According to science, food allergy is a growing health problem. In home- and consumer studies (HCS), food and meals are central parts. According to the Education Act, teachers must be given professional development to create a safe environment for students.   The purpose of this study was to examine how teachers in home economics and consumer studies experienced the conditions for teaching students with food allergies. The focus was on the classroom, routines, allocated budget, and professional development.   Qualitative method was used. Nine qualified home economics teachers were interviewed based on a semi-structured question guide. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with a qualitative content analysis.   The results showed that the classroom and the economic conditions limited the teaching. The teachers felt confident in their current knowledge but were positive about continuing education. Routine improvements regarding information management and action plan are desired.     The study showed that the classroom was important for the teaching and that the few students with food allergies did not affect the budget in general. Routines around these students should be reconsidered. Basic education needs to be strengthened and teachers need to be given the opportunity for further training.

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for half of all clinical heart failure presentations, but unfortunately lacks effective therapies. Therefore, it has become more urgent to elucidate the pathophysiology underlying this disease, both by using patient data and the development of more accurate animal models. With clinical evidence suggesting that skeletal muscle abnormality is a significant factor in the development of exercise intolerance, this thesis investigates whether the salty drinking water, unilateral nephrectomy, and aldosterone (SAUNA) HFpEF mouse model also demonstrates similar skeletal muscle abnormality as seen in patients. METHODS: Eight-weeks old C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a left nephrectomy and given a mini-osmotic pump to deliver a continuous infusion of either saline (Sham) or aldosterone (HFpEF). The mice were then maintained on a standard rodent chow and a 1% sodium chloride solution. After 4 weeks, the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested. Histological analyses were performed to examine fiber composition, cross-sectional area of fiber, capillary density, and fibrosis. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analyses were performed to examine the expression changes in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, vasculature, fibrosis and inflammation. RESULTS: HFpEF mice showed significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased heart/tibia length ratio, increased wet/dry lung ratio, decreased bodyweight as well as decreased weight of soleus and gastrocnemius muscle relative to tibia length. In oxidative soleus muscle, histological analyses showed a reduction in the abundance of type 1 and type 2A oxidative fiber, reduced cross-sectional area of type 2A fiber, decreased capillary density and increased fibrosis. Molecular analyses showed alterations that are consistent with histological data as well as increased gene expression of inflammatory mediators. In glycolytic gastrocnemius muscle, histological analysis indicated cross-sectional area was reduced for type 2B fibers and increased in type 1 fibers, and decreased capillary density. However, no changes in fiber abundance or in fibrosis was observed. Molecular data was consistent with these findings and revealed an increased gene expression of inflammatory mediators CONCLUSION: Skeletal muscle in SAUNA HFpEF mice displayed significant abnormalities relative to their sham counterparts. These results thus support that SAUNA HFpEF mouse model is suitable and relevant to study skeletal muscle abnormalities and could contribute to the development of novel therapies for HFpEF. / 2025-06-21T00:00:00Z

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When violence towards fellow humans deteriorates to the extent of setting fire on others, it becomes a matter of grievous concern and a subject of empirical research. This study therefore inquires into xenophobic violence in South Africa of 2008 and tries to understand the victims‟ plight in the light of their conception of the image of God. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey among migrant victims from other African countries was conducted, analysed and critiqued. The findings established a deep feeling of animosity from a section of a South Africans with consequent loss of property, physical harm and death, as well as emotional trauma. The study deduces that such hostile treatment by hosts results from a loss of African humanity, Ubuntu. Going forward a theology of the image of God is critical for human relations in South Africa and essential for reconciliation between migrants and locals. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

