Industrial design is recognised for the value-oriented benefits it offers to businesses. Industrial design ensures that new products are more efficient, usable, convenient and safe to use within the evolving business environment. One of the important factors for the continuous achievement of high product quality and general economic growth and stability in countries such as West Germany, Korea and Japan is their sound industrial design base. Industrial design programmes can be instrumental to ignite an entrepreneurial and innovation spirit to assist in curbing the high unemployment rate and very low levels of entrepreneurial intentions in South Africa. The core of tertiary industrial design students has unique capabilities that can assist the South African economy to stimulate manufacturing, job creation and economic growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the entrepreneurial intentions among industrial design students enrolled for the programme in Three-Dimensional Design, at Universities of Technology in South Africa. In addition, this study investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial intentions and actual business formation by graduates of the programme. Studies have been carried out in South Africa on entrepreneurial intentions, but not on the formation, occurrence and implementation of entrepreneurial intentions amongst industrial design students, specifically. To test the links between business education and entrepreneurial intentions, a research model based on Ajzen’s (1985) Theory of Planned Behaviour was adopted and tested using quantitative empirical data collected from students in industrial design at two Universities of Technology. Quantitative data were collected from a sample of 161 participants using a validated self-administered questionnaire. IBM SPSS and STATA were used to conduct descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, factor analysis, reliability and structural equation modelling on the primary quantitative data. The empirical evidence partially supports the effectiveness of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting entrepreneurial intentions. Although perceived social norms and self-efficacy is positively related to entrepreneurial intentions, results failed to reach statistical significance. However, personal attitude was found to mediate the relationship between these variables and entrepreneurial intention. Whilst business education is positively related to self-efficacy, entrepreneurial knowledge is positively related to higher levels of personal attitude and self-efficacy. The transformation of entrepreneurial intentions into actual business start-ups were investigated using qualitative empirical data collected from past graduates of the Three-Dimensional Design programme. Qualitative data were collected from a sample of 22 graduates through structured interviews. ATLAS.ti version 7.5.9 was used to analyse the qualitative data. The researcher provided evidence that there is a relationship between entrepreneurial intentions and the actual start-up of a business, as 45.5 per cent of graduates started businesses. Furthermore, business education positively influenced the actual start-up of businesses. However, graduates experienced many challenges to business start-up, with implications for the teaching of business subjects and for policy makers. / Business Management / D. Com. (Business Management)

This project was implemented as a Master thesis project in Industrial design engineering (IDE). In collaboration with Billerud Karlsborg, the project was initiated to develop proposal for a technological solution for eliminating a manual handling work task in the production line for coated paper products. The design process was implemented  as a Participatory design approach, inviting the workers of the production unit to collaborate in design activites and workshops. The participatory approach was based on the Scandinavian perspective on Participatory design, with influences from the comtemporary views on collaborative design. The project included a holistic ergonomic analysis focused on the assessment of musculoskeletal disorder risk factors in the work task flagged by workers as a cause of work strain. The focused work task documented in detail and assessed through REBA and RULA assessment. The work task involves manual handling of a stack of residual paper that is rolled to a tube, by hand, and subsequently lifted and pushed to a grinder inlet for re-purposing. While the ergonomic analysis confirm that there are postural risk factors present, the pace of work suggests that adequate resting for preventing work stain related to the focused task is possible during work. However, the percieved work strained is suggested to originate from work task in close connection to the focused task. A proposal for a concept that sufficiently eliminates the risk factors found in the focused task is developed based on a human-centered design and anthropometric principles. The development concludes with the construction of a prototype, but time constraints denies evaluation of the prototype with end users. The concept is therefore presented as renders of a 3D-model. / Det här projektet har utförts som ett examensarbete inom Civilingenjör Teknisk design, på uppdrag av Billerud Karlsborg. Syftet med projektet var att utveckla ett tekniskt lösningsförslag till ett av Billerud utvalt arbetsmiljöproblem vid en av arbetstationerna i pappersbruket i Karlsborg. I samarbete med arbetarna i den berörda produktionslinjen genomfördes en participativ designprocess, innefattade planering och genomförande av participativa designaktiviteter och workshops baserade på de skandinaviska teorierna kring participativ design, med influens från nyare perspektiv kring co-design. Som en del i arbetet utfördes en övergipande ergonomisk analys avseende belastningsergonomiska riskkällor vid en fokuserad arbetsstation, med en detaljerad kartläggning av den arbetsuppgift som arbetarna upplever som problematisk. Den fokuserade arbetsuppgiften innefattar manuell hantering av en restprodukt som behöver rullas ihop för hand och därefter lyftas samt skjutas till en kvarn för återvinning. Den ergonomiska analysen utfördes med hjälp av REBA- och RULA-bedömningar, vilka bekräftade att en potentiell risk för belastningsergonomiska skador i det arbetssätt som utövas, men där produktionstakten och systemets styrning tyder på att tillräcklig vila är möjlig under arbetet för att motverka skador från lågintensivt muskelarbete. Arbetsmiljöproblemet bedöms däremot inte vara obefintligt då arbetarnas totala arbete innefattar ytterligare moment av fysisk belastning, och där arbetsmiljöproblemet eventuellt kan vara ett resultat av närliggande moment till den fokuserade arbetsuppgiften. Som lösningsförslag på problemet utvecklas ett koncept som eliminerar de funna riskkällorna i den avgränsade arbetsuppgiften, med utgångspunkt i användarcentrerad design och utefter antropometriska riktlinjer. Utvecklingen av en fysisk prototyp för utvärdering med arbetarna påbörjades, men hann inte slutföras innan projektet avslutades. Istället presenteras konceptet genom rendingar av en 3D-modell.

