Diss. Luleå : Luleå tekniska univ., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Sammanfattning: SAAB Communication i Linköping sysslar med konsultverksamhet mot ett flertal nationella och internationella företag inom både den civila och militära sektorn. Fokus ligger på flyget med uppdrag inom telesystem, radiosystem, signaturanpassning, EMC, atmosfärisk påverkan mm. I det sistnämnda ingår även kosmisk strålnings inverkan på elektronik. Den fortsatta miniatyriseringen av elektronik, speciellt minneselektronik leder till ökad känslighet mot den kosmiska partikelstrålningen som ständigt regnar ner på jorden, därför är det extra noga att minnen testas innan de sätts i bruk vid flygburna system. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att konstruera en provplattform som registrerar fel som uppkommer i ett DDR2 SDRAM minne vid påverkan av den ovannämnda strålningen. Detta examensarbete är en vidareutveckling av en provplattform baserad på en FPGA – lösning. Eftersom denna provplattform saknade stöd för den snabbare minnestypen DDR2 SDRAM, blev syftet med detta examensarbete att ta fram en ny plattform som stödjer denna typ av minne. Den nya provplattformen är en PowerPC baserad lösning från Freescale Semiconductor®. Provplattformen kommer att anslutas till en PC som kör ett program som analyserar antalet detekterade minnesfel, typ av fel samt hur många neutroner minnet har blivit utsatt för under testet. Mjukvaruutvecklingen implementeras i programmeringsspråken assembler samt C. Innan testet av minnet påbörjas, fylls minnet med ett förbestämt bitmönster, om förändringar av bitmönstret sker vid bestrålning av minnet kommer dessa ändringar att registreras tillsammans med den minnesadress där felet inträffade. Abstract: SAAB Communication in Linköping offers consulting toward several national and international companies, both within the civilian and the military market. Focus is in the field of avionics and deals with telecommunication system, radio system, signature adaption, EMC, atmospheric impact etc. The later also includes the influence of cosmic radiation in electronics. The oncoming miniaturisation of electronics, especially within the memory fields causes an increased susceptibility of cosmic radiation that constantly hits our planet, therefore it is of great importance that memories is to be tested before used in airborne systems. The purpose of this thesis is to construct a test platform in order to register faults that occur in a DDR2 SDRAM memory under influence of the mentioned radiation. This thesis is further development of a test platform previously based on a FPGA – solution. Since this test platform had not to support for the more rapidly type of memory as DDR2 SDRAM, the purpose of this thesis became to develop a new platform with support for this type of memory. This new test platform is based on PowerPC from Freescale Semiconductor® The test platform will be connected to a PC running a program that counts the number of detected memory faults, recognises a type of error and records the number of neutrons that the memory has been exposed to during the test. The software is implemented in the programming languages assembler and C. The tested memory will be loaded with a predetermined bit pattern before the test begins, if a change in the bit pattern is detected during exposure of radiation, these faulty bit patterns will be registered together with the memory address where the error has occurred. / Andreas Skoglund Gustav adolfsg. 4 58220 Linköping 0739-230620 ti00ask@student.bth.se, andreas.skoglund@gmail.com, andreas.skoglund@saabgroup.com

In this paper I will present the concept of cosmic horror through the author H. P.Lovecraft and the philosophical perspective of cosmicism. Thereafter I examine some theoretical approaches of a dark pedagogy, and showcase a dark pedagogical curriculum. I shall then analyse the short story The Colour Out of Space, and the mini-series Chernobyl in order to explore themes of cosmic horror and relate them to a dark pedagogical practice, as well as relate the dark pedagogical curriculum to the regulatory documents of the Swedish high school, with a particular focus on the course of religious studies. In my findings I will show how the examined stories can be seen to fit within the dark pedagogical aspects of qualification, socialization and subjectification, as well as present the overlap that I have found between the dark pedagogical curriculum and the regulatory documents of the Swedish high school.

