Wood can be added to streams to create microhabitats that provide macroinvertebrates with an opportunity for re-colonization by making the stream more heterogeneous. I examined colonization on wood substrate by macroinvertebrates in semi-natural streams in northern Finland during a three month period. Each of the streams was divided in three sections A, B and C, half of which were provided with wood. The focus has been on whether the density of macroinvertebrates changes with time, along an upstream-downstream direction in the streams, or in streams with two wood sections if macroinvertebrates will colonize the first section with wood that they come in contact with (upstream section) or if they continue downstream to the second section with wood. Wood from Salix sp. was placed in nine of the 18 enclosures during mid-June. Samples of wood were removed from the streams on three different occasions from August to October 2014. A total of 32 taxa were identified from the wood and assigned to functional feeding groups: shredders, scrapers, active filter feeders, passive filter feeders, collectors, miners, piercers and predators. The results showed that collectors, miners and piercers increased in density during the month of October and the abundance of scrapers was higher in the upstream location than in the downstream location. Total number of macroinvertebrates, collectors, passive filter feeders and predators had a higher colonization on the first substrate they came into contact with. / Ved i homogena vattendrag skapar mikrohabitat och ger evertebrater en möjlighet att återkolonisera vattendraget genom att göra vattendraget mer heterogent. Jag har undersökt makroevertebraters kolonisation på ved i semi-naturliga bäckar under en tre månaders-period i norra Finland. Bäckarna var uppdelade i tre sektioner upp-, mellan- och nedströms respektive A, B och C. Av 18 sektioner var nio ved försedda. Jag har fokuserat på om tätheten av evertebrater och diversiteten förändras med tiden, längs bäckarna dvs. uppströms – nedströms, och om makroevertebrater kommer kolonisera den första vedförsedda sektionen de kommer i kontakt med eller fortsätta till den efterföljande vedförsedda sektionen. Ved från Salix sp. placerades i nio inhägnader i mitten på juni. Prov på ved togs vid tre olika tidpunkter under studieperioden från Augusti till Oktober 2014. En totala av 32 taxa identifierades från veden och grupperades i funktionella födogrupper: Sönderdelare, skrapare, aktiva filtrerare, passiva filtrerare, samlare, växtgrävare, växtsugare och predatorer. Resultatet visade att samlare, växtgrävare och växtsugare ökade i täthet under oktober månad samt att skapare föredrog ett uppströmsläge framför de andra två möjligheterna. Totala antalet evertebrater, samlare, passiva filtrerare och predatorer koloniserade det första substratet de kom i kontakt med i större utsträckning än de andra födogrupperna.

Ce mémoire propose une analyse de l'enfermement identitaire présent dans les romans Lullaby et Survivor de l'auteur Chuck Palahniuk et montré en rapport au rôle que les personnages tiennent dans leur famille et à leur pratique d'habitation. En utilisant les théories de Baudrillard et de Foucault, l'imposition d'une identité par la société moderne s'explique en relation à sa domination par le capitalisme de consommation et par la présence médiatique. Les univers romanesques de cet auteur s'inscrivent dans la tradition américaine où, par l'emploi du langage littéraire, sont développées les notions de liberté et de libre arbitre au coeur de l'identité nationale américaine rendant possible la lutte contre les différents dispositifs de contrôle présents dans cette société (m'inspirant du projet de Weinstein). Cette étude ne porte pas seulement sur l'enfermement identitaire, tant individuel que culturel des personnages, mais aussi sur les problématiques de l'identité masculine et de la passivité dans ces deux romans. L'auteur tente de solutionner lesdits problèmes en brisant la solitude de ses personnages que ce soit parce qu'ils réussissent à faire partie d'une communauté les reconnaissant comme un sujet unique, parce qu'ils établissent une connexion grâce au partage de leur histoire personnelle ou parce qu'ils retrouvent les sentiments d'appartenance et d'amour liés à la famille. / This thesis focuses on the internalization of identity in Chuck Palahniuk's novels Lullaby and Survivor in regards to each character's role within their respective families and surroundings (environments). Using both Baudrillard and Foucault's theories, we can demonstrate that one's identity, created by our modern society, can be explained by its domination by the capitalist mantra and the mediatic presence. The literary universes created by Palahniuk are in the American style where literary language is used to develop the notions of liberty and free will within the American national identity, enabling the main protagonists to fight against the various control methods present within this society (inspired by Weinstein's project). This study does not fucus solely on the internalization of identity, both individual and cultural, but also on the problems related to the masculine identity as well as the character's passivity in both novels. The author attempts to solve these problems by breaking its character's solitude either by way of integrating them in a community that recognizes them as unique individuals, by establishing a connection based on the retelling of their personal history or by reconnecting with the feelings of filial love and belonging.