O indivíduo com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 apresenta um risco de 2 a 4 vezes maior de desenvolver doença cardiovascular (DCV) quando comparado ao não-diabético, sendo que este aumento do risco para o desenvolvimento da DCV também é observado quando na intolerância à glicose (IG) que ocorre em fases mais precoces da história natural do diabetes. Atribui-se ser a presença da síndrome metabólica (SM), que ocorre na maioria dos pacientes com DM2 e IG, um fator importante para o desenvolvimento da DCV nestes indivíduos. Dos componentes da SM, inúmeros estudos destacam a dislipidemia como um dos principais fatores para este risco. A dislipidemia comumente encontrada na IG é caracterizada por hipertrigliceridemia, baixo HDL-C e presença de LDL pequena e densa. Entretanto, como a elevação dos níveis séricos do LDL-C associada ao surgimento de aterosclerose prematura em indivíduos não diabéticos na maioria das vezes não é observada em pacientes com IG, questiona-se se outras alterações do metabolismo lipídico, tais como alterações da cinética do colesterol ou a transferência de lípides das lipoproteínas para a HDL, poderiam estar relacionadas ao maior risco cardiovascular nestes pacientes. Estudo prévio, utilizando uma nanoemulsão lipídica artificial de LDL, verificou uma remoção mais rápida do colesterol na forma livre em pacientes normolipidêmicos com doença arterial coronária (DAC) quando comparada com controles. No presente estudo, utilizou-se a nanoemulsão lipídica artificial para avaliar se esses dois processos envolvidos no metabolismo da LDL e da HDL estão alterados em pacientes com intolerância à glicose que os predispõem à DAC, relacionando estes resultados com fatores de risco cardiovasculares, tais como a resistência à insulina, a obesidade e a dislipidemia. Para tanto, foram estudados 14 pacientes com IG e 15 controles, sem manifestação clínica de DCV, que não utilizam antidiabéticos orais e hipolipemiantes, comparados com controles pareados para idade, sexo, raça, IMC, tabagismo, consumo de álcool, prática de atividade física e doenças associadas. Para o estudo cinético, a nanoemulsão marcada foi injetada endovenosamente e amostras de sangue coletadas ao longo de 24h para a determinação da radioatividade, das curvas de decaimento plasmático e da taxa fracional de remoção (TFR) dos lípides marcados a partir de um modelo de análise compartimental. Foi medida a taxa de esterificação do 3Hcolesterol livre da nanoemulsão no plasma e avaliada a transferência in vitro de lípides da nanoemulsão para a fração HDL. A resistência à insulina foi estimada pelo modelo matemático de homeostase glicêmica (HOMA) e a adiposidade abdominal por tomografia computadorizada de abdômen. A concentração plasmática de colesterol total, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglicérides e de apolipoproteínas não diferiu entre os grupos. O perfil antropométrico relacionado ao peso, IMC e circunferência abdominal foi semelhante entre os grupos. O grupo IG apresentou maior concentração de insulina de jejum (p=0,01), menor sensibilidade à insulina (p<0,01) e maior índice de resistência à insulina (p<0,01). A TFR 14C-EC foi similar nos dois grupos, porém a TFR 3H-CL foi mais rápida no grupo IG comparado com controle (p=0,04). A porcentagem de esterificação do 3H-colesterol da nanoemulsão bem como a transferência de lípides da nanoemulsão para a fração HDL foram semelhantes entre os grupos. A remoção mais rápida do 3H-colesterol livre mostra que ocorreu uma dissociação das partículas de colesterol da nanoemulsão lipídica nos pacientes com intolerância à glicose. Essa dissociação do colesterol pode refletir alterações no metabolismo intravascular da lipoproteína LDL, as quais podem favorecer a aterogênese nesses pacientes / Individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 are 2 to 4 times more susceptible to cardiovascular disease (CVD) than non-diabetic individuals. This increased risk is also observed for glucose intolerance (GI) which appears in the initial stages of diabetes. The presence of the metabolic syndrome (MS), present in most DM2 and GI patients, is also an important factor contributing to the development of CVD in these individuals. Various MS component studies emphasize dyslipidemia as one of the main contributors for this risk factor. The dyslipidemia commonly associated to GI is characterized by hypertriglyciridemia, low HDL-C and the presence of a small and dense LDL. However, since associated LDL-C levels with the development of premature atherosclerosis in non diabetic individuals is for the most part not observed in GI patients, it is questioned whether other lipid metabolism alterations such as cholesterol kinetics or the lipid transfer to HDL could be related to a greater CVD risk in these individuals. A previous study using an artificial LDL nanoemulsion showed a faster removal rate of the free cholesterol in normolipidemic with coronary artery disease (CAD) patients when compared to control individuals. In this study an artificial lipid nanoemulsion was used to evaluate both these processes involved in the metabolism of LDL and HDL which are both altered in patients with GI that expose them to CAD, and relating the results to CVD factors such as insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia. 14 GI and 15 control individuals participated in this study. All without manifestations of CVD, none using any oral antidiabetic medication or hypolipimeants, paired for age, sex, race, BMI, smoking, alcoholic consumption, physical activity and comorbidities. For the kinetic study, a labeled nanoemulsion was interveneously injected and blood samples collected