I en värld där djur- och växtarter minskar som en konsekvens av att urbaniseringen ökar står planeringspraktiken inför ett dilemma. Biologiska och ekologiska värden tenderar att ställas mot estetiska och ekonomiska parametrar i planeringsprocesser, vilket gör att flora och fauna i en hög utsträckning marginaliseras. Denna marginalisering har varit närvarande under stora delar av arkitekturhistorien då vild natur ansetts oacceptabel och ställts under människans kontroll. Studien ämnar att studera dessa spänningar och undersöka hur urban biodiversitet kan arbetas med och främjas inom planeringspraktiken. Detta görs genom att belysa vegetation över stadsrummet i dess olika former.  Den urbana miljön erbjuder unika förutsättningar för djur och växters möjlighet att etablera och föröka sig. För att exemplifiera detta har studien, genom en fallstudie, undersökt olika platser i en av Europas grönaste städer. Den italienska huvudstaden Rom har säregna förutsättningar för vegetationens möjlighet att växa genom dess geografiska läge och vattenrika landskap. Fallstudien riktar sig därför specifikt till Rom och kring hur urban biodiversitet utifrån vegetationens spontana förekommande ter sig i stadsrummet. Studien är därav uppbyggd på det empiriska material som samlats in under fallstudien. De två fallen som studeras är den spontant uppkomna parken och sjön Lago ex-Snia som idag klassas som ett lokalt naturskyddsområde och den klassiska anläggningen Villa Massimo med dess tillhörande trädgårdar. Fallen står på varsin sida av ett spektrum och studeras utifrån dess skiljaktigheter i arbetet med vild natur och spontan vegetation.  Genom kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer har tre personer som på olika sätt har yrkesverksamma kopplingar till urban biodiversitet fått utrymme och blivit hörda. Dessa kvalitativa intervjuer har tillsammans med dokumentanalyser och fältanalyser givit oss en förståelse för den spontana vegetations effekter på stadsrummet. Avslutningsvis menar studien att dessa effekter i högre utsträckning bör utnyttjas och prioriteras inom planeringspraktiken. Detta kan göras möjligt genom att bredda kunskapen och öka medvetenheten kring den spontana vegetationens faktiska nyttograd. / In a world where animal and plant species are declining as a consequence of increasing urbanisation, the planning practice faces a dilemma. Biological and ecological values tend to be set against aesthetic and economic parameters in planning processes, resulting in a high degree of marginalisation of flora and fauna. This marginalisation has been present throughout much of architectural history as wild nature has been deemed unacceptable and placed under human control. The study aims to study these tensions and examine how urban biodiversity can be worked with and promoted in the planning practice. This is done by highlighting vegetation across urban space in its various forms.  The urban environment offers unique conditions for animals and plants to establish and reproduce. To illustrate this, the study has, through a case study, investigated different sites in one of Europe's greenest cities. The Italian capital Rome has unique conditions for vegetation growth due to its geographical location and water-rich landscape. The case study therefore focuses specifically on Rome and how urban biodiversity based on the spontaneous occurrence of vegetation appears in the urban space. The study is therefore built on the empirical material collected during the case study. The two cases studied are the spontaneously emerging park and lake Lago ex-Snia, which today is classified as a local nature conservation area, and the classic complex Villa Massimo with its associated gardens. The cases stand on either side of a spectrum and are studied according to their differences in working with wild nature and spontaneous vegetation.  Through qualitative research interviews, three people who are professionally connected to urban biodiversity in different ways have been given space and have been heard. These qualitative interviews, together with a document analysis and a field analysis, have given us an understanding of the effects of spontaneous vegetation on urban space. The study concludes that these effects should be better utilised and prioritised in planning practice. This can be made possible by broadening knowledge and raising awareness of the actual usefulness of spontaneous vegetation.

