En el presente trabajo de investigación, se verán los aspectos que sean necesarios para la iniciación de nuestro proyecto para la elaboración y venta de nuestra bebida Mikhuna Shake. Nuestro segmento va dirigido a todas aquellas personas que mayores de 18 años, en búsqueda de un desayuno fácil, rápido de tomar y nutritivo. Nuestra propuesta de valor se basa en que es una bebida proteica, baja en grasas y azúcares, y está listo para tomar. Para el primer año, nuestro canal de ventas será por medio de las ventas directas a través de nuestras redes sociales. Por otra parte, hemos utilizado 5 experimentos a través de Facebook e Instagram, con la finalidad de obtener nuevos aprendizajes. Asimismo, se realizaron promociones y descuentos con la finalidad de atraer a más clientes. La estrategia que se realizará para nuestro producto será la de penetración, dado que estamos lanzando un precio de introducción para ambas presentaciones a un precio de S/3.90 para el 300 ML y S/7.90 para el de 900 ML. Nuestros ingresos son generados por nuestras ventas en ambos tamaños y se llevan a cabo mediante nuestras redes sociales. Además, se mantendrá una relación cercana con nuestros clientes para de darle un valor agregado al producto. La inversión que se realizará al comenzar nuestro proyecto será por un monto de S/29872. Esto nos permitirá iniciar nuestras operaciones y solventar los gastos necesarios. Finalmente, nuestro VAN resultante es positivo, el cual hace rentable nuestro negocio, a pesar de tener múltiples gastos preoperativos.

Staging a crowdsourcing challenge includes opening up your organization to the outside. When doing so, some organizations choose to collaborate with an existing platform owner. This may establish new relationships and opportunities for learning. This research aims to investigate the set of learnings and adjustments that occur between the seekers and platform owners in the challenge process. To do this, a qualitative study in the form of semi-structured interviews, with five seekers, two platform owners, and two specialists in the field, was conducted. Our findings indicate various learnings and adjustments for seekers and platform owners. Seekers learn and adjust by defining the challenge properly, becoming more independent in running challenges, changing their internal culture, and accepting new intellectual property insights. Platform owners learn and adjust by listening carefully to understand the seekers’ goals and by implementing transparency in their way of working. We conclude that through implementing these learnings and adjustments, seekers and platform owners collaboratively gain more confidence and become better at running challenges.

This study investigates the prediction of firms’ health in terms of bankruptcy and non-bankruptcy based on the sentiments extracted from the earnings calls. Bankruptcy prediction has long been a critical topic in the world of accounting and finance. A firm's economic health is the current financial condition of the firm and is crucial to its stakeholders such as creditors, investors, shareholders, partners, and even customers and suppliers. Various methodologies and strategies have been proposed in research domain for predicting company bankruptcy more promptly and accurately. Conventionally, financial risk prediction has solely been based on historic financial data. However, an increasing number of finance papers also analyze textual data during the last few years. Company’s earnings calls are the key source of information to investigate the current financial condition and how the businesses are doing and what the expectations are for the next quarters. During the call, management offers an overview of recent performance and provide a guidance for the next quarter expectations. The earnings calls summary is provided by the management and can extract the CEO’s sentiments using sentiment analysis. In the last decade, Machine Learnings based techniques have been proposed to achieve accurate predictions of firms’ economic health. Even though most of these techniques work well in a limited context, on a broader perspective these techniques are unable to retrieve the true semantic from the earnings calls, which result in the lower accuracy in predicting the actual condition of firms’ economic health. Thus, state-of-the-art Machine Learnings and Deep Learnings techniques have been used in this thesis to improve accuracy in predicting the firms’ health from the earnings calls. Various machine learnings and deep learnings method have been applied on web-scraped earnings calls data-set, and the results show that LONG SHORT-TERM MEMORY (LSTM) is the best machine learnings technique as compared to the comparison set of models.