A inovação tem sido amplamente reconhecida como uma fonte essencial de vantagem competitiva para as organizações. Este estudo buscou evidenciar, sob a ótica da teoria da aprendizagem organizacional, que as empresas precisam ser capazes de recombinar e criar seus recursos por meio do comportamento de bricolagem, com a finalidade de desenvolver a inovação frugal em mercados emergentes. Assim, nesta pesquisa procurou-se responder a seguinte pergunta: A bricolagem configura-se como um antecedente da inovação frugal para empresas em mercados emergentes? Logo, neste trabalho o objetivo principal foi identificar se a bricolagem influencia no desenvolvimento da inovação frugal. Além disso, analisou-se também se a bricolagem é estimulada em contextos de crise, evidenciados em mercados emergentes pela escassez de recursos e por crises financeiras, como no caso do Brasil. Assim, na pesquisa levantou-se as seguintes hipóteses: H1: O processo de bricolagem está positivamente relacionado com a inovação frugal; H2: A inovatividade organizacional modera positivamente a relação entre bricolagem e inovação frugal; H3: Um contexto de crise estimula a utilização da bricolagem nas empresas para desenvolver recursos. Essas hipóteses foram testadas estatisticamente por meio da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais, utilizando-se uma base de dados coletados pelo método survey contendo 215 empresas no Brasil. Os resultados permitiram suportar as hipóteses H1 e H3 confirmando, respectivamente, a influência positiva da bricolagem no desenvolvimento de inovação frugal, e a influência do contexto de crise no comportamento da bricolagem. A hipótese H2 não foi confirmada, denotando que a inovatividade organizacional não necessariamente modera a relação da bricolagem com a inovação frugal. Com isso, contribuiu-se com a literatura de bricolagem e de inovação frugal, bem como estabeleceu-se uma ligação entre ambas, evidenciando a bricolagem como antecedente para desenvolver inovação frugal, principalmente em contextos de crise em mercados emergentes como o vivenciado no Brasil. / Innovation has been broadly recognized as a fundamental source of competitive advantage for organizations. This study sought to highlight, through the perspective of the organizational learning theory, that companies need to be able to recombine and create their resources through the bricolage behavior in order to develop the frugal innovation in emerging markets. Thus, in this research we tried to answer the following question: Is bricolage an antecedent of frugal innovation for companies in emerging markets? Therefore, in this work the main objective was to identify whether bricolage can influence the development of frugal innovation. In addition, it was also analyzed whether bricolage is stimulated in crisis contexts, evidenced in emerging markets due to resource scarcity and financial crises, as in the case of Brazil. In this sense, the following hypotheses were established: H1: The bricolage process is positively related to frugal innovation; H2: Organizational innovativeness positively moderates the relationship between bricolage and frugal innovation; H3: A crisis context encourages the use of bricolage in companies to develop resources. These hypotheses were statistically tested using the structural equation modeling technique, using a database collected by the survey method encompassing 215 companies in Brazil. The results allowed to support the hypothesis H1 and H3 confirming, respectively, the positive influence of bricolage in the development of frugal innovation, and the influence of the crisis context on the bricolage behavior. The hypothesis H2 was not confirmed, denoting that organizational innovativeness does not necessarily moderate the relationship between bricolage and frugal innovation. This study has contributed to the literature of bricolage and frugal innovation, as well as established a connection between both, evidencing the bricolage as antecedent to develop frugal innovation, especially in contexts of crisis in emerging markets such as experienced in Brazil

A inovação tem sido amplamente reconhecida como uma fonte essencial de vantagem competitiva para as organizações. Este estudo buscou evidenciar, sob a ótica da teoria da aprendizagem organizacional, que as empresas precisam ser capazes de recombinar e criar seus recursos por meio do comportamento de bricolagem, com a finalidade de desenvolver a inovação frugal em mercados emergentes. Assim, nesta pesquisa procurou-se responder a seguinte pergunta: A bricolagem configura-se como um antecedente da inovação frugal para empresas em mercados emergentes? Logo, neste trabalho o objetivo principal foi identificar se a bricolagem influencia no desenvolvimento da inovação frugal. Além disso, analisou-se também se a bricolagem é estimulada em contextos de crise, evidenciados em mercados emergentes pela escassez de recursos e por crises financeiras, como no caso do Brasil. Assim, na pesquisa