Introduction: This master thesis is written within the area building technology at Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola. It is made in collaboration with Arkitekthuset Jönköping AB. The study is supposed to be useful as a basis for the urban planning of growing cities to avoid lost spaces. The thesis will also include proposals for how lost spaces in Friaredalen could be developed. Method: The data collection has mainly been done through observations but also through interviews and a literature study. The people interviewed were professionally active within areas that are related to urban planning, lighting, and urban design in the municipality of Jönköping. Both quantitative and qualitative data has been studied in the thesis. Results: Only the interview answers that most clearly answer the research questions are presented under the title results. The full-length interviews are presented as appendices. The results of the observations are also presented under the same title. They were performed during days of sun, low wind velocity and without precipitation. Analysis: The analysis of the empirical indicates that parts of the park are used to a great extent. It also indicates that parts of the park are used to a small extent and have potential for development. The part that seems to be used to the least is the green areas in the north end of the park. The parts of the park that are frequently used can also be analyzed and eventually developed. Discussion: The case study shows that there are parts of Friaredalen that are lost spaces. One goal of this work was to bring forward suggestions for improvement, which has been made for the spaces that was shown to be lost. The observations made according to Gehl’s proven approach were successful in that they provided data showing that parts of the park have a lack of visitors. This data helps answer the report’s questions. The interviews also provided data that was useful for answering the questions. / Introduktion: Detta examensarbete skrivs inom Byggnadsteknik på Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola. Arbetet utförs i samarbete med Arkitekthuset Jönköping AB. Studien ska kunna användas som underlag i stadsplaneringen av växande städer för att undvika bristfälligt utnyttjade områden. Arbetet kommer även ge förbättringsförslag på hur outnyttjade och mindre bra planerade ytor i Friaredalen skulle kunna göras bättre. Metod: Datainsamlingen har i huvudsak skett genom observationer, men även genom intervjuer och en litteraturstudie. Intervjuerna har varit riktade till professionellt verksamma inom områden som rör stadsplanering, belysning och utformning i Jönköpings kommun. Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data har studerats i arbetet. Resultat: Under rubriken resultat presenteras endast de intervjusvar som har tydligast koppling till frågeställningarna. De fullständiga intervjuerna finns att tillgå som bilagor. Under samma rubrik redovisas även resultat från observationerna. De är utförda under dagar med solsken, låga vindhastigheter och utan nederbörd. Analys: Analysen av empirin tyder på att delar av parken är använda i stor utsträckning. Den tyder även på att vissa delar av parken används i liten utsträckning och har potential för utveckling. Den del som verkar användas minst är gräsytorna i den norra delen av parken. Även de delarna av parken som är flitigt använda går att analysera och eventuellt utveckla. Diskussion: Fallstudien visar att det finns delar av Friaredalen som är bristfälligt utnyttjade. Ett mål i arbetet var att förbättringsförslag på Friaredalen skulle tas fram, vilket har gjorts på de delar som påvisats vara bristfälliga. Observationerna som utfördes enligt Gehls beprövade tillvägagångssätt var lyckade i det avseende att de gav data som visar att delar av parken har en avsaknad av besökare. Denna data hjälper till att svara på rapportens frågeställningar. Även intervjuerna gav data som var användbara för att besvara frågeställningarna.

Concerns related to global environmental changes due to land use changes have been driving international communities towards more sustainable land use systems. Brazil is a country of global strategic importance in this matter considering that it is the nation with the largest extension of preserved tropical native vegetation, recognised for its ecosystem services and high and unique biodiversity. Expansion of forestry and agriculture is taking place rapidly in Brazil, partly over degraded pastureland, but also over native vegetation. Regulating policies to govern and limit this expansion is crucial to ensure the preservation of the ecosystems services provided by native vegetation.  This thesis aims at improving the understanding of the potential impacts of prevailing public and private policies in the conservation of nature in Brazil. For this end, the Land Use Policy Assessment (LUPA) model was employed to evaluate potential pathways of implementation of the land use policies. Paper 1 evaluated the effects of current private and public command and control regulations in the protection of above-ground carbon stocks, identifying the most relevant stakeholders holding carbon stocks. The findings suggest that about 10% of carbon stocks are unprotected, where other policy instruments based on the market will be mostly required. Paper 2 performed an assessment of the mechanism for offsetting the legal deficit of native vegetation among landholders, evaluating the different offsetting implementation practices and their impacts on nature protection and socio-economic development. The results indicate that the offsetting mechanism may have little or no additional effects on protection of native vegetation and its ecosystem services because most of the offsetting is likely to take place where native vegetation is already protected by current legislations. However, it is viable to maximise environmental and socio-economic returns from the offsetting mechanism. / <p>QC 20170510</p>

No description available.

This thesis presents a field study examining the effect of the Active, Beautiful and Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Programme in Singapore on social capital. Based on a multi-disciplinary approach and following the theoretical framework of bonding and bridging social capital developed by Robert Putnam and others, three different cases of the ABC Programme were compared, looking particularly at the level of blue-green landscape integration. The three cases comprised the ABC flagship project ‘Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park’ with high level of blue-green integration as well as the green and the grey section of the Ulu Pandan Park Connector with medium and low level of blue-green integration, respectively. Quantitative data was obtained by counting the share of park users engaged in social interaction and by surveying 330 park users on the perceptions of social interaction and integration. In addition to the quantitative data, a total of 60 face-to-face interviews were carried out in the three park areas, providing an in-depth understanding of the perceptions of the surrounding areas. The study concludes that the ABC Waters Programme is a strong generator of social capital, offering an attractive place for social bonding and to some extent also for social bridging.