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-09T13:17:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Fatima Ferreira.pdf: 3321196 bytes, checksum: 904dd0aef0020110ad659818e84925c9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-11T15:23:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Fatima Ferreira.pdf: 3321196 bytes, checksum: 904dd0aef0020110ad659818e84925c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-11T15:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria de Fatima Ferreira.pdf: 3321196 bytes, checksum: 904dd0aef0020110ad659818e84925c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / A pesquisa investigou as manifestações de preconceitos nos espaços sócio-educativos das Escolas Comunitárias Urbanas – ECU, um estudo caso no Sul da Bahia. As práticas sócioeducativas foram examinadas como práticas de ações transdisciplinares e democrático-participativas na escola e como possibilidade de desenvolver um campo de aprendizagens interculturais e comunicativas, objetivando concepções autônomas (conceitos/significados) de gênero, idade, étnicos, crenças religiosas, de classe social e a formação de sujeitos ativos, comunicativos e reflexivos, um indivíduo-sujeito capaz de conviver com o diferente, reconhecendo-se ao mesmo tempo diferente de todos e como Sujeito, na sua condição humana,igual a todos. Nesse sentido, foram analisadas a percepção e a adoção de práticas interculturais e político-administrativas, pedagógico-educacionais pelos segmentos das ECU e dos seus mantenedores, identificando as formas diferenciadas de envolvimento das comunidades escolar e local, e como vem se configurando e, se privilegiam os processos de conscientização sobre das pessoas/grupos, o convívio social e ético, a valorização da diferença e da vivência com a diversidade. Foram analisadas: práticas dos sujeitos das ECU e de seus mantenedores, as diferenças e semelhanças entre eles, às relações interpessoais, criação e manutenção de ambientes de aprendizagens favoráveis à ampliação de compreensão, formulações de conceitos e criação de possibilidades para o reconhecimento/ enfrentamento e substituição de preconceitos por conceitos autônomos. Foram consideradas: a participação dos profissionais da educação na elaboração do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola- PDE, Projeto Político Pedagógico - PPP, Currículo da Escola e se essas propostas conseguiram avançar como instrumentos de significação cultural e base das formas de comunicação, de interação, integração e experiência da diversidade nos espaços e ambientes de aprendizagens das ECU. A metodologia descritiva privilegiou técnicas qualiquantitativas de análises, um estudo de caso, examinando múltiplos aspectos que envolvem a questão da cultura, da identidade comunitária, da participação, do envolvimento no processo de interação e de integração do espaço político-social. Os sujeitos foram criadores, mantenedores de ECU, professores, alunos, diretor, vice-diretores, coordenadores pedagógicos, pais de alunos, funcionários das Escolas pesquisadas. Os resultados indicam pouca participação em processos de convivência sócio-educativa que permita a compreensão das diferentes situações de interação afetivas e comunicacionais como uma experiência na qual o sujeito pode valorizar-se e respeitar o outro, o diferente. A Escola ainda não é exemplo de escola cidadã democrático-participativa, intercultural, inter, transdisciplinar como desafio da diversidade e do respeito à diferença, procurando desenvolver trabalhos que priorizem a comunicação aberta, um clima de aceitação, respeito e confiança mútua entre os segmentos envolvidos no processo ensino-aprendizagem, cultivo de sementes de sentimento,de simpatia, justiça, ternura, cooperação, de habilidades para escutar. É lugar de pouca realização de uma prática que envolva o diálogo, concebendo-o como uma ação de mútuo reconhecimento de diversos indivíduos e grupos, mas está buscando seu caminho nesta direção. / Bahia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The experimentation has been a practice little and inadequately explored in school space assuming functions of demonstration and verification, predominantly focused on the end result. We propose, then, to focus on the process, that is, to perform a constant exploration of everything that makes up and happens while conducting an experiment. Through the careful examination of each step it is possible to discuss and contrast knowledge and, at the same time, build skills and competences. In elementary school, the student is immersed in the universe of a unified science, which allows the rescue and the recovery of a more integrated vision of scientific phenomena. In this context we recognize the potential of the process of experimentation to promote learning and scientific competences in a group of twenty six students from 3rd year of the 3rd cycle (equivalent to 9th year) of