at determined intervals over a 24 hour period to determine the radiactive plasma decay curves and fractional clearance rate (FCR) of the labeled nanoemulsion lipids through a compartmental analysis model. Plasma esterification rate of the 3H-free cholesterol of the nanoemulsion was measured as was the in vitro transfer from the nanoemulsion to HDL fraction. Insulin resistance was obtained by the glycemic homeostasis mathematical model (HOMA) and abdominal adipose by a computerized tomography of the abdomen. No differences were observed for total cholesterol plasmatic concentrations, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides or apolipoproteins between the two groups. The anthropometric profile related to weight, BMI and abdominal circumference was similar for both groups. The GI group presented higher fasting insulin concentration (p=0.01), less insulin sensitivity (p=0.01) and a greater insulin resistance (p=0.01). The TFR 14C-CE was similar in both groups, although the TFR 3H-CL was faster in the GI group compared to the control group (p=0.04). The esterification percentage of the nanoemulsions 3H-colesterol, as well as the lipid transfer from the nanoemulsion to HDL fraction were similar for both groups. The faster 3H-free cholesterol removal shows that a dissociation of the cholesterol particles of the lipidic nanoemulsion occurred in those patients with GI. This dissociation could possibly reflect alterations in the intravascular LDL lipoprotein metabolism which in turn, may favor atherogenesis in these patients

A exacerbação da beligerância contra as religiões afro-brasileiras, seus adeptos e símbolos, é uma das faces do pentecostalismo que nas últimas duas décadas e meia tem ganho amplo destaque no debate público brasileiro. Blogueiros e jornalistas, militantes do movimento negro e de outros movimentos sociais, assim como delegados, advogados, juízes, sociólogos e antropólogos têm participado ativamente desse fenômeno que já possui agenda própria de investigação nas ciências sociais desde a década de 1990. Observar como os cientistas sociais abordaram este tema até o final da década de 2000 e analisar um estudo de caso, também ocorrido no final desta década, são os principais empreendimentos que esta investigação visa realizar. Para tanto, construo no corpo deste trabalho duas partes inter-relacionadas que analisam algumas faces deste tema de pesquisa que ficou conhecido como \"o conflito entre adeptos das religiões pentecostais e afro-brasileiras\" na esfera pública brasileira. Na primeira parte desta investigação, constituída na forma de um balanço teórico, procuro apresentar como os termos \"guerra santa\" e \"intolerância religiosa\" são centrais nos principais trabalhos que versaram sobre o tema ou o tangenciaram de tal forma que contribuíram para a constituição desse fenômeno com uma agenda própria. Na segunda parte desta investigação tomo como objeto privilegiado de pesquisa um estudo de caso exemplar do conflito entre pentecostais e religiões afro-brasileiras, ocorrido em junho de 2008 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, quando quatro jovens \"invadem\" um centro espírita no bairro do Catete, suscitando amplo debate sobre o tema, que tem na prática discursiva dos mais diversos atores sociais a presença constante dos termos \"intolerância religiosa\", \"liberdade religiosa\" e \"liberdade de expressão religiosa\" / The exacerbation of belligerence against afro-brazilian religions, their churchgoers and symbols, is one of the faces of pentecostalism in the past two and half decades has ample prominence in brazilian public debate. Bloggers and journalists, militant black movement and other social movements, as well as delegates, lawyers, judges, sociologists and anthropologists have actively participated in this phenomenon that already gets its own research agenda in the social sciences since the 1990s. Investigate how social scientists have addressed this phenomenon until the late 2000s and analyze a case study are the main projects that this research aims to accomplish. To do so, this work get two interdependent parties who seek to analyze some faces of this theme of research that became known as \"the conflict between adherents of pentecostal and afro-brazilian religions\" in the brazilian public sphere. In the first part of this investigation, constituted as a state-of-the-art, I try to make it clear that the terms \"guerra santa\" and \"religious intolerance\" are central to the principal investigations of around the theme, which contributed to the establishment of this phenomenon with its own research agenda in the social sciences . In the second part of this research, I take as a privileged object of research a case study example of the conflict between pentecostals and afro-brazilian religions occurred in June 2008 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, when four young \"invade\" a spiritualist center in Catete, generating widespread debate on the issue, which has in the discursive practice of many social actors the centrality of the terms \"religious intolerance\", \"religious liberty\" and \"freedom of religious expression\"