SAMMANFATTNING Detta kandidatarbete behandlar grönska i staden och dess komplexitet. Arbetet ser till vad svensk forskning säger om grönska i staden samt hur Boverket, Plan- och bygglagen och Miljöbalken förhåller sig till detta. Vidare redogör arbetet för hur Malmö inom planering behandlar grönska i staden och hur detta förhåller sig till forskning i ämnet. Studien utgår från ett analytiskt ramverk som bygger på forskning kring grönskans betydelse för en stad utifrån en svensk kontext. Därför har enbart svensk forskning använts i arbetet. Vid genomgång av forskningen var begreppen tillgång, tillgänglighet, kvalitet samt hälsa, förtätning, klimat och barn återkommande och utgör en viktig del av grönskan i en stad. Forskningen resulterade på så sätt i begrepp som sedan låg till grund för en innehållsanalys på plandokument från Malmö. Både Malmö, forskning samt svensk lagstiftning och rekommendationer lyfter hur stadens gröna områden besitter många olika funktioner för livet i en stad. Grönområden i en stad beskrivs bland annat besitta en social funktion som mötesplats och används för rekreation, lek och upplevelser samt är av betydelse för människors hälsa och välmående. Vidare är stadens grönområden av betydelse för ekologiska funktioner, för ett rikt djur- och växtliv samt av betydelse för närklimatet och för en god luftkvalitet. Exploatering och förtätning utgör ett hot mot grönskan i en stad då grönområden kan komma att ses som markreserv. Genom riktlinjer och detaljplaneläggning kan den fysiska planeringen bidra till att bevara och utveckla stadens grönska, vilket sker med lagstöd i Plan- och bygglagen. Det är vid fysisk planering viktigt att se till ett grönområdens kortsiktiga och långsiktiga värde för en stad, då ett grönområdes värde kan öka över tid om det förvaltats väl. Nyckelord: Grönstruktur &amp; Fysisk planering.

Decades of globalisation and urbanisation are posing intersecting social, economic, and environmental pressures on urban housing markets, that are pushing conventional housing provision to its limits. Accelerated by the covid-19 pandemic, alternative approaches to housing are coming to the fore. Co-housing, a concept combining private individual living spaces, with shared spaces and facilities is (re)-emerging as one alternative, vaunted to have a positive impact on residents' well-being, and promotes sustainable living and housing affordability. To exploit the sustainable potential of co-housing, remaining planning challenges need to be identified and dismantled. In this regard, this study aims to explore the potential and challenges of alternative forms of housing for sustainable housing provision and to analyse the role of municipalities in steering and supporting the development of co-housing. Methodologically, this aim is approached by a systematic literature review and a case study comparing two co-housing projects in Sweden and Germany, using Rose’s (1991) lesson-drawing concept. The findings revealed that neoliberal planning frameworks geared towards conventional housing provision that restrict the development of housing alternatives. Overcoming these constraints is highly dependent on municipal support institutions for co-housing development. In both co-housing projects, the integration of professional developers has provided valuable advantages in breaking down financial barriers and social inequalities, which were identified as the main challenges. However, to promote the sustainable development of co-housing and to break down the conventional political structures for this purpose, municipalities must recognise the potential of co-housing holistically and support and steer it through transparent policies and instruments.

In this thesis, the subject of meeting places in the countryside and the importance of design in increasing the place's outdoor environment and its attractiveness are studied. Sweden's countryside and smaller towns often lack structured and active meeting places. One of the contributing factors is urbanization. The purpose of the study is to investigate and strengthen the knowledge about the significance of design at the countryside. The study conducts research from a general perspective on the design of meeting places in rural areas. At the same time, an investigation is being carried out into an existing site, with the property designation Växjö Kalvsvik 25:2, where a country store is located. The study's conclusion is that it is not obvious that measures highlighted in the study can be applied in all places because design is situational. Thus, there is no ready-made template to follow. At the same time, the study has clarified that the concepts of architecture design and design are rarely emphasized for research purposes.