This thesis aims at using novel machine learning techniques to test the dynamics of the Universe via the cosmological redshift-distance test. Currently, one of the most outstanding questions in cosmology is the physical cause of the accelerating cosmic expansion observed with supernovae. Simultaneously, tensions in measurements of the Hubble expansion parameter $H_0$ are emerging. Measuring the Universe expansion with next generation galaxy imaging surveys, such as provided by the Vera Rubin Observatory, offers the opportunity to discover new physics governing the Universe dynamics. In this thesis, with the long-term goal to unravel these peculiarities, we create a deep generative model in the form of a convolutional variational auto-encoder (VAE), trained with a "Variational Mixture of Posteriors" prior (VampPrior) and high-resolution galaxy images from the simulation project \texttt{TNG-50}. Our model is able to learn a prior on the visual features of galaxies and can generate synthetic galaxy images which preserve the coarse features (shape, size, inclination, and surface brightness profile), but not finer morphological features, such as spiral arms. The generative model for galaxy images is applicable to uses outside the scope of this thesis and is thus a contribution in itself. We next implement a cosmological pinhole camera model, taking angular diameter changes with redshift into account, to forward simulate the actual observation on a telescope detector. Building upon the hypothesis that certain features of galaxies should be of proper physical sizes, we use probabilistic triangulation to find the comoving distance $r(z,\Omega)$ to these in a flat ($K=0$) Universe. Using a sample of high-resolution galaxy images from redshifts $z\in[0.05,0.5]$ from \texttt{TNG-50}, we demonstrate that the implemented Bayesian inference approach successfully estimates $r(z)$ within $1\sigma$-error ($\Delta r_{\text{est}} = 140$ $(580)$ Mpc for $z=0.05$ $(0.5)$). Including the surface brightness attenuation and utilizing the avalanche of upcoming galaxy images could significantly lower the uncertainties. This thesis thus shows a promising path forward utilizing novel machine learning techniques and massive next-generation imaging data to improve and generalize the traditional cosmological angular-diameter test, which in turn has the potential to increase our understanding of the Universe. / Denna avhandling syftar till att använda nya maskininlärningstekniker för att testa universums dynamik via det kosmologiska rödförskjutningsavståndstestet. För närvarande är en av de mest framstående frågorna inom kosmologi den fysiska orsaken till den accelererande kosmiska expansionen som observerats med supernovor. Samtidigt uppstår spänningar i mätningar av Hubble-expansionsparametern $H_0$. Att mäta universums expansion med nästa generations galaxundersökningar, såsom de som ska genomföras av Vera Rubin Observatory, ger möjlighet att upptäcka ny fysik som styr universums dynamik. I den andan skapar vi i den här avhandlingen en djup generativ modell i form av en "convolutional variational auto-encoder" (VAE), tränad med en "Variational Mixture of Posteriors" prior (VampPrior) och högupplösta galaxbilder från simuleringsprojektet \texttt{TNG-50}. Vår modell kan lära sig en "prior" om galaxernas visuella egenskaper och kan generera syntetiska galaxbilder som bevarar de grova dragen (form, storlek, lutning och ytans ljusprofil), men inte finare morfologiska egenskaper, såsom spiralarmar. Den generativa modellen för galaxbilder är tillämplig på användningar som inte omfattas av denna avhandling och är därmed ett bidrag i sig. Därefter implementerar vi en kosmologisk hålkameramodell, med vilken hänsyn till förändringar i vinkelstorleken med rödförskjutning tas, för att framåt-simulera den faktiska observationen på en teleskopdetektor. Med utgångspunkt från hypotesen att galaxer i grunden borde ha gemensamma egenskaper med liknande fysiska storlekar, använder vi probabilistisk triangulering för att hitta avståndet (s.k. "comoving distance") $ r (z, \Omega) $ till dessa i ett platt ($ K = 0 $) universum. Med hjälp av ett urval av högupplösta galaxbilder från rödförskjutningar $ z \in [0.05,0.5] $ från \texttt {TNG-50} visar vi att den implementerade "Bayesian inference"-metoden framgångsrikt uppskattar $ r (z) $ inom $ 1 \sigma $ felmarginaler ($ \Delta r _ {\text{est}} = 140 $ $ (580) $ Mpc för $ z = 0,05 $ $ (0,5) $). Att inkludera dämpning i ytljusstyrka med rödförskjutning och att använda den massiva mängd av kommande galaxbilder skulle kunna minska den erhållna osäkerheten betydligt. Denna avhandling visar således en lovande väg framåt med nya maskininlärningstekniker och kommande enorma mängder av galaxbilder för att förbättra och generalisera det traditionella kosmologiska vinkeldiametertestet, vilket i sin tur har potentialen att öka vår förståelse om universum.