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This project report offers insight into my research, creative process and work during my two-year Master in visual communication at Konstfack, Stockholm.Clean: Not the Monochrome, Universal and Neutral Modernism You Expect is the published culmination of a period of visual research highlighting Modernism — Modernist (graphic) design and architecture to be precise — as a power structure by uncovering its connections to colonialism and design authoritarianism through misperception, whiteness, exclusive practicing and imposition.The book uses intersections of visual material, personal experience and theory to deconstruct the inheritance of the creative practitioner working in the realm of Modernism as well as its presumed neutrality.

Sedari kallas en sittmöbel som finns i många hem i Marocko. Suedi är slang för ”svensk” och Sedari Suedi är titeln på mitt examensprojekt.    Designförslaget Sedari Suedi är en sittmöbel där kultur i hemmet från Marocko och Sverige möts. Bland annat för att undersöka hur kulturen i hemmet ser ut i Sverige idag. Material, färg och funktion arbetar tillsammans i kontraster för att symbolisera berättelser från mina undersökningar. Samt möjliggörandet av en ökad interaktion mellan individer i hemmet.  I en globaliserad värld där människor är i rörelse på ett sätt som aldrig förr kan frågor kring kultur och identitet uppstå både hos individen men även ute i samhället. Hur kultur i hemmet och identitetsbyggande hänger ihop är givetvis en tolkningsfråga och upplevs troligtvis olika, av olika personer. Hur stor vikt har hemmet som uttrycksform och om artefakter är en förstärkning  av en individ och dess status samt identitet är frågor jag reflekterat över under examensarbetets gång.  Arbetet i detta projekt är en blandning i utforskande av egna upplevelser från tidigare erfarenheter, en resa till Marocko med sex stycken hembesök. En analys av utbudet av produkter för hemmet i Sverige, berättelser och samlade insikter från personer med marockansk bakgrund i Sverige, samt en användarstudie. / Sedari is the name of a type of seating furniture found  in many Moroccan homes. Suedi is slang for "Swedish" and Sedari Suedi is the title of my degree project. The design proposal Sedari Suedi is a seating furniture, where culture in the home from Morocco and Sweden come together. I investigate what the culture of the home looks like in Sweden today. The materials, colors and functions in the design proposal work together in contrasts to symbolize the stories from my explorations. As well as enabling an increased interaction between individuals in the home. In a globalized world where people are moving around more than ever, questions about culture and identity can arise both in the individual but also in the greater society. How is the culture of the home and its artefacts is connected to one’s identity? Is it an extension of an individuaI and a form of expression that goes beyond form and function? These are some questions that I reflect on during the course of the project. The research in this thesis is a mixture of exploration of my own previous experiences, a trip to Morocco including six home visits. An analysis of the range of products for the home in Sweden, stories and collected insights from people with Moroccan background in Sweden, and a user study.