elementary public school located in a region of high social vulnerability on the outskirts of the city of Porto Alegre. Students were encouraged to develop, assemble and perform experiments, through gradual steps of familiarization with materials and devices. During the development of the activities carried out in twelve class hours interspersed with regular classes, we analyzed the actions, behaviour and material and textual production of the students, through reports, questionnaires and written records, adopting a participatory observation methodology, in order to collect qualitative aspects related to promoting competences and scientific learning arising from the process of experimentation. The assessment of the results revealed the learning of countless concepts related to the studied phenomena and the formation and consolidation of multiple and relevant competences, which are pertinent to science education. / A experimentação tem sido uma prática pouco e inadequadamente explorada no espaço escolar assumindo funções de demonstração e verificação, predominantemente centradas no resultado final. Propomos, então, focalizar o seu processo, ou seja, efetuar uma constante exploração de tudo o que compõe e acontece durante a realização de um experimento. Através do exame minucioso de cada etapa pode-se discutir e contrastar conhecimentos e, ao mesmo tempo, construir habilidades e competências. No ensino fundamental, o aluno está imerso no universo de uma Ciência unificada que permite o resgate e a valorização de uma visão mais integrada dos fenômenos científicos. Neste contexto buscamos constatar o potencial do processo de experimentação para promover aprendizagens e competências científicas em um grupo de vinte e seis alunos do 3o ano do 3o ciclo (equivalente ao 9o ano) do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública localizada numa região de alta vulnerabilidade social na periferia do município de Porto Alegre. Os alunos foram estimulados a elaborar, montar e executar experimentos, passando por etapas gradativas de familiarização com materiais e aparelhos. Durante o desenvolvimento das atividades, realizadas em doze horas-aula intercaladas com as aulas regulares, analisamos as ações, o comportamento e a produção textual e material dos alunos, por meio de relatórios, questionários e registros escritos, adotando uma metodologia de observação participativa, no intuito de coletar aspectos qualitativos relacionados à promoção de competências e aprendizagens científicas decorrentes do processo de experimentação. A avaliação dos resultados revelou a aprendizagem de inúmeros conceitos relacionados aos fenômenos estudados e a formação e consolidação de múltiplas e relevantes competências pertinentes à educação científica.

Les garants de toute culture ont toujours eu le souci de transmettre ses valeurs aux jeunes générations en vue de leur sauvegarde. Dans le domaine de l’enseignement en général, et de l’enseignement supérieur en particulier, outre les valeurs culturelles, sont transmis également des connaissances et des savoirs universels qui préparent au marché de l’emploi tout en structurant la personnalité des individus bénéficiaires des apprentissages. L’organisation universitaire est, elle aussi, un construit social, et laquelle organisation est un assemblage de relations de pouvoirs que nouent les acteurs les uns envers les autres. Pour assurer cette mission et faciliter la communication du savoir et ainsi atteindre les objectifs de l’organisation, les enseignants sont ipso facto investis d’un pouvoir conféré par l’institution académique. Mais ce pouvoir ne trouve sa puissance et sa consistance que lorsque le détenteur incarne réellement l’autorité attestée non seulement par le modèle et la référence qu’il essaie de représenter aux yeux des apprenants mais aussi par ses compétences et la maîtrise incontestée de sa matière d’enseignement. Toutefois, au Bénin, ce pouvoir tend à être exagéré par des enseignants qui, eux-mêmes sont fortement influencés par leurs cultures d’origine : détenteurs du savoir et donc « sachants », ils se considèrent comme des chefs traditionnels, des demi dieux à qui l’apprenant doit une totale soumission. Alors, nous sommes là dans un modèle de reproduction sociale amplement décrite par Pierre Bourdieu qui confirme le fait « le séjour dans l’eau ne transforme pas un tronc d’arbre en crocodile », selon les expressions de Seydou Badian. Ce qui signifie que malgré sa formation, ses qualifications et ses diplômes qui font de lui un « nouvel être », un être moderne, l’enseignant au Bénin aura toujours du mal à se séparer d’un fond culturel qui lui est propre et intrinsèque. L’apprenant est conscient que son être social de par sa future carrière est engendré par le savoir enseigné dont l’assimilation confère des diplômes. Pour paraphraser