levantou-se as seguintes hipóteses: H1: O processo de bricolagem está positivamente relacionado com a inovação frugal; H2: A inovatividade organizacional modera positivamente a relação entre bricolagem e inovação frugal; H3: Um contexto de crise estimula a utilização da bricolagem nas empresas para desenvolver recursos. Essas hipóteses foram testadas estatisticamente por meio da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais, utilizando-se uma base de dados coletados pelo método survey contendo 215 empresas no Brasil. Os resultados permitiram suportar as hipóteses H1 e H3 confirmando, respectivamente, a influência positiva da bricolagem no desenvolvimento de inovação frugal, e a influência do contexto de crise no comportamento da bricolagem. A hipótese H2 não foi confirmada, denotando que a inovatividade organizacional não necessariamente modera a relação da bricolagem com a inovação frugal. Com isso, contribuiu-se com a literatura de bricolagem e de inovação frugal, bem como estabeleceu-se uma ligação entre ambas, evidenciando a bricolagem como antecedente para desenvolver inovação frugal, principalmente em contextos de crise em mercados emergentes como o vivenciado no Brasil. / Innovation has been broadly recognized as a fundamental source of competitive advantage for organizations. This study sought to highlight, through the perspective of the organizational learning theory, that companies need to be able to recombine and create their resources through the bricolage behavior in order to develop the frugal innovation in emerging markets. Thus, in this research we tried to answer the following question: Is bricolage an antecedent of frugal innovation for companies in emerging markets? Therefore, in this work the main objective was to identify whether bricolage can influence the development of frugal innovation. In addition, it was also analyzed whether bricolage is stimulated in crisis contexts, evidenced in emerging markets due to resource scarcity and financial crises, as in the case of Brazil. In this sense, the following hypotheses were established: H1: The bricolage process is positively related to frugal innovation; H2: Organizational innovativeness positively moderates the relationship between bricolage and frugal innovation; H3: A crisis context encourages the use of bricolage in companies to develop resources. These hypotheses were statistically tested using the structural equation modeling technique, using a database collected by the survey method encompassing 215 companies in Brazil. The results allowed to support the hypothesis H1 and H3 confirming, respectively, the positive influence of bricolage in the development of frugal innovation, and the influence of the crisis context on the bricolage behavior. The hypothesis H2 was not confirmed, denoting that organizational innovativeness does not necessarily moderate the relationship between bricolage and frugal innovation. This study has contributed to the literature of bricolage and frugal innovation, as well as established a connection between both, evidencing the bricolage as antecedent to develop frugal innovation, especially in contexts of crisis in emerging markets such as experienced in Brazil

Background: The needs of the consumers seem to develop at the same rate as the technology advancements and put more pressure on firms to produce new and innovative products at a faster pace. Research has shown that external sources can have a significant effect on the firms’ innovation performance, but the results are partial contradicting and more research is needed. Purpose: Investigate customer and supplier involvement in product innovation in Swedish manufacturing firms. Delimitations: The study was carried out to manufacturing firms in Sweden, as Swedish firms are the most innovative in Europe at this point in time. Only large and medium sized firms were under investigation as larger firms are more eager to innovate than smaller firms. Method: The research had a deductive quantitative approach. The data was collected through a questionnaire sent out by e-mail and 124 firms participated in the study. After assessing validity and reliability, the hypotheses were tested by multiple and single regression analysis. Conclusions: Firms that strives to improve their new product development process should seize their customer’s knowledge and use it to co-develop new products. Another important factor was to use lead users, as these will improve the innovativeness even more than “ordinary” customers. The study found no support for early supplier integration in the new product development process.

Die Arbeit untersucht die Rolle des Wissens- und Technologietransfers in nationalen Innovationssystemen und insbesondere im Innovationsprozess. Bisher vorliegende Arbeiten zu diesem Thema behandeln entweder den Wissens- und Technologietransfer als einen eigenständigen Prozeß oder den Aufbau nationaler Innovationssysteme. Die Verbindung beider Konzepte ist Gegenstand der Arbeit.