The essay examines cosmic horror by identifying and interpreting where and how it occurs in three short stories by important predecessors of the subgenre which is often referred to as “weird fiction”, “supernatural horror”, “Lovecraftian horror” or “cosmic horror”. The short stories analysed are The Yellow Sign (1895) by Robert W. Chambers, The Willows (1907) by Algernon Blackwood, and The Whisperer in Darkness (1931) by H.P Lovecraft.           Cosmic horror is the human fear of the unknown and the realization of mankind’s insignificant existence in the shadow of unfathomable forces and entities in an infinite universe. It arises as a result of supernatural events which render the previously accepted laws of nature and systematizations of reality useless.           The essay's conclusions are that cosmic horror occurs on an intradiegetic level when confrontation with the unknown destabilizes a familiar reality and brings with it devastating consequences for humanity's view of themselves, the universe, and their place in it. This happens in The Yellow Sign through the otherworldly, inhuman play that warps the minds of the protagonists and gives them insight into harmful, previously inaccessible knowledge. In The Willows and The Whisperer in Darkness, it takes place through the encounter with the extraterrestrial beings, whose mere presence conveys a futility about mankind’s insignificance and ignorance in contrast to the greatness of the universe. / Uppsatsen undersöker kosmisk skräck genom att identifiera och tolka var och hur den förekommer i tre noveller av viktiga föregångare till subgenren som ofta omnämns som "weird fiction", "supernatural horror", "Lovecraftian horror" eller kosmisk skräck. Novellerna som analyseras är The Yellow Sign (1895) av Robert W. Chambers, The Willows (1907) av Algernon Blackwood och The Whisperer in Darkness (1931) av H.P Lovecraft.           Kosmisk skräck är människans rädsla för det okända och insikten om mänsklighetens obetydliga existens i skuggan av outgrundliga krafter och entiteter ett oändligt universum. Den uppstår som ett resultat av övernaturliga händelser som gör de tidigare accepterade naturlagarna och systematiseringarna av verkligheten värdelösa.           Uppsatsens slutsatser är att kosmisk skräck uppstår på en intra-diegetisk nivå när konfrontation med det okända destabiliserar en välbekant verklighet och för med sig förödande konsekvenser för mänsklighetens syn på sig själva, universum och sin plats i det. Detta sker i The Yellow Sign genom den utomvärldsliga, omänskliga pjäsen som förvränger huvudpersonernas sinnen och ger dem insikt i skadlig, tidigare otillgänglig kunskap. I The Willows och The Whisperer in Darkness uppstår det genom mötet med de utomjordiska varelserna, vars blotta närvaro förmedlar en hjälplöshet som uppstår genom mänsklighetens obetydlighet och okunnighet gentemot universums storhet.

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This project highlights various methods used to detect the elongated elemental particle neutrino. It is especially focused on the IceCube observatory, which uses Cherenkov light to detect these particles. Neutrino is an importnant building block in astrophysics and particle physics research as this particle can travel from great distances in time and space without interacting with matter. This means that high-energy neutrinos that are detected can orginate from strong explosions from outer space, even from explosions billion years ago, like Big Bang. This means that these particles carry a huge amount of information about the universe. The project also contains an experiment whose purpose is to demonstrate that with simple materials it is possible to detect particles that are not otherwise visible to the naked eye.

Chaos-Gnosticism is a branch of the occult tree which through an eclectic approach tries togather all the dark, antagonistic aspects and forces from certain religions and mythologies ofthe world in order to reach back to the primeval Chaos, the stage that existed before theCreation. With a fundamental gnostic worldview the cosmos is seen as a prison, created byDemiurges, and in Chaos a total freedom rules.The philosophy (or Chaosophy to use a term used by the Chaosgnostics) has spread all over theworld during the past ten years or so. It is vital, in connection to this fact, to give the importanceto the music scene, especially the genre called black metal, for the spreading of theChaosgnostic ideas. Some of the leading bands in this genre, for instance Dissection, Watainand Arckanum, have adopted the Chaosgnostic tenets into their music and thus making theseideas more known all around the world than they otherwise would have been. That being said,it is not clear how many actual practioners of Chaos-Gnostcism there are since it is mainly anindividual religion and the handfull of orders that exist display no sorts of missionary ambitionsand are, additionaly, quite closed for outsiders.Although the first ideas of Chaos-Gnosticism emerged in Sweden in the middle of the 1990´s,an in-depth academic survey has not yet been made on the movement itself. This essay aims tochange that by putting Chaos-Gnosticism in its correct historical and occult context and also byshedding some light on the fundamental tenets and beliefsystem aswell as the importance ofnumerology and central symbols. The essay also presents the three different Chaosgnosticbranches that has emerged to date: Temple of the Black Light, with its Qabbalistic approach,Templum Falcis Cruentis, inspired by folktraditions of Central America and the biblical figureof Cain and finally Thursatrú in which the Chaosgnostic worldview is adopted on Old Norsemythology.