Consultórios Gramaticais são textos metalingüísticos formados por perguntas e respostas sobre as regras prescritas pela gramática tradicional. Esse gênero discursivo, veiculado no início do século XX na mídia impressa, atualmente, é propagado também na internet, todavia, os consultórios gramaticais da internet, ao mudarem de suporte, não se modificaram suficientemente para serem considerados um novo gênero. Assim, podem ser classificados como um gênero tradicional com suporte digital. Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo caracterizar os consultórios gramaticais como gênero discursivo, observar o discurso metalingüístico presente nos enunciados desse gênero e levantar as marcas de intolerância e preconceito lingüísticos nos enunciados dos consultórios gramaticais. Utilizamos como método de pesquisa a Análise do Discurso e como base teórica a Teoria da Enunciação e a Teoria dos Gêneros Textuais. Os principais autores referidos neste trabalho são: Maingueneau (2004); Authier-Revuz (1990) e Bakhtin (1992). O corpus para a pesquisa é composto por consultórios gramaticais impressos no início do século XX e por consultórios digitais, veiculados atualmente na internet. Os consultórios do início do século XX que foram analisados neste trabalho são de autoria de Candido de Figueiredo, Napoleão Mendes de Almeida e Mário Barreto. Já os sites com seções de consultas gramaticais que foram utilizados para a pesquisa são Sua Língua de Cláudio Moreno, Por Trás das Letras, de Hélio Consolaro e Gramática On Line de Dílson Catarino. Com a pesquisa, confirmou-se a hipótese de que as marcas de preconceito e intolerância lingüísticos é uma característica do gênero consultório gramatical. / Consultórios Gramaticais are metalinguistics texts constituted by questions and answers about rules dictated by the traditional grammar. This gender of discourse, popular in the early 20th century among readers of printed media, today, is propagated also in the internet, however, the \'consultórios gramaticais\' in the internet, when changed their media support, don\' t changed themselves sufficiently to be considered another gender. Therefore, they may be classified how a traditional gender with digital media support. The main aim of this dissertation is to charaterize the \'consultórios gramaticais\' how a gender of discourse, to observe the metalinguistic discourse in the enunciations of this gender and to make evident the linguistic intolerance and preconception marks in the enunciations of the \'consultórios gramaticais\'. The research method we used was the Discourse Analysis; the theoretical basements were the Enunciation theory and the Theory of the textual genders. Mainguenau (2004); Authier-Revuz (1990) and Bakthin (1992) are among the main works studied here. The corpus for the resarch is compound by printed \'consultórios gramaticais\' in the early 20th century and by digital \'consultórios gramaticais\' found recently on internet. The \'consultórios gramaticais\' of the early 20th century that were analysed in this work were compound by Cândido de Figueiredo, Napoleão Mendes de Almeida and Mario Barreto.The sites with sections of grammatical questions that were used in this resarch were \'Sua língua\', found by Cláudio Moreno, \'Por trás das letras\", by Hélio Consolaro and \'Gramática on line\' by Dilson Catarino. This research has confirmed the hypothesis that the linguistic preconceptions and intolerance marks are a characteristic of the \'consultórios gramaticais\' gender.

Byggnadsrelaterad ohälsa (BRO) är ett tillstånd som utgörs av en intolerans för vissa byggnader eller delar av byggnader som yttrar sig genom besvärande ospecifika symtom. I tidigare studier har psykisk ohälsa visat sig vara en riskfaktor för BRO men det finns ännu få studier som undersöker detta. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur utbrändhet, depression, ångest och stress, definierat som psykiskt lidande, ser ut hos personer med olika svårighetsgrader av BRO. Svårighetsgrad av BRO definieras på två sätt. Dels utifrån hur många symtomgrupper (fördelade i; slemhinne-, hud- och allmänsymtom) deltagarnas symtom ingår i. Dels utifrån hur stora besvär av BRO-symtomen deltagarna skattar att de har. Studien var en enkätstudie med 106 deltagare inklusive kontrollgrupp, rekryterade från sin företagshälsovård och arbetsplats. Deltagarna arbetade på Norrlands Universitetssjukhus i Umeå eller Skellefteå lasarett. Resultatet visade att det var signifikant fler i gruppen med svår BRO som uppnådde gränsvärdet för svår utbrändhet (4.47). Gruppen med svår BRO skattade signifikant högre än samtliga andra grupper gällande utbrändhet och signifikant högre än kontrollgruppen gällande depression. Alla delar av psykiskt lidande hade signifikanta positiva korrelationer med intensitet av besvär av BRO-symtom. Resultaten indikerar att psykiskt lidande, i synnerhet utbrändhet och till viss del depression, är associerat till stigande svårighetsgrad av BRO. / Building related intolerance (BRI) is a condition with disturbing and unspecified symptoms attributed to certain buildings or parts of buildings. In previous research mental ill-health has been identified as a risk factor for BRI, but the studies investigating this are still few. The general aim of the current study was to investigate how burnout, depression, anxiety and stress, defined as psychological distress, is constituted among people with different levels of severity of BRI. Level of severity was defined in two different ways. As number of BRI-symptoms (distributed