter och utan intention – en slags ”makt över tanken”, upprätthållen på sätt och vis genom det fortgående upprätthållandet av den rådande pågående sociala ordningen (mycket kort sammanfattat). Sett genom Lukes “maktlins” argumenteras det sedan i uppsatsen för att det faktiskt spelar roll hur händelser I samhället beskrivs I media. Baserat på Lukes maktbegrepp kan en starkt vinklad mediebevakning av en samhällsfråga utöva en slags makt över tanken och kanske i viss utsträckning bidra till en bild hos allmänheten att politiker inte har kontroll över situationen med gängkriminalitet, och därmed kan tilltron till vad politiker kan tänkas kunna uppnå börja erodera. I denna uppsats argumenteras det för att samhällskunskapslärare skulle kunna fungera som en motvikt när vissa perspektiv i medias rapportering i en samhällsfråga har större utrymme i den samlade nyhetsrapporteringen i samhällsfrågan, medan andra perspektiv har mindre utrymme. Det föreslås också att samhällskunskapslärare uppmuntrar diskussioner och debatter och prioriterar uppdraget att fostra demokratiska och engagerade medborgare.
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Stories of survival in the wake of violence and abuse on the Cape FlatsWilkinson, Katheryn Lynn January 1900 (has links)
The Cape Flats is characterised by widespread poverty, unemployment and frequent incidents of domestic and gang related violence. The presence of gangs in and around many of the schools in this area poses a serious problem for the community and the Western Cape Education Department. Schools are disrupted, while principals, teachers and learners are in constant fear and danger of gangsters' bullets. Families in
these communities are exposed to chronic traumatisation from both gang and domestic violence. This qualitative study was concerned with exploring a narrative pastoral therapy approach to trauma counselling
in schools. It focused specifically on crisis counselling as well as counselling with regard to loss and abuse.
Informed by contextual and feminist theology, an action research model was used in this study. I documented my own developing practice by telling the stories of adults and children struggling against the trauma threatening to overwhelm their lives. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology -Pastoral Therapy)
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Stories of survival in the wake of violence and abuse on the Cape FlatsWilkinson, Katheryn Lynn January 1900 (has links)
The Cape Flats is characterised by widespread poverty, unemployment and frequent incidents of domestic and gang related violence. The presence of gangs in and around many of the schools in this area poses a serious problem for the community and the Western Cape Education Department. Schools are disrupted, while principals, teachers and learners are in constant fear and danger of gangsters' bullets. Families in
these communities are exposed to chronic traumatisation from both gang and domestic violence. This qualitative study was concerned with exploring a narrative pastoral therapy approach to trauma counselling
in schools. It focused specifically on crisis counselling as well as counselling with regard to loss and abuse.
Informed by contextual and feminist theology, an action research model was used in this study. I documented my own developing practice by telling the stories of adults and children struggling against the trauma threatening to overwhelm their lives. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology -Pastoral Therapy)
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Bodies of Evidence: A Qualitative Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Female Central American and Mexican Asylum Seekers in DallasKober, Ryan K. 05 1900 (has links)
This work addresses the experiences of female asylum seekers from Central and Mexico currently living in Dallas, TX. The main purpose is to analyze how these women engage in the gendered processes of both migrating to and accessing legal resources and protection within the United States. As the women move through male-dominated spaces in their home country, the borderlands, and the asylum court they must challenge the patriarchal institutions that attempt to silence their narratives and criminalize their bodies. Their physical wounds become evidence in the courtroom, while outside of the courtroom their movements are monitored and tracked through multiple mechanisms of state control: ankle monitors, detention centers, ICE check-ins. They face intersectional discrimination as they are targeted as both women and immigrants. However, these female asylum seekers are not victims. They constantly display agency as they represent themselves in court, find solace in their faith, and form community with each other.
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Riglyne vir 'n intervensieprogram vir leerders wat deur bendegeweld geteister word / Guidelines for an invention programme for learners who are afflicted by gang violenceJeffries, Victor Vincent 11 1900 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie studie is die aard en gevolge van bendegeweld onder kinders in die vroeë
adolessente jare by bendegeteisterde skole in die Wes-Kaap ondersoek ten einde
terapeutiese riglyne te bepaal vir leerders wat bendegeweld by die skool ervaar. Die
verskynsel van bendegeweld is in die literatuur ondersoek. Die bio-ekologiese teorie van
Urie Bronfenbrenner het as teoretiese grondslag vir die navorsing gedien, welke teorie
die wedersydse invloed wat persone en hul omgewing op mekaar het, beskryf.
Trauma by die vroeë adolessent en drie bestaande modelle vir traumaberading word
bespreek, waarna ’n stel maatstawwe vir ’n traumaberadingsmodel uit die drie modelle
sowel as die literatuur gekies word.
Die empiriese navorsing is deur middel van sowel kwantitatiewe- as kwalitatiewe
navorsingsmetodes gedoen. ’n Fokusgroepbespreking én onderhoude met onderwysers
en skoolhoofde het plaasgevind om diepgaande inligting oor behoeftes ná voorvalle van
bendegeweld te verkry. Twee in-diepte onderhoude is met persone wat kenners op die
gebied van bendes en bendegeweld is, gevoer. Vervolgens is twee vraelyste, een vir
leerders en een vir onderwysers en skoolhoofde, opgestel om vas te stel watter hulp
hulle met betrekking tot ’n trauma-intervensieprogram benodig. Die studie het bevind
dat bendegeweld leerders se akademiese prestasie sowel as hul emosionele en sosiale
funksionering raak, terwyl dit gevoelens van magteloosheid en frustrasie by
onderwysers en skoolhoofde veroorsaak.
Die studie sluit af met ’n verskeidenheid aanbevelings oor die daarstel van terapeutiese
riglyne vir opvoeders om die impak van bendegeweld op leerders by skole in
bendegeteisterde gebiede te hanteer. / This study investigated the nature and effects of gang violence among children in the
early adolescent stage of development at gang-infested schools in the Western Cape in
order to identify therapeutic guidelines for learners who experience gang violence at
school. The phenomenon of gang violence was explored in the literature study. The bioecosystems
theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner was employed as the theoretical basis for the
study, which describes the reciprocal influence between humans and their environment.
Early adolescent trauma and three existing models for trauma counselling are discussed,
followed by the selection of a set of criteria for a trauma counselling model based on the
three models as well as the literature studied.
The empirical research was carried out through both quantitative and qualitative
research methodologies. A focus group discussion as well as interviews with educators
and principals were conducted in order to obtain in-depth information on their needs
after incidents of gang violence. Two in-depth interviews have been conducted with
professionals who are experts in the domain of gangs and gang related violence. This led
to the development of two questionnaires, one for learners and one for educators and
principals, to determine what type of support they need in terms of a trauma intervention
programme. The study found that gang violence severely affects learners’ academic
performance as well as their emotional and social functioning, while it creates feelings
of frustration and powerlessness among teachers and principals.
The study concludes by offering a range of recommendations for the formulation of
therapeutic guidelines for educators to address the effects of gang violence on learners
who attend schools in gang-infested areas. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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