[pt] O trabalho aborda o problema da habitação social no Brasil, repensando o papel do aluguel como modalidade de acesso à moradia digna para a população de menor renda. Para o estudo, tomamos como referência o Programa de Locação Social que a prefeitura de São Paulo vem desenvolvendo desde o Governo da Marta Suplicy, com influência da experiência francesa e europeia em geral. O resumo histórico revela que o tema habitacional está presente no contexto em que as questões sociais foram assumidas pelo Estado brasileiro, durante o Governo Vargas, fazendo parte do conjunto das estratégias que incluíam a ampliação da proteção dos trabalhadores através das políticas sociais. Por um longo período, o aluguel foi a principal maneira utilizada pela população para se alojar nas cidades, chegando a induzir sua expansão no território, e foi sempre uma atividade econômica bastante lucrativa para o mercado imobiliário. A Lei do Inquilinato, de 1942, foi a principal iniciativa criada pelo governo para regular a relação locatícia entre proprietários e inquilinos, antes, a cargo do Código Civil. Mas o reforço adotado pelo governo para estimular a casa própria, individualizada e na periferia, consolidou a ideia da moradia como mercadoria. Sendo assim, a ação fragmentada das políticas sociais é refletida nos programas habitacionais, que passaram a privilegiar a produção habitacional em grande escala como solução para o problema. A metodologia adotou as entrevistas de campo com lideranças dos movimentos por moradia e técnicos que participaram da elaboração do Programa de Locação Social. Os resultados revelam grupos sociais organizados, que buscam a satisfação das suas necessidades com a conquista da moradia na área central da cidade de São Paulo, gerando processos de participação e de fortalecimento em torno da defesa e cobrança de seus direitos à cidade e à moradia. A locação social requer aprimoramentos e maior investimento dos governos para que se torne viável, e as cidades cumpram a sua função social, sobretudo, no momento em que as áreas estão sendo revitalizadas. / [en] This work deals with the problem of social housing in Brazil rethinking the role of social rent as an access mode to decent housing for lower income population. The main reference is the Social Rental Policy the municipality of Sao Paulo has been developing since the Government Marta Suplicy, which brings in its bulge influences of French and European previous experiences. The historical summary demonstrates that the topic of social housing has been present since social issues were assumed by the Brazilian State during the Government Getúlio Vargas, becoming part of a set of strategies aimed at the extension of protection to workers through social policies. For a long period renting was the most widely used mode for living in cities, going so far as to induce the expansion of the so called beneficiary population in the territory, and was always a fairly lucrative economic activity for real state market. The Tenancy Law of 1942 was the main initiative created by the Government GV to regulate the relationship between owners and tenants about location, which was previously in charge of the Civil Code. The strategy adopted by the Government to encourage individualized home ownership in peripheral areas consolidated the idea of housing as a commodity. Thereby, the fragmentary action of social policies eventually influenced housing programs, which began to favoring large-scale housing production as a solution to the problem of social housing. The methodology adopted was field interview with leaders of urban movements for housing and technicians who took part in the drafting of Social Leasing Program. The results reveal that organized social groups are seeking the right to housing in the central area (downtown) of the city of Sao Paulo, originating participatory processes and strengthening the defense and the recovery of their rights to the city and to decent housing. Accordingly, social lease requires improvements and greater investments by Governments in order to help the cities to fulfill their social function, especially when these central areas are being revitalized.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Moreira Barros Dutra.pdf: 801824 bytes, checksum: cc61a3182884ec66bf60e861730a166b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-29 / The present work boards the controversy over the straight law of habitation as a figure of right of succession in the case of the death of the one of the parties in a common-law marriage. It has been stablished a parallel among these rights conceded to the husbands or wives and those conceded to the parties of the common-law marriage at the present standing normative system. According to this, a critical analysis has been made with the familiar entities disposed by the Federal Constitution and its abordage by the infraconstitutional rules. Essencial to the proposed object, the study has been expanded to the elements of the family rights, the straight law and the rights of succession, having as an aim the