Unemployment and long term unemployment is a reality for a large number of people in Sweden. This may be the result of structural changes in the labor market, but involves a wide range of issues. Along with other actors, the social services are obliged to support the long term unemployed to find a job. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the work done by social workers towards the long term unemployed, 25-49 years old, in two municipalities. We performed altogether six qualitative interviews. In each municipality we selected two social workers and the head of the work unit. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. We used a social constructionist perspective and organizational theory for the analysis. Results show that the social workers believe that they have almost twice as many clients as they can handle with a good quality in social work. We also present, in the study that a considerable coordination with other units of the social services and other authorities is taking place, but that the social workers are partly negative towards its functioning.

<p>Innehåll: Peer-to-peer är idag en teknik som i de flesta fall förknippas med fildelning.</p><p>I detta arbete har vi försökt klargöra vilka andra möjligheter tekniken erbjuder för företag och i dessa möjligheter försökt hitta fördelar och nackdelar med tekniken. Klient-server är en vanlig teknik idag bland företag och i arbetet undersöks om peer-to-peer kan vara en möjlig konkurrent till denna teknik.</p><p>Syftet med rapporten är att se om det finns intresse bland företagen att använda sig av de möjligheter som peer-to-peer tekniken erbjuder samt att undersöka hur den skulle kunna användas.</p> / <p>Contents: Peer-to-peer is a technique that is most often associated with file sharing. In this thesis we try to examine what other possibilities the technique has to offer to companies, and in these possibilities, determine pros and cons. Client-server is a common technique today, especially amongst companies, and in this thesis we study if peer-to-peer can be a possible competitor to this technique. The purpose with the study is to see if companies are interested in using the possibilities offered in the peer-to-peer technique and how these possibilities could be used in a company.</p>

Studiens syfte är att belysa klientens bedömning om boendestödets relevans i vardagen. Studien stöds av teoretiska perspektiv som besvarar frågan om hur klienten upplever vardagliga aktiviteter, meningsfull sysselsättning. I motsättning till klientens bedömning beskriver boendestödjarna deras syn på meningsfull sysselsättning och vardagliga aktiviteter. Syftet för studien uppnås genom en kvalitativ studie och baseras på intervjuer om hur klienten och boendestödjarens upplever boendestödets relevans i vardagen. I studien har fyra olika klienter och två boendestödjare (i åldrarna 29-60 år) intervjuats. Klienterna har psykiska och fysiska sjukdomar och har haft boendestöd i minst 3 år. Vid analys av intervjumaterialet har vi använt oss av verksamhetsteorin. Det perspektivet är samhällsvetenskapligt inriktat och studerar hur människan på olika sätt är beroende av verksamheter för att kunna hantera vardagen.   För att stärka vår teori har vi använt oss av ett teoretiskt perspektiv KASAM (känsla av sammanhang. Därefter har vi valt att stärka empirin och våra teoretiska perspektiv med två avhandlingar i den tidigare forskningen. Genom tidigare forskning kan förklaring ges till hur olika faktorer påverkar människor med psykiska funktionsnedsättningar, likväl som en förståelse för hur klienten upplever meningsfull sysselsättning, aktivitet och boendestöd som relevant för deras vardag.   För att kunna analysera intervjumaterialet valdes två strategier, meningskategorisering och meningstolkning. Utifrån dessa två strategier omformades sex teman till tre som sedan presenteras i resultatet. Analysen visar att boendestödet har en stor betydelse för att klienterna ska uppnå meningsfull sysselsättning, arbete och aktivitet i vardagen. Samtliga klienter har bra kontakt med sina boendestödjare och känner en trygghet samt gemenskap till dem.