Os estatutos, programas, disciplinas e exercícios dos alunos do curso preliminar da Bauhaus Vorkurs sob diretoria de W. Gropius são analisados neste trabalho a partir das teorias da Puravisualidade Sichtbarkeit e da Objetividade Sachlichkeit. Autores como K. Fiedler, A. Riegl, H. Wölfflin, entre outros, estabelecem as divisas da primeira corrente estética. A segunda, expressa por G. Semper, é usualmente associada à Bauhaus devido à sua abordagem da função. O objetivo é mostrar que, para uma compreensão mais ampla da pedagogia da Bauhaus, são necessários outros modos de análise, que não excluam os preceitos funcionalistas e sim os complementem. Desta forma, conceitos como função, técnica, plasmação, clarificação formal e visualidade são empregados para compreender tanto a prática quanto a teoria pedagógica da Bauhaus. No recorte desta pesquisa, Gropius, fundador e diretor da escola, é considerado por sua interlocução com os três docentes que ministraram o curso preliminar sob sua direção Johannes Itten, Josef Albers e Lazslo Moholy-­-Nagy. Estes diálogos não ocorrem necessariamente sob os mesmos tópicos e por isso são necessários para o entendimento integral do curso. Itten, introdutor do curso, estabelece como tema a definição dos elementos objetivos da atividade artística e seu domínio. Em um segundo momento, Albers e Moholy-­-Nagy reafirmam as conquistas de Itten, a quem substituem em um segundo momento, porém com um aprofundamento das questões vinculadas à indústria, caras à concepção de Gropius sobre o papel a ser desempenhado pela Bauhaus / The statutes, programs, disciplines and students\'work from the preliminary course at the Bauhaus Vorkurs on board of W. Gropius are analyzed taking Sichtbarkeit and Sachlichkeit as the background. Authors such as K. Fiedler, A. Riegl, H. Wölfflin, but not only establish the limits of the first. The second, denoted by G. Semper, is usually associated with the Bauhaus because of its function approach. The aim is to show that other methods of analysis, which does not exclude the functionalist precepts but complemente them, to a broader understanding of the pedagogy of the Bauhaus, are needed. Thus concepts such as function, technique, formation, form clarification and visibility are employed to understand both the practical, pedagogical theory as the Bauhaus. The unit school in clipping of this research is attributed to Gropius founder and director, lying dialogue in the three teachers who taught the preliminar course under his direction Johannes Itten, Josef Albers and Laszlo Moholy Nagy. These dialogues do not necessarily occur in the same topics and so are required for full understanding of the course. As its introducer, Itten establishes the theme definition of the objective elements of artistic activity and its domain. In a second step, Albers and Moholy Nagy reaffirm the achievements of Itten, who replaces the direction of travel, but with a deepening of the issues related to the industry faces the design of Gropius on the role to be played by Bauhaus.

This is a project about how the furniture industry could become more sustainable intheir waste handling. The project is based in Småland both geographically and interms of heritage and history in order to encourage locally produced products. Thecollaborators for this project are the two furniture companies Swedese andStrömslunds Snickerifabrik AB. Both companies have their production in Vaggeryd,Småland. Both companies are struggling with the waste that they produce. The aim ofthis project is to find a sustainable solution for their waste issue. In order to find asolution two theories are applied. The first one is industrial symbiosis which meansthat several industries can, by collaboration, profit from each other’s resources. Thesecond theory is circular economy which encourage remake, reuse or recycling of aproduct once it has reached its end of life. To prove that this solution would be possiblea hunting chair was made by combining the waste material that was gathered fromSwedese and Strömlunds. The decision to make a hunting chair was made to connectthe chair with the heritage of hunting and foresting in rural Småland. The making ofthe chair was different in the way that instead of that the designer would tell thematerial what was possible it was instead the material that decided the limitationsand possibilities. The final product fulfils its purpose and works perfectly for outdooractivities, even though some minor design decisions could have been changed. Theoutcome proves that Swedese and Strömslunds could benefit from working more withcircular economy and start cooperating in order to work as an industrial symbiosis.