examining of this law application over the surviving part in a common-law marriage / O presente trabalho aborda o questionamento acerca do direito real de habitação como figura do Direito sucessório nos casos de sucessão do convivente. Traçou-se um paralelo entre os direitos hereditários concedidos aos cônjuges e aos conviventes na atual sistemática normativa vigente. Em vista disso, foi realizada análise crítica às entidades familiares instituídas pela Constituição Federal e seu tratamento pelas normas infraconstitucionais. O estudo se estendeu, por essencial à abordagem ao objeto proposto, elementos do Direito de Família, do Direito Real e do Direito das Sucessões, tendo como objetivo a verificação de aplicação de tal direito aos conviventes supérstites

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Blikstein.pdf: 1236700 bytes, checksum: 2b2d8b392471f88d084e140f209e4bbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-23 / The present paper is purposed to analyze and discuss the real right to habitation and its application in hereditary succession, such as established in our current legal system, by means of analysis of the legal rules on the subject. Inserted in such purpose, the present discussion will explore the subject with an analysis of the Brazilian and foreign legislation, aimed to address the utility and the limits of the real right to habitation applied to the successional law, specially after modifications brought up by the current Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure. In addition to the doctrinal analysis, this paper will bring to light the most recent decisions from our courts of law, challenging the subject from its various facets. The proposed subject is approached in five chapters: the formation and evolution of the Brazilian family; general aspects of real rights; the real right to habitation, its concept and legislative evolution, as well as its view under the foreign law; overview of the current Brazilian successional law; and, finally, a contention with the relevant themes involving the real right to habitation in the hereditary succession. This way, this paper will aim to challenge the main points of the theme, which generate innumerous judicial conflicts, always taking into consideration that, observing the legal form, the formation and maintenance of the family must be the most important and protected social institutions / O presente trabalho tem por finalidade analisar e discutir o direito real de habitação e sua aplicação na sucessão hereditária, tal como se coloca em nosso ordenamento jurídico atual, por intermédio da análise dos ditames legais previstos sobre o tema. Inserida em tal objetivo, a presente discussão reside na exploração do tema por meio da análise da legislação brasileira e estrangeira a ele concernente, visando discutir a utilidade e os limites do direito real de habitação aplicado ao direito sucessório, principalmente, após as alterações trazidas pelo atual Código Civil Brasileiro. Além da análise doutrinária, buscouse trazer as mais atuais decisões de nossos tribunais, enfrentando o tema em seus vários aspectos. O tema proposto é desenvolvido em cinco capítulos: formação e evolução da família brasileira; aspectos gerais dos direitos reais; direito real de habitação, seu conceito e evolução legislativa, bem como visão no direito estrangeiro; uma visão geral do atual direito sucessório brasileiro e, por fim, o enfrentamento dos temas relevantes que envolvem o direito real de habitação na sucessão hereditária. Dessa forma, procura-se abarcar, aqui, o enfrentamento dos principais pontos controversos do tema, que geram inúmeros conflitos judiciais, considerando sempre que, respeitada a forma legal, a formação e a manutenção da família devem ser os mais importantes e protegidos institutos sociais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marta Cirera Sari Coelho.pdf: 13533580 bytes, checksum: 7df77973c5447bd04fa68c29e30c5aa3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation provides a reflection about the process of urbanization of the slum housing in the city of Diadema and know the factors that interfere in the development of this habitational politics process during the period 1983-2008. It will be presented from the right of living with dignity perspective. Introduced by an analysis of the cities formation, especially in the metropolitan areas and concerning the right of living in sustainable cities and the right of citizenship. This study is designated to identify the internal and external factors in the city of Diadema that have influenced the Habitational Politics driven to the slum area from the Rights perspectives. This research was built through documental source, data mining and interviews with spokespersons involved in the Diadema politics. In short, it is indicated by the current analysis that the popular interaction, the continuing of the priority to theses programs between managers were the main factors to the consolidation of the city habitational politics and also for the access to the land and housing