Forskning har framhävt problematiken som kan uppstå när tillgången och kvaliteten på grönytor intill bostadsområdet inte anpassats efter medborgarnas behov. Om användarens intressen och värderingar kring vad som anses vara en kvalitativ grönyta förbises, kan många hälsoaspekter kopplade till vistelsen bland grönytor försummas. För att stadsplanerare ska kunna avgöra vilka kvalitativa aspekter som intressegrupper värderar har medborgardialoger blivit ett användbart verktyg. Dessvärre upplever inte alla medborgare sig som delaktiga i planeringen.  Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur medborgare i Malmös delområden Herrgården, Kronprinsen och Bellevue upplever tillgången och kvaliteten på grönytor utifrån ett rättviseperspektiv. Uppsatsen ämnar även undersöka om upplevelsen av delaktighet och inflytande skiljer sig mellan olika socioekonomiska grupper i förhållande till planeringen av grönyta och i så fall varför? Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från den rumsliga rättvisan och miljörättvisan. Metoderna som används är en demografisk undersökning av delområdena, en enkätundersökning om malmöbornas värderingar av grönytor samt intervjuer med medborgare och tjänsteperson om kvalitativa grönytor. Resultatet indikerar att upplevelsen av tillgång och kvalitet på grönytor skiljer sig åt mellan de olika delområdena. Även upplevelsen av delaktighet och inflytande i planeringen av grönytor skiljer sig åt mellan olika socioekonomiska grupper på grund av förväntan, medvetenhet, inkomst och kunskap. / Research has highlighted the problems that can arise when the availability and quality of green spaces next to the residential area have not been adapted to the needs of citizens. If the user's interests and values of what is considered a qualitative green space are overlooked, many health aspects linked to the usage of green spaces can be neglected. For city planners to be able to determine which qualitative aspects interest groups value, citizen dialogues have become a useful tool. Unfortunately, not all citizens feel involved in the planning. The purpose of the thesis is to investigate how citizens in Malmö's sub-areas Herrgården, Kronprinsen, and Bellevue experience the availability and quality of green spaces from a justice perspective. The thesis also intends to investigate whether the experience of participation and influence differs between different socio-economic groups in relation to the planning of green space and if so, why? The theoretical framework is based on spatial justice and environmental justice. The methods used are demographic surveys of the sub-areas, a survey of Malmö residents' values ​​of green spaces and interviews with citizens, and an official survey about qualitative green spaces. The results indicate that the experience of access and quality of green areas differs between the different sub-areas. The experience of participation and influence in the planning of green spaces also differs between different socio-economic groups due to expectation, awareness, income, and knowledge.

Increasing urbanization is pressing and degrading our ecosystems and compromising future generations. This scenario is expected to worsen unless significant action is scaled up. At the same time, the urban areas have the opportunity to be part of the solution, leading to a more resilient and sustainable future. Bringing nature back to cities is a powerful instrument that provides the opportunity to address sustainability challenges and benefit people and the environment. Hence, the aim of this study, framed on the REPLAN project, was to explore the integration of greening practices in the planning process in Upplands Väsby municipality during the last decade. Through a systematic literature mapping, this study investigated the integration of greening concepts in the municipality’s Detailed Development Plans. Furthermore, in-depth analysis and interpretation of the relevant Detailed Development Plans were conducted to explore which green and blue elements and structures were integrated, the drivers and instruments that foster its implementation and the actors involved in their planning process. The results show that the integration of greening concepts in the Detailed Development Plans presents a turning point in 2016, coincident with the introduction of Upplands Väsby’s Development plan for Ecosystem Services, revealing that political support at the municipal level enables the integration of greening concepts. Likewise, ecosystem services was the most integrated greening concept, pointing out a strong focus of the planning practice on ecosystem services. The most planned green and blue elements and structures are yards, courtyards and street trees and plants, whilst parks are generally integrated from the nearby environment. Moreover, the most protected green and blue elements and structures are street trees and plants. Water management, public health and well-being and biodiversity conservation are the main drivers for planning and protecting green and blue elements and structures, being also addressed by both the highest quantity and diversity of green and blue elements and structures. However, climate change mitigation and adaptation is barely the driver for planning green and blue elements and structures. Thus, this calls for the inclusion of a climate perspective in the planning processes. The key actors in planning green and blue elements and structures are the municipality, the developers and consulting companies. Besides, an innovative planning process that includes neighbours and other stakeholders in the early stages and financial incentives for implementing green and blue elements and structures was studied. The findings indicate that regulatory frameworks and binding instruments foster the integration of green and blue elements and structures in the planning practice. The outcomes also suggest that collaborative planning processes and hybrid market-driven approaches may contribute positively to integrating green and blue elements and structures.