Victor Hugo, je me permets de dire que chaque apprenant qu’on enseigne est un sujet, un acteur social qu’on gagne. Alors le savoir est monétarisé dans l’université choisie comme terrain d’enquête. Le développement de mon objet de recherche bénéficiera en effet d’un apport considérable de l’anthropologie sociale et culturelle, de la sociologie du pouvoir et de la pédagogie. / The guarantors of every culture are always worried about transmitting their values to young generations for their safeguard. In the field of education in general, and higher education in particular, in addition to cultural values, some universal knowledge and acquaintances which help to find a job as well as to structure the personality of those who benefit from these learnings, are also transmitted. The university organization is also a social constructed and this organization is an assembly of relations of powers that the actors establish together. In order to achieve this mission and make the communication of the knowledge easier and therefore reach the objectives of the organization, teachers are ipso facto invested with a power awarded by the academic institution. But this power finds its strength and its consistence only when the holder is really the authority approved not only by the model and the reference he tries to represent for the learners but also by his skills and the undisputed master of his teaching subject. Nevertheless, in Benin, this power tends to be exaggerated by teachers who are themselves influenced by their native culture. Because they are the ones « who know », they consider themselves as traditional leaders, demigods to whom the learner owes a total submission. There we are, in a model of social reproduction greatly described by Pierre Bourdieu who confirms the fact « the stay in the water doesn’t turn a tree trunk into a crocodile », according to the saying of Saydou Badian. It means that despite his training, his skills and degree which make him a « new being », a modern being, the teacher in Benin will always find it difficult to get rid of a cultural background which belongs to him and which is so specific. The learner is aware that his social being because of his future career is generated by the knowledge which allows to be graduated. To paraphrase Victor Hugo, I venture to say that each learner we teach is a subject, a social actor we gain. The knowledge is then marketed in the university chosen as an investigation field. The development of my research subject will take advantage from a great contribution of the social and cultural anthropology, the sociology of power and the pedagogy.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se evalúan todos los aspectos necesarios a tener en cuenta para iniciar un negocio de elaboración y comercialización de mantequilla de maní. Está dirigido a mujeres y hombres del NSE A y B que habiten en las zonas 2, 7 y 8 de Lima Metropolitana, que tengan de 18 años en adelante. La propuesta de valor se basa en los insumos empleados para la elaboración de las mantequillas 100% naturales, que aportan beneficios a la salud y a diferencia de la competencia, no se utiliza preservantes o químicos. Nos aseguramos de mantener una relación cercana con los clientes durante todo el servicio, con la finalidad de fidelizarlos e incrementar la participación de mercado. Se trabajará por medio del canal de venta directa y redes sociales. Para el inicio de las operaciones se realiza una inversión inicial de S/32,220, la cual permitirá adquirir las maquinarias e insumos necesarios para empezar las operaciones. Respecto a la proyección de ventas se realizaron siete experimentos a través de distintas redes sociales (Facebook, Instagram y Tik Tok) y se obtuvieron aprendizajes sobre el producto para lograr cumplir con las expectativas y exigencias del consumidor. Con estos datos se realizó una proyección y análisis de los Estados Financieros. Para el primer año se obtendrá una utilidad neta del 8%, la cual incrementará en 5% para el segundo año, por la mejora en las eficiencias de la capacidad productiva y el incremento de las ventas en 88%. Debido al aumento de la demanda y el cambio en los hábitos de consumo en la población. / "In this research study, we will consider all the necessary aspects to start a business of making and selling peanut butter. Our public target are women and men of the socioeconomic level A and B, who live in zones 2, 7 and 8 of Lima who are 18 years of age or older. Our value proposition is based on the supplies we use to make our peanut butter 100% natural, which provide health benefits for our consumers and different from our competition we don't use preservatives or chemicals. We make sure to maintain a close relationship with our customers though all the service to retain them and increase market share. Our sales