Detta är ett examensarbete på 15 högskolepoäng inom Teknisk design vid Luleå Tekniska Universitet. Arbetet har genomförts på uppdrag av Nevo Maskin AB som är en företag som utför reparationer och service av entreprenadmaskiner. Detta produktutvecklingsprojekt har genomförts i samarbete med Sigma Industry East North. Syftet med detta projekt är att förbättra och förenkla arbetet med en Trackpress. Arbetet ska göras säkrare, mobilt och mer ergonomiskt för användaren. En Trackpress används för att demontera och byta masterpinne i länken på larvkedjan på en grävmaskin. Detta arbete behandlar mellansegmentet (12-45 ton) av grävmaskiner. Verktyget som används på Nevo Maskin består av tre huvudsakliga delar: en bygel som läggs ovanpå bandet, en cylinder som expanderar med hjälp av tryckluft och en kompressor som styr tryckluften. Kompletterande delar måste användas mellan länken och cylindern för att den ska nå att pressa ut masterpinnen på länken. Verktyget väger 86 kg och kan inte hanteras av en person, utan ett lyfthjälpmedel måste användas. Ibland lyfts verktyget av två personer, men detta är ytterst oergonomiskt och medför stora risker för arbetsskador. För att förbättra detta verktyg har vi arbetat efter en designprocess där faser med förstudie, litteraturstudie, idéarbete och detaljutveckling genomförts för att utveckla ett koncept. I designprocessen som används i det här projektet är en av faserna idéarbete, där vi använt oss av workshops där medlemmarna skissar, diskuterar och skriver ned idéer som kommer fram. Genom att använda oss av olika metoder och olika grupper av människor i våra workshops kunde vi få flera infallsvinklar på problemet. Vidare har vi inom de olika faserna genomfört studiebesök, användarstudier, intervjuer, marknadsundersökning och kreativa metoder för att arbeta fram ett koncept som ritades upp i NX och Inventor. Resultatet är ett utvecklat verktyg kallat Masterpusher som består av tre delar. En ram uppbyggd av två parallella plåtar, med en platta baktill där cylindern placeras mellan de två sidoplåtarna, en domkraft för positionering av hydraulcylindern i höjdled och en insats för centrering av verktyget. I botten på ramen finns två skenor för att cylindern och domkraften inte inte ska falla ned. Ett kompletterande koncept för förflyttning och transport har rekommenderats för vidareutveckling. Konceptet medger säkrare hantering och mer ergonomiskt arbetssätt. Vikten har reducerats och materialåtgången minskats. Förbättringen innebär även en minskad produktionskostnad vilket bidrar till en konkurrensfördel jämfört med de konkurrenter som finns idag. Nyckelord:  Industridesign, Teknisk design, Konstruktion, Master pin pusher, Produktutveckling,  Ergonomi, Nevo Maskin AB / This is a bachelor degree project in Industrial design engineering at Luleå University of Technology. It has been carried out at the request of Nevo Maskin AB, a company that performs service and repairs on heavy construction equipment. The project has been executed in collaboration with Sigma Industry East North in Luleå. The purpose of this project is to improve and simplify the work with a Trackpress. The work process must be made safe, mobile and ergonomic for the user. The Trackpress is a tool that is used for dismantling and replacing the master pin in the link of the caterpillar chain on excavators. The project covers the middle segment of excavators which means excavators between 12 to 45 tons and this is the most common segment of excavators repaired by Nevo Maskin AB. The Trackpress tool used by Nevo Maskin AB consists of three parts: a frame that is placed over the caterpillar chain, a hydraulic cylinder that expands by compressed air and a compressor that controls the compressed air. Supplementary parts are needed between the link and cylinder in order for it to reach the master pin, here they use whatever they have in reach. The exciting Trackpress weighs 86 kgs and cannot be lifted by one sole person, a lifting device must be used. Sometimes two people lifts it but this is not to recommend because of the great risk of injuries. To improve the Trackpress the project has been carried out through a design process with five phases of planning, feasibility study, literature study, ideation and detail development to develop a concept. in one of the phases, Ideation, we have worked with workshops where the members draw, discuss, and write down all the ideas generated. By using different methods and groups of people in the workshops we got different angles and points of view on the problem. Furthermore we have done field trips, user studies, interviews market research and creative methods to develop a concept that was drawn in NX and Inventor. The final concept consists of three parts, a frame constructed by two parallel steel plates with another plate in the rear, a jack for positioning the cylinder, which is placed on top of the jack and between the parallel plates and a additional part for centering the tool over the chain. In the bottom there are two rails that keep the jack in place. A concept for transporting the tool has been left for future development. The concept idea gives the user safer handling of the tool and a more ergonomic way of working with it. The weight and the material consumtion has been reduced. This improvement also reduces de production cost whitch gives the company an advantage against other competitors in the same segment.   Keywords: Industrial design engineering, Master pin pusher, Construction, Product development, Ergonomics, Nevo Maskin AB