由於網際網路的興起，網路使用人口便快速地攀升，同時帶動網際網路在商業應用的發展，以網際網路為基礎的電子商務也成為資訊社會中一種嶄新形態的商業行為。在此環境中網路競標逐漸形成一種網路消費的模式，而本研究則試圖以消費者的角度來探討網路競標此一交易的行為。 本研究從國內外的網路競標現況以及相關研究理論進行文獻的探討，經過整理後，決定以情境因素、消費者購買涉入、接受創新態度、與人口統計變數來探討消費者的網路競標意願是如何受到這些變數的影響。 本研究的主要結果發現： 1.在溝通情境下，以「產品提供的豐富性」、「產品搜尋的效率性」、和「產品資訊的豐富性」對消費者的網路競標意願最具有影響力。 2.在購買情境下，以「目標商品價格低於個人預算」與「目標商品結標期限將至」最能影響消費者的網路競標意願。 3.購買涉入程度愈高的消費者，其參與網路競標的意願也愈高。 4.創新接受態度愈高的消費者，其參與網路競標的意願也愈高。 5.曾經參加過網路競標以及每日上網時數較多的消費者，也有較高的網路競標意願。 最後根據研究結果，本研究對於競標網站的經營業者提出以下的6點建議與策略： 1.針對女性消費者的需求，提供所需商品或設計專屬網站。 2.多元的交易付款方式。 3.強化網站的使用功能與知名度。 4.熱門商品宜縮短其競標期限。 5.針對高購買涉入消費者的行銷策略。 6.吸引低創新接受態度消費者的行銷策略。 / The appearance of Internet has contributed to rapid growth of both surfer population and business applications. As a result, the Internet-based E-commerce has become a new business practices in the information society. Under the impact, the new consumption trend of online bidding is growing rapidly. This thesis takes a look into the new online transaction-online bidding in terms of the perspective of consumer behavior. This thesis compiles documents such as current foreign and domestic online bidding status, relevant researches, and related theories, to construct the operating framework on it, which is to study the impact of situational factors, consumer purchasing involvement, innovativeness, and demographic variation on online bidding intention. The following points are the major discoveries of this thesis: 1.Among all the factors of communication situation, "product variety," "efficiency in product searching," and "accessibility to product information" are the most influential factors on consumers' online bidding intention. 2.Among all the factors of purchase situation, consumers are most interested in online bidding when "prices of desired products are lower than personal budget" and "deadlines for bidding are approaching." 3.Consumers with higher purchasing involvement have higher online bidding intention than those who with lower purchasing involvement. 4.Consumers inclined to adopt innovations are more willingly to participate in online bidding. 5.Consumers who have experiences of online bidding and those who spend more time surfing on the Internet have higher intention on online bidding. Based on the findings, this thesis proposes several reference suggestions and approaches for online bidding websites. 　1.To provide products women need or establish websites designed exclusively for women. 2.To accept various ways of payment. 3.To strengthen functions and publicity of websites. 4.To shorten the bidding term of popular products. 5.The marketing strategy to attract consumers with high purchasing involvement. 6.The marketing strategy of appealing to consumers with low innovativeness.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 abenedito.pdf: 555296 bytes, checksum: d24c813a868e1b743e55942cb049c317 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The subject entrepreneurship has been gaining strength within the area of strategy, as the entrepreneurial activity represents one of the gears of economic growth and a political social and economic response of the entrepreneur¿s capital. Nevertheless, there are not many studies that investigated if entrepreneurial orientation influences firm performance in Brazil. The objective of the research is to understand and conclude on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. To achieve this objective, qualitative research through in-depth interviews with 14 managers was followed by quantitative research through data collection involving 104 managers in a heterogeneous sample of 104 companies. The research used the model of Lumpkin; Dess (1996) for entrepreneurial orientation in five dimensions (autonomy, innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness), to which two more dimensions were added: strategic alliances and market orientation ¿ that emerged during the qualitative phase of the study. As a result a generic model was obtained ¿ composed of one variable (proactiveness) which positively impacts the firm performance. Proactiveness was also the key factor that positively impacted the firm performance for the service sector and small businesses. For the commercial sector, the model was composed by three dimensions (innovativeness, risk taking and market orientation). While the industry / construction sectors showed no linear relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. Competitive aggressiveness is the key factor that impacts positively on firm performance for big companies, whereas for mediumsized companies it is the market orientation which relates positively to firm performance. Finally, there are no significant differences depending on the sector in which the firm operates or its size. / O tema empreendedorismo vem ganhando força dentro da área de estratégia, uma vez que a atividade empreendedora representa uma das engrenagens do crescimento econômico e uma resposta política, social e econômica do capital empreendedor. Apesar disso, não há muitas pesquisas que investigaram se a orientação empreendedora (OE) influencia a performance das empresas (PE) no Brasil. O objetivo da pesquisa visa compreender e concluir sobre a relação entre OE e PE. Para atingir este objetivo, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, através de entrevistas em profundidade com 14 gestores, seguida de pesquisa quantitativa, através de coleta de dados envolvendo 104 gestores de uma amostra heterogênea de 104 empresas. A pesquisa utilizou o modelo de Lumpkin; Dess (1996) para OE em cinco dimensões (autonomia [A], inovação [I], capacidade de assumir riscos [CAR], pró-atividade [PA] e competitividade agressiva [CA]), ao qual foram acrescentadas mais duas dimensões, formação de parcerias [FP] e orientação para o mercado [OM] que surgiram durante a fase qualitativa do estudo. Obteve-se um modelo genérico composto por uma variável (PA) que impacta positivamente a PE. A PA também foi o fator-chave que impactou positivamente a PE para o setor de serviços e para empresas pequenas/micro. Para o setor de comércio o modelo foi formado por três dimensões (I, CAR, OM). Enquanto o setor de indústria/construção não apresentou relação linear entre OE e PE. A CA é o fator-chave que impacta positivamente a PE para empresas grandes, ao passo que para médias é a OM que se relaciona positivamente à PE. Por fim, não existem diferenças significativas dependendo do setor em que a empresa atua ou do seu tamanho.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6192.pdf: 2977985 bytes, checksum: a581f8afdd14f56caea568b8b83a9e8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-17 / The area of Strategic Planning seeks to understand how the company creates and maintains competitive advantage, considering factors external and internal constraints. Among these, the lines of thought related to the Resource Based View, the Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning, there are the Dynamic Capabilities, necessary for enterprises to integrate, build and reconfigure internal and external competencies to respond quickly to environmental changes: absorptive capacity related to knowledge; adaptive capacity, organizational learning; and innovation capacity related to innovation and market advantage. Still under development, this recent approach to strategic management is criticized for its weakness in guiding the development and management of capacity and organizational resources. This study proposes that the integration of knowledge management, generating absorptive capacity and organizational learning, generating adaptive capacity, can foster innovation and organizational performance, and can promote indirectly, mediated by innovation, superior organizational performance generated directly, characterizing the generation of innovation capacity; and that if this performance is superior to that of competitors, featuring competitive advantage. This argument has been translated into a model of hypotheses, to contribute to the research model of dynamic capabilities developed by Wang and Ahmed (2007) by detailing how dynamic capabilities can relate and generate differential performance and innovativeness. Results of the questionnaire developed and applied to CEOs of four plants manufacturing Mato Grosso biodiesel, and a national unit of a global corporation in the auto parts industry recognized for its innovativeness and its performance was compared qualitatively to illustrate the model proposed. The results of this study reinforced the proposition and hypotheses examined in a preliminary way. From the viewpoint of view of dynamic capabilities were related the effects of integration of knowledge management and organizational learning