in the urbanization process in Diadema slums / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo estabelecer uma reflexão sobre o processo de urbanização de favelas na cidade de Diadema, e conhecer os fatores intervenientes na maturação dessa política, no período de 1983 a 2008, estudados na perspectiva do direito à moradia digna. Partindo da análise sobre o contexto da formação das cidades, principalmente nas regiões metropolitanas, e tendo como referencial o conceito de direito às cidades sustentáveis e o direito à cidadania, este estudo identifica os fatores internos e externos, à cidade de Diadema, que influenciaram a Política Habitacional para os Núcleos de Favela. Utiliza fontes documentais, levantamento de dados e entrevistas com interlocutores dessa política na cidade. A análise indica que a participação popular, a continuidade da prioridade dada ao programa de urbanização, entre as sucessivas gestões administrativas, e o avanço dos instrumentos legais que tratam do tema, foram fatores decisivos na consolidação da política habitacional da cidade e também fundamentais para garantir o acesso à terra e à moradia, no processo de urbanização de favelas em Diadema

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Maria Eloy Machado.pdf: 1985952 bytes, checksum: dffcab9abbf4cf89b5e0c68158413ca1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Masters thesis has as its objective of study the analysis of the Municipal Habitation Politics of the city of Embu/SP implemented during the 2001-2008 period and its contribution to effect the right to the city to the local population, primarily, to the low income segments of the society. The general objective of this investigation consisted on knowing and analyzing the Municipal Habitation Politics of Embu and the process of effect of the right to the city trough the local participatory management, of the Municipal Directory Plan and the Municipal Habitation Politics. It was defined as hypothesis that the Municipal Habitation Politics of Embu is partially contributing to effect of the right to the city to the local population, primarily, to the low income segments. It was adopted as the methodological path to this research development the qualitative approach, including bibliographical, documental and Field research and also the researcher experience. As methodological instruments was used a form to characterize the housing associations of the city and the semi-structured interview. There were made 7 interviews, with specific scripts for each group of people. To the analysis of the collected data was used the content analysis technique. The reference concepts adopted were: City, Right, Habitation and Democratic Management, in an interdisciplinary approach. The results showed a positive improvement on the implement of politics in the sense of building up a public politics, committed with the qualitative deficit reduction of habitation in irregular settlements and with improvement of the urban life quality. It was also verified the process of creating a city democratic and participatory management too. There were also identified limitations, mainly, on the finances for habitation issues, the missing of an urban and intersectorial development politics and also, an incipient ownership of subjective right to the city / A presente Dissertação de Mestrado tem como objeto de estudo a análise da Política Municipal de Habitação do município de Embu / SP implementada no período de 2001 a 2008 e sua contribuição para a efetivação do direito à cidade à população local, prioritariamente, aos segmentos de baixa renda. O objetivo geral desta investigação consistiu em conhecer e analisar a Política de Habitação de Embu e o processo de efetivação do direito à cidade através da gestão participativa local, do Plano Diretor Municipal e da Política Municipal de Habitação. Definiu-se como hipótese que a Política Municipal de Habitação de Embu vem contribuindo parcialmente para a efetivação do direito à cidade à população local, prioritariamente, aos segmentos de baixa renda. Adotou-se como caminho metodológico para a elaboração desta pesquisa a abordagem qualitativa, englobando a pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo, bem como a observação participante da pesquisadora. Como instrumentos metodológicos utilizou-se do formulário para a caracterização das associações de moradia do município e da entrevista semi-estruturada. Foram realizadas 7 entrevistas, com roteiros específicos para cada grupo de sujeitos. Para análise dos dados obtidos foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os conceitos de referência adotados foram: Cidade, Direito, Habitação e Gestão Democrática, em uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Os resultados evidenciaram avanços positivos na implementação da Política Municipal de Habitação no sentido da construção de uma política pública, comprometida com a redução do déficit qualitativo de moradias nos assentamento irregulares e com a melhoria da qualidade de vida urbana, pela ampliação da rede de infra-estrutura do município. Verificou-se ainda um processo em construção de uma gestão democrática e participativa da cidade. Foram evidenciadas também limitações, principalmente, no tocante aos financiamentos habitacionais, à falta de uma política de desenvolvimento urbano integrada e inter-setorial e uma incipiente apropriação do direito subjetivo de cidade