Syftet med studien är att få en ökad förståelse för hur socialsekreterare upplever bemötande och makt i mötet mellan socialsekreterare och familjer med migrationsbakgrund. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Intervjumaterialet bygger på intervjuer med sju socialsekreterare som arbetar på ett socialkontor i en medelstor kommun i Sverige med inriktning på barn- och familjefrågor. Uppsatsen fokus ligger på studiens två centrala teman: Bemötande och Makt. Vi har i vår studie kommit fram till att bemötandet har en stor betydelse för förtroendet och relationen mellan socialtjänsten och familjer med migrationsbakgrund. Att bemöta familjerna med respekt och nyfikenhet ansåg socialsekreterarna som viktigt liksom användandet av en skicklig tolk. Reflektionerna kring makt varierade bland socialsekreterarna. Några upplevde en slags trygghet gällande sin maktposition till följd av de lagar som styr arbetet medan några inte reflekterade över maktförhållandet alls. Vad som även framkom var betydelsen av kulturförtrogenhet, det vill säga att ha kompetens och förståelse för olika kulturer. Det kan även vara en fördel för klientrelationen om socialsekreteraren har en liknande bakgrund som den aktuella familjen. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån maktperspektivet samt tidigare forskning som berört studiens ämne. Till skillnad från den redan befintliga forskningen bidrar denna studie med socialsekreterares egna perspektiv utifrån en svensk kontext. / The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of how, encounter and the use of authority, affect the meetings between social secretaries and families with foreign backgrounds from a social secretary's standpoint. We conducted a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews as our data collection method. The interview material is based on interviews with seven social workers working at a social welfare office in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden focusing on child and family issues. The thesis is based on the study's two central themes: Encounter and Authority. We have found in our study that having a positive attitude has a great impact on building confidence and a meaningful relationship between social services and families with migration backgrounds. By treating families with respect, having an open mind and using a skilled interpreter, social workers felt this gave a positive response. The reflections around authority varied among social workers. Some experienced a sort of reassurance regarding their position of authority as a result of the laws governing their work while some do not reflect on the balance of power at all. What also emerged from the study was the importance of cultural familiarity, that is, to have the skills of understanding of different cultures. It can also be an advantage for client relationship if the social worker has a similar background to that of the family. The empirical data have been analyzed from the perspective of authority and previous research that has dealt with the study topic. Unlike existing research studies this study deals with the experiences of social secretaries and has a Swedish context.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur elever ser på elevinflytande i praktiken, dvs. var de uppfattar att elevinflytande kommer till uttryck, vilka som agerar i dessa sammanhang, vilka frågor elevinflytandet gäller samt vad elever gör då de upplever att de inte får gehör för sitt inflytandebehov. Dessutom är syftet, mot bakgrund av ovanstående, att utröna om alla elever kan påverka sin skolvardag i samma utsträckning. Uppsatsen bygger på intervjuer med sju kvinnor och sju män, alla elever på tre olika gymnasieskolor. Det är framförallt i ett forum, närmare bestämt den elevorganiserade deltagardemokratin i skolornas korridorer, korridorkulturen, som eleverna är aktiva vad gäller elevinflytandearbete. Där sker diskussioner gällande elevinflytande, planering av agerande, liksom agerande i elevgenererade inflytandefrågor såsom veckoschema och examinationssätt. Andra fora där elevinflytande utövas är de personalorganiserade deltagardemokratiska kurssamråden samt klassråden. Kurssamråden utgörs av samråd mellan lärare och elever vad gäller lektionernas innehåll, arbetssätt samt examinationssätt. Klassråden ger elevinflytande i frågor gällande provschema och den fysiska arbetsmiljön. Den dialogpartner som i de allra flesta fallen nämns är läraren. Rektor och övrig personal upplevs som mycket avlägsna i elevinflytandesammanhang. Detta gäller dock inte för de elever som är representanter i personalorganiserat representativt råd. Dessa upplever tvärtom att de har ett reellt inflytande.

<p>Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur elever ser på elevinflytande i praktiken, dvs. var de uppfattar att elevinflytande kommer till uttryck, vilka som agerar i dessa sammanhang, vilka frågor elevinflytandet gäller samt vad elever gör då de upplever att de inte får gehör för sitt inflytandebehov. Dessutom är syftet, mot bakgrund av ovanstående, att utröna om alla elever kan påverka sin skolvardag i samma utsträckning. Uppsatsen bygger på intervjuer med sju kvinnor och sju män, alla elever på tre olika gymnasieskolor.</p><p>Det är framförallt i ett forum, närmare bestämt den elevorganiserade deltagardemokratin i skolornas korridorer, korridorkulturen, som eleverna är aktiva vad gäller elevinflytandearbete. Där sker diskussioner gällande elevinflytande, planering av agerande, liksom agerande i elevgenererade inflytandefrågor såsom veckoschema och examinationssätt. Andra fora där elevinflytande utövas är de personalorganiserade deltagardemokratiska kurssamråden samt klassråden. Kurssamråden utgörs av samråd mellan lärare och elever vad gäller lektionernas innehåll, arbetssätt samt examinationssätt. Klassråden ger elevinflytande i frågor gällande provschema och den fysiska arbetsmiljön. Den dialogpartner som i de allra flesta fallen nämns är läraren. Rektor och övrig personal upplevs som mycket avlägsna i elevinflytandesammanhang. Detta gäller dock inte för de elever som är representanter i personalorganiserat representativt råd. Dessa upplever tvärtom att de har ett reellt inflytande.</p>

The topic of my Dissertation is a role of a nurse in subsequent care at a patient after reimplantation of a total coxe endoprosthesis. The aim of this Dissertation is to find whether nurses provide patients with specific (medical) intervention (after reimplantation of a total coxe endoprosthesis) according to the diagnosis for care or in a standard way according to the performed act. Another aim was to find specific needs of patients (after reimplantation of total coxe endoprosthesis) and to create a plan of care, as possible. The last aim is to find whether patients after reimplantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis are provided with sufficient information about prevention of possible complications.To gain the necessary data, quantity research in combination with quality one was carried out. The hypothesis that nurses provide nursing intervention in a standard way, no matter if patients are after a primary implantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis or after a reimplantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis, was not proved. The other hypothesis, that nurses does not differ nursing care of clients after a reimplantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis from nursing care of clients after a primary implantation of a total coxa endoprosthesis, was not proved.