in innovation and organizational performance , and indicated how this integration can generate differential organizational performance and innovativeness. / A área de Planejamento Estratégico procura compreender como a empresa gera e mantém vantagem competitiva, considerando fatores condicionantes externos e internos. Dentre estes, nas linhas de pensamento relacionadas à Visão Baseada em Recursos, à Gestão de Conhecimento e à Aprendizagem Organizacional, destacam-se as Capacidades Dinâmicas, necessárias para que as empresas integrem, construam e reconfigurem competências internas e externas para responder rapidamente a mudanças ambientais: capacidade absortiva, relacionada ao conhecimento; capacidade adaptativa, relacionada à aprendizagem; e a capacidade de inovação, relacionada à inovação e à vantagem de mercado. Ainda em desenvolvimento, esta recente abordagem da gestão estratégica é criticada por sua fragilidade em orientar o desenvolvimento e a gestão das capacidades e dos recursos organizacionais. Neste estudo se propõe que a integração da gestão do conhecimento, geradora da capacidade absortiva, e da aprendizagem organizacional, geradora da capacidade adaptativa, pode favorecer a inovação e o desempenho organizacional, e pode promover indiretamente, mediada pela inovação, desempenho organizacional superior ao gerado diretamente, caracterizando a geração da capacidade de inovação; e que se este desempenho for superior ao dos concorrentes, caracteriza a vantagem competitiva. Este argumento foi traduzido em um modelo de hipóteses, visando contribuir com o modelo de pesquisa das capacidades dinâmicas elaborado por Wang e Ahmed (2007) por meio do detalhamento de como as capacidades dinâmicas podem se relacionar e gerar diferenciais de desempenho e a capacidade de inovação. Resultados do questionário desenvolvido e aplicado a CEOs de quatro usinas de fabricação de biodiesel mato-grossenses, e de uma unidade nacional de uma corporação globalizada do setor de autopeças reconhecida por sua capacidade de inovação e por seu desempenho, foram comparados qualitativamente para ilustrar o modelo proposto. Os resultados reforçaram a proposição deste estudo e as hipóteses analisadas de forma preliminar. Sob a ótica da visão das capacidades dinâmicas, foram relacionados os efeitos da integração da gestão do conhecimento e da aprendizagem organizacional na inovação e no desempenho organizacional, e indicado como esta integração pode gerar diferenciais de desempenho organizacional e a capacidade de inovação.

The interest of researchers and practitioners in e-Word-of-Mouth has accelerated with the rise of social media platforms. In the last decade it became more apparent that customers are not merely recipients of product and brand information, but also active participants in shaping product and brand perceptions. However, still no comprehensive understanding of customers’ desire to engage in positive and negative e-Word-of-Mouth has been found. Therefore, this study focuses on Customer Engagement in order to provide knowledge on what makes customers engage in e-Word-of-Mouth. We narrow our study to New Product Introductions due to their crucial role in both business success and failure. In order to study this topic, quantitative methodology using big data analysis of around 20 millions tweets in total, with text analysis of around three million items, obtained from Twitter has been applied. The findings indicate that Brand Benefits and Innovativeness Level are two important aspects that impact Attitudinal Engagement which enables Customer Engagement Behavior.

Die Arbeit untersucht die Rolle des Wissens- und Technologietransfers in nationalen Innovationssystemen und insbesondere im Innovationsprozess. Bisher vorliegende Arbeiten zu diesem Thema behandeln entweder den Wissens- und Technologietransfer als einen eigenständigen Prozeß oder den Aufbau nationaler Innovationssysteme. Die Verbindung beider Konzepte ist Gegenstand der Arbeit.

近年來GPS相關產品與各項應用蓬勃發展，當中又以GPS手持裝置最受人矚目，根據各項數據顯示，GPS手持裝置的出貨量近年來呈現高度的成長，GPS手持裝置產品與其相關應用無疑是當前最具前景的產業之一。然而目前有關GPS的研究多半偏向技術為主，鮮少有研究以消費者為焦點從事研究，因此本研究將朝這個方向出發，主要探討影響消費者GPS手持裝置採用意願的相關影響因素。 本研究以科技採用模型為主要的理論依據，在經過文獻探討後將影響因素分成個人因素、社會因素與科技因素三大類，並據此發產出相關研究架構。同時本研究採用研究調查法，以北部大專以上學生為主要抽樣對象，紙本問卷與網路問卷共回收有效問卷286份。在經過資料分析後，發現個人創新性、自我效能、知覺服務可獲得性、社會影響各會以不同方式影響消費者GPS手持裝置行為採用意願。本研究並據此對實務與後續研究提出相關建議。