O direito antitruste, atualmente ditado pela Lei 12.529 de 30 de novembro de 2011, e o direito da propriedade intelectual permeiam o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro buscando regrar condutas e procedimentos com vistas a tutelar, de um lado, a livre concorrência e, de outro, estimular a inovação e o desenvolvimento tecnológico do país. No exercício de ambos os direitos, muitas vezes observam-se conflitos, que aparentemente revelam uma contradição: a concessão de exclusividade de exploração de bens intangíveis, tais como patentes e desenhos industriais, conflita com a livre concorrência, sendo uma excludente da outra. Entretanto, essa contradição, como se verá, encontra-se superada. Em nosso sistema jurídico não há direitos absolutos que possam justificar a dominância pura e simples de um sobre o outro sem medir as consequências. O equilíbrio é buscado através da vedação legal aos abusos de direito, especialmente abusos de direito de propriedade intelectual e o exercício abusivo de poder econômico. Adicionalmente, a Constituição Federal subordina o uso da propriedade à sua função social. O presente estudo analisa as questões que envolvem esse aparente conflito e os abusos decorrentes do exercício desses direitos. O tema é introduzido com a análise da interface entre o direito da propriedade intelectual e o antitruste e as questões de direito dela decorrentes. A seguir, são analisados o abuso de direito, o abuso de poder econômico e o abuso de posição dominante, com destaque para o entendimento da existência de venda casada mesmo que o vínculo ocorra com diferimento no tempo. O estudo prossegue discorrendo sobre a livre iniciativa e a livre concorrência, bem como o instituto do desenho industrial e seu eventual uso abusivo. Também são analisados o mercado de reposição de peças e partes de produtos complexos e sua repercussão no Brasil e no exterior, e a posição do CADE sobre eventuais condutas anticompetitivas. A jurisprudência comentada ilustra as diversas posições doutrinárias acerca da matéria. O monopólio decorrente de direito de propriedade intelectual seria benéfico para a eficiência e regulação dos mercados, apesar de seus eventuais efeitos contra os interesses do consumidor? Este ensaio procura responder essa indagação, aprofundando o debate sobre o conflito entre o monopólio concedido por desenho industrial às peças de reposição de objetos complexos e a liberdade de escolha do consumidor. Oferece ainda uma proposta legislativa que visa assegurar o equilíbrio entre os direitos dos envolvidos. / The antitrust law, currently under Law 12,529, of November 30, 2011, and the intellectual property law is within the Brazilian juridical ordination, seeking to rule conducts and procedures intended to protect the free competition, on one hand, and to stimulate the innovation and technological development of the country, on the other hand. In the performance of both rights, conflicts are many times observed, which apparently reveal a contradiction: the granting of exclusivity for the exploitation of intangible goods, such as patents and industrial designs, conflicts with the free competition, excluding one another. Said contradiction, however, has been overcome, as it will be noticed. Our juridical system encompasses no absolute rights liable to justify the pure and simple dominance of one on the other, without assessing the consequences. The balance is searched by means of the legal prevention of the abuses of right, especially the abuses of the intellectual property law and the abusive exercise of the economic power. In addition, the Federal Constitution subordinates the use of property to its social function. This study analyzes the issues involving this apparent conflict and the abuses resulting from the enforcement of said rights. The theme is introduced with the analysis of the interface between the intellectual property right and the antitrust one and the resulting legal issues. Then, the abuse of right, the abuse of economic power and the abuse of the dominant position are analysed, pointing out the understanding of the existence of a tying arrangement, even though the binding occurs with deferral in time. The study proceeds by analyzing the free initiative and the free competition, as well as the industrial design institute and its eventual abusive use. The parts reposition and parts of complex products and their repercussion in Brazil and overseas, the CADE´s position as to eventual anticompetitive conducts are also analyzed. The commented jurisprudence illustrates the several opinion of jurists on this matter. Would the monopoly resulting from the intellectual property right benefit the market efficiency and regulation, despite the eventual effects against the consumer interests ? This paper seeks to reply such a question, by deepening the debate on the conflicts between the monopoly granted by industrial design to spare parts of complex objects and the consumer´s free choice. It also offers a legislative proposal intended to ensure the balance between the involved parties´ rights.

Este estudo propõe a análise de paradigmas que se contextualizam a partir dos limites dos conceitos tradicionais de design industrial. O objetivo é situar formas alternativas de design, abrindo uma reflexão sobre o seu significado e suas contribuições no que se refere a questões socioeconômicas e ambientais. O termo gambiarra - visto como uma \"técnica\" ou procedimento alternativo - é escolhido aqui para representar essas diversas práticas usadas parar configurar artefatos improvisados, porém relacionando-as à realidade brasileira. Esta idéia, quando vinculada a conceitos e proposições no que concerne ao design, provoca uma série de reflexões e questionamentos em torno da constituição destes artefatos no universo da cultura material brasileira. / This research proposes the overview of the paradigms that comes from the limits of the traditional concepts of industrial design. The objective is to study alternative types of design, introducing reflections about the meaning and their contributions to social and environment subjects. Gambiarra, a Brazilian original term, usually translated to the expression ?make do?, and seen as an alternative procedure, is used to represent those practices that provide improved artifacts, however relating them to the Brazilian reality. This idea, when related to propositions and concepts of design, contributes with a range of reflections about the constitution of these artifacts on the universe of the Brazilian material culture.