Children who grow up in dysfunctional families where they do not have required educational care and model are nowadays focused as frequented. The number of reasons why is a child on the edge of parents´ interests is increasing. Those children are exposed to risky factors much more than the others, because they lack of protection and an educational model. Society´s reaction to this situation is building Low Threshold Institutions which offer ambulatory or filed services to children or youngsters who are endangered by social exclusion. In a theoretical part, there is a comprehensive introduction of issues connected with these building Low Threshold Institutions for children and youngsters (NZDM further). These issues are clearly arranged into chapters which represent legislative fixing of NZDM, its rules and standards. A history of NZDM which has been developed in the Czech Republic dynamically since the 90s to a present form is a part of another chapter. Principles of NZDM, inner rules of provided services, employees and their personal dispositions, education and ethical norms are also describes, as well as services and activities of NZDM which are mainly of advisory and preventive character. The last chapter deals with a target group, which is affected by inner factors primarily developmental psychology of potential clients and outer factors which are socialization ones. A research is based on a qualitative approach where a point of view of the target group on NZDM Srdíčko Jiloro was found out with the aid of data fixing. Another points of interest was employees´ point of view, their professional perception of provided services. Last but not least, subjective view of NZDM from some clients´ parents was put into the research, too. The first aim of the thesis was to find out whether and which relevance the services of NZDM Srdíčko Jiloro have got for the clients. The second one was to identify how the work with clients is going on (e.g. contact work, work with educational situations, motivational dialogues and work with drug themes). Under the terms of an empirical thesis part are introduced data which were gathered into following results NZDM Srdíčko Jiloro has got its own irreplaceable role in the area of Okružní, but the clients are not aware of the fact that NZDM has got any influence on them. They do not use any other alternatives for spending their free time. There are 40 clients and only 2 social workers every day. Clients do not talk about their problems, they say they do not need help. Advantages are that social workers learn with them, help them with their homework, etc. They are also aware of using of leisure time activities and workshops. Social workers and information in files and records of services and activities prove that clients have got problems. These are mostly very grave and that is another reason why Okružní has got its important role. Social workers provide especially consulting, information and situational service, preventive and educational programmes, work with close relatives, etc. Professionals in NZDM and Rehabilitation and Activation Service Sasanka work with whole families and they try to offer complex support and help. Social workers guide clients through their childhood and maturing, they are becoming their guides and mentors, they lead them to positive changes and have got mainly socialization and educative effect. Work with the clients in Okružní is more hectic than in other NZDMs. I think it is primarily because the social workers want to offer services to a maximal number of clients but with the lack of employees and time. Leisure time activities are going on in an ordinary way, but work with children and youngsters in a social unacceptable area needs specific professional and human attitudes and approaches. Because of poor personal sources are social workers forced to a negative trend provide services rather in a quantitative than in a qualitative way.

This final thesis is focused on analysing the support of cognitive development of the clients of a social services centre through its activities which are aimed at a concrete target group senior citizens. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether the senior citizens' cognitive skills are developed through these activities or whether these activities have other meanings for the clients. Another aim is to find out whether the criteria concerning development of cognitive skills, the way they were defined by Reuven Feuerstein, are fulfilled. Another part of the thesis is also a description of the activities held by the social services centre so that a reader could understand the results better.

The main objective of this work was to find out how social workers perceive a significant legislative change, which relates to the client's legal capacity. The secondary objective was to determine what role social workers have in the process of "client self-management" and how these clients, respectively, their guardians work together. The research was based on conducting interviews with social workers within the South Bohemian Region who are working with clients with limited self-esteem. The conversations were subsequently overwritten and encoded. Depending on the individual codes, the categories were created, which were then shown for a better overview of graphically using diagrams. The opinion of social workers on the legislative change was positive, but this change is still not fully implemented. Decisions on people without them still prevail. The supportive measures to replace the limitations in the lawfulness are virtually absent in practice. It is difficult to look for a solution to this situation, as the creation of new legislation lasted for many years, so it can be assumed that the change in practice will also be evident after several years. The role of a social worker is not very significant according to research. As far as the course of the proceedings is concerned, the social worker does not interfere with it, but rather acts as a client support or a guardian's guardian. When working with clients with limited authority, an individual approach to each individual is important as well as cooperation with the family, in most cases the family member acts as a guardian. Good cooperation between the social worker and the guardian is related to the welfare of the client. The most important and still neglected fact remains that society must accept individuals with disabilities as well as their rights to freedom, independent decision-making and ultimately a happy life.