channel will be made through direct sales and social networks. To start operations, the actionists will make an investment of S/ 32,220, which will allow to buy the machinery and supplies required to start operations. Sales projections were based on seven experiments we performed through different social networks like Facebook, Instagram and Tik Tok, to obtain learnings about our product. With this data we made projections and analysis of the financial statements. For the first year, we obtain a net profit of 8%, which will increase in 5% for the second year, because of the improvement in the efficiencies of productive capacity and sales will increase in 88%, due to the increase in demand and the change of the feeding habits of the population. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

Ce travail entend interroger du point de vue du genre les pratiques de lecture des femmes dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. La manière dont les femmes lisaient et l’usage qu’elles pouvaient faire de leurs lectures demeurent très mal connus, au-delà des discours et des représentations entourant à l’époque la lecture féminine. De ceux-ci se dégage l’idée durable que les femmes, pour l’essentiel lectrices de romans, lisent mal. Cette étude propose de renverser le prisme d’analyse pour interroger le point de vue des lectrices sur leurs propres pratiques. Pour cela, les écrits personnels - journaux, autobiographies, correspondances - de soixante-six femmes nées entre 1789 et 1832 ont été rassemblés, et permettent de suivre leurs trajectoires à l’intérieur d’une biographie chorale. Ces textes mettent au jour une pluralité des pratiques et des usages de la lecture au quotidien, mais surtout ils interrogent deux phénomènes majeurs de la France du premier XIXe siècle : les logiques de sexuation à l’œuvre dans l’éducation, et la construction des identités sexuées. De fait, l’accès aux savoirs par le livre repose alors sur une inégalité fondamentale entre femmes et hommes, et l’apprentissage des manières de lire, ainsi que la liste des livres autorisés, doivent renvoyer l’image d’une féminité acceptable, suffisamment instruite mais non savante, pieuse et vertueuse. Pourtant, les écrits personnels soulignent à quel point dans le quotidien d’autres manières de faire s’élaborent et de nombreuses résistances voient le jour. Car l’expérience individuelle de la lecture, en ouvrant la porte vers des territoires intellectuels jugés illégitimes, permet de transgresser les attentes concernant l’éducation des filles. Au-delà, elle engage la lectrice dans un travail réflexif sur elle-même qui la conduit à sonder voire à reformuler son identité sociale. Par ce biais, l’autonomie intellectuelle des femmes et leur possible émancipation se trouvent directement questionnées. / This work aims to explain, from a gender perspective, reading practices of women in the early 19th century France. Until now, the way French women read in those days and their own uses of reading, behind stereotypes and sexist representations, are not really known in cultural history. According to these stereotypes, women read badly, or not seriously, and only “feminine literature”. Based on sixty six women’s personal writings (diaries, autobiographies, letters), this work aims to inverse this focus in order to analyze the women’s point of view on their own practices. Such analysis reveals how gender’s types shape first education and, more generally, social identities. Women have to read, of course, but only that kind of literature that would be acceptable for a « good wife », educated but not scholar, virtuous and pious. However, focusing on personal writings, we show that women were not passive within this social and cultural domination: as a reflexive experience, reading leads them to a wide reformulation of their social identity, which includes a possibility to emancipate by reading and learning.

nÃo hà / O presente trabalho traz um estudo sobre a formaÃÃo contÃnua dos professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental na instituiÃÃo escolar e busca compreender as reflexÃes construÃdas pelo grupo de professores, coordenadores e gestores da escola, bem como as condiÃÃes de vida e trabalho, em que esse processo de formaÃÃo se desenvolve. Para isso, tomou por base uma experiÃncia de formaÃÃo em serviÃo de uma escola pÃblica do municÃpio de Fortaleza, cujo trabalho jà se desenvolvia desde 2006. Como fundamentaÃÃo para o alcance dos objetivos o estudo encontrou apoio nas formulaÃÃes de NÃvoa (1997), Lima (2001), ImbernÃn (2010; 2011) e SacristÃn (2010) sobre o processo de formaÃÃo continuada dos professores, formulado a partir da relaÃÃo deste com o desenvolvimento profissional. Em CanÃrio (1997) encontramos apoio para discutir a escola como espaÃo de formaÃÃo para os professores, a luz