The Hubble parameter H(z) is a measure of the expansion rate of the universe at redshift z. One method to determine it relies on inferring the slope of the redshift with respect to cosmic time, where galaxy ages can be used as a proxy for the latter. This method is used by Simon et al. in [1], where they present 8 determinations of the Hubble parameter. The results are surprisingly precise given the precision of their data set. Therefore, we reanalyze their data using three methods: chi-square minimization, Monte Carlo sampling, and Gaussian processes. The first two methods show that obtaining 8 independent values of the Hubble parameter yields significantly larger uncertainties than those presented by Simon et al. The last method yields a continuous inference of H(z) with lower uncertainties. However, this is obtained at the cost of having strong correlations, meaning that inferences at a wide range of redshifts provide essentially the same information. Furthermore, we demonstrate that obtaining 8 independent values for the Hubble parameter with the same precision as in [1] requires either significantly increasing the size of the data set, or significantly decreasing the uncertainty in the data. We conclude that their resulting Hubble parameter values can not be derived from the employed data. [1] J. Simon, L. Verde and R. Jimenez, Constraints on the redshift dependence of the dark energy potential, Physical Review D 71, 123001 (2005). / Hubbleparametern H(z) är ett mått på universums expansionshastighet vid rödskift z. En metod som bestämmer parametern bygger på att hitta lutningen av sambandet mellan rödskift och kosmisk tid, där det sistnämnda går att ersätta med galaxåldrar. Denna metod används av Simon et al. i [1], där de presenterar 8 värden av Hubbleparametern. Resultaten är förvånansvärt precisa, med tanke på precisionen i deras data. Vi omanalyserar därför deras data med tre metoder: chi-2-miniminering, Monte Carlo-sampling och Gaussiska processer. De två första metoderna visar att när 8 oberoende värden av Hubbleparametern bestäms fås mycket större osäkerheter än de som presenteras av Simon et al. Den sistnämnda metoden ger en kontinuerlig funktion H(z) med lägre osäkerheter. Priset för detta är dock starka korrelationer, det vill säga att resultat vid många olika rödskift innehåller i princip samma information. Utöver detta visar vi att det krävs antingen en mycket större mängd data eller mycket mindre osäkerheter i datan för att kunna bestämma 8 oberoende värden av Hubbleparametern med samma precision som i [1]. Vi drar slutsatsen att deras värden av Hubbleparametern inte kan fås med den data som använts. [1] J. Simon, L. Verde and R. Jimenez, Constraints on the redshift dependence of the dark energy potential, Physical Review D 71, 123001 (2005).

With this essay my aim is to uncover the content in the discography of the Swedish Black Metal act Watain in respect to lyrically expressed religious themes revolving around the tendencies within occulture and the Black Metal scene. To investigate the matter I have combined quantitative and qualitative analysis methods from the fields of corpus linguistics as well as content analysis, which provided me with an array of key words and their respective concordances (Key Word In Context, KWIC) in the texts. Through the analysis three overlapping main themes became apparent: satanism, gnosticism and finally apocalypticism. I described each of the themes in detail based on my linguistic findings in the corpus so as to yield a deeper understanding of the religious symbols communicated in the material and their interrelationship. The result was that neither one of these could be explained in isolation as they are all part of a larger system of philosophy, namely the esoteric movement chaos-gnosticism tied to the Swedish order Temple of the Black Light, but also products of occulture. The discussion proved that, although satanism may seem to be the thematical centerpoint in Watain’s lyrics, it is not, as this is a far too simple conclusion in relation to the complexity of the results. Instead, the content requires to be understood in terms of the dark Left-Hand Path spirituality as well as the occultural melting pot of paranormal and occult ideas. / <p>För att få tillgång till mitt korpus och mina korpusresultat hänvisar jag till min privata e-post adress hans.jonsall@gmail.com alternativt att man kontaktar mig via sociala medier.</p>