This work attempts to seek new insights in understanding the archeological phenomena traditionally labelled as the western Bronze Age and the coastal Pre-Roman cultures of Finland (1500 BC-AD 1), by studying the phenomena from a socioeconomic interaction and practice oriented community perspective. The basic line of thought is that it was the everyday life of the local agents and their interactions that constituted the local communities. Communities are seen as built from the bottom up by the interaction of various local agents. The organised agents, their practices and their mutual interaction on various scales of social organisation are regarded as the central factors that created and shaped the history of the communities. Problems that are addressed concern the interrelationship between the subsistence practices, habitation practices and the social organisation of the coastal communities. Houses and local polities are regarded as two basic social institutions that were essential for the structuration of the coastal communities and for their relation to external networks. I also address the issue of the various spatial and temporal scales that can be considered as essential for the structuration of the coastal communities, and furthermore how the coastal communities managed change over time. The geographical scope of this thesis is limited to the former province of Vaasa (Vaasan lääni/Vasa län) in western Finland, with a special emphasis on the coastal southern part of Ostrobothnia.  A suggested high-rank House from the Late Bronze Age is studied in Laihia. Methodologically a broad perspective with a comparative, diachronic and a multi-proxy approach is conducted in the study of the structuration of communities. The constitution of the communities is largely approached through themes that are related to landscape and settlement archaeology. Contextual analyses of the combinations of various subsistence and habitation practices form the basis for the identification of different community constituting subgroups of agents.

Ce mémoire propose une analyse de l'enfermement identitaire présent dans les romans Lullaby et Survivor de l'auteur Chuck Palahniuk et montré en rapport au rôle que les personnages tiennent dans leur famille et à leur pratique d'habitation. En utilisant les théories de Baudrillard et de Foucault, l'imposition d'une identité par la société moderne s'explique en relation à sa domination par le capitalisme de consommation et par la présence médiatique. Les univers romanesques de cet auteur s'inscrivent dans la tradition américaine où, par l'emploi du langage littéraire, sont développées les notions de liberté et de libre arbitre au coeur de l'identité nationale américaine rendant possible la lutte contre les différents dispositifs de contrôle présents dans cette société (m'inspirant du projet de Weinstein). Cette étude ne porte pas seulement sur l'enfermement identitaire, tant individuel que culturel des personnages, mais aussi sur les problématiques de l'identité masculine et de la passivité dans ces deux romans. L'auteur tente de solutionner lesdits problèmes en brisant la solitude de ses personnages que ce soit parce qu'ils réussissent à faire partie d'une communauté les reconnaissant comme un sujet unique, parce qu'ils établissent une connexion grâce au partage de leur histoire personnelle ou parce qu'ils retrouvent les sentiments d'appartenance et d'amour liés à la famille. / This thesis focuses on the internalization of identity in Chuck Palahniuk's novels Lullaby and Survivor in regards to each character's role within their respective families and surroundings (environments). Using both Baudrillard and Foucault's theories, we can demonstrate that one's identity, created by our modern society, can be explained by its domination by the capitalist mantra and the mediatic presence. The literary universes created by Palahniuk are in the American style where literary language is used to develop the notions of liberty and free will within the American national identity, enabling the main protagonists to fight against the various control methods present within this society (inspired by Weinstein's project). This study does not fucus solely on the internalization of identity, both individual and cultural, but also on the problems related to the masculine identity as well as the character's passivity in both novels. The author attempts to solve these problems by breaking its character's solitude either by way of integrating them in a community that recognizes them as unique individuals, by establishing a connection based on the retelling of their personal history or by reconnecting with the feelings of filial love and belonging.

No description available.