into three groups; mucosal, skin and general symptoms) and as intensity ratings of suffering from BRI-symptoms. The data was collected through a questionnaire answered by 106 participants including a control group. Participants were recruited from their occupational health care and their workplace. The participants worked at the university hospital of Umeå or the hospital in Skellefteå. The results showed that there were significantly more people that reached a cut-off for severe burnout (4.47), in the group with severe BRI. The group with severe BRI rated significantly higher than all other groups regarding burnout and significantly higher than a control group regarding depression. All parts of psychological distress had a significant positive correlation with measures of suffering from BRI-symptoms. The results indicates that psychological distress, burnout in particular and partially depression, is associated with increasing severity levels of BRI.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Antonio Encinas Manfre Filho.pdf: 730574 bytes, checksum: 39f8b7490db16b47db424c82c5043445 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / The scope of this study refers to the processing of the offense from qualifying insult by prejudice specified in the third paragraph of Article 140 of the Criminal Code, based on historical approaches regarding the entitlement to honor, in constitutional legal seat and over the treatment given to offense of libel through the prevailing criminal law degrees in Brazil, we even include the steady the current forecast the Criminal Code. Also, issues to consider as the practice of such conduct, although driven by the breach of subjective honor of the offended individual part may project the effects with respect to that legal interest, well as an unknown group of people, echoing on a wider scale at the community. Further more as a result of advance human media, such as the case with the Internet aspects that allows you to admit the idea of mishandling to collective honors. Based upon these premises, they are also seen deployments, such as the possibility, through the injury, express themselves an intolerance scope and hate aspect into vogue nowadays even more owing to racially issue, prejudiced, involved in such way of behaving . Eventually, based on the assumption proportionality, to veneer of the necessity of effective protection from legal assets, admitting themselves changes in legislation, in case concerning the criminal action aimed at the processing from a discriminatory insult / O escopo deste trabalho se refere ao tratamento do delito de injúria qualificada pelo preconceito, previsto no parágrafo terceiro do artigo 140 do Código Penal, pautado em abordagens históricas acerca do direito a honra, em sede constitucional, bem como sobre o tratamento dado ao crime de injúria ao longo dos diplomas penais vigentes no Brasil, até se chegar à previsão atual constante do Código Penal. Ainda, aborda-se como a prática dessa conduta, embora alicerçada pela violação da honra subjetiva do ofendido, aspecto individual, pode projetar as consequências em relação a esse interesse jurídico também de um grupo indeterminado de pessoas, reverberando em maior escala na coletividade, ainda mais em virtude do avanço dos meios de comunicação humanos, como é o caso da Internet, aspectos que permitem seja admitida a noção de maltrato a uma honra coletiva. Com base nesses pressupostos, também são vistos desdobramentos, como a possibilidade de, por meio da injúria, expressar-se escopo de intolerância e ódio, aspecto em voga nos dias atuais, ainda mais devido à questão racial, preconceituosa, envolvida nessa forma de comportamento. Por fim, calcado no postulado da proporcionalidade, na faceta da necessidade de proteção efetiva de bens jurídicos, admitirem-se mudanças na legislação, no caso, a respeito da ação penal voltada ao processamento do delito de injúria discriminatória

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:49:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OSCAR VASCONCELOS DE SOUZA FILHO.pdf: 477566 bytes, checksum: ff4218068ef59a8cfc5da74684e0e0bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-22 / This dissertation is the result of a study, in the municipality of Anápolis, in the current context of Religious Education in a pluralistic world. Proposes an alternative process in leading people to maturity in open criticism, in a process which leads to learning more pleasurable. The starting point is the ecumenical attitude with the corner stone of the constitutional construction of religious freedom and Religious Education, which is a mere consequence of religious freedom. The work concludes that the nonproselytism promotes a civilization through social harmony. / Esta dissertação é o resultado de estudo, no município de Anápolis, no atual contexto do Ensino Religioso num mundo cada vez mais pluralista. Propõe como alternativa o processo de levar pessoas a uma maturidade dentro de uma abertura crítica, num processo que torne o aprendizado mais prazeroso possível. O ponto de partida é a atitude ecumênica como pedra fundamental da construção constitucional da liberdade religiosa e do Ensino Religioso, o qual é uma mera conseqüência da liberdade religiosa. O trabalho conclui que o não-proselitismo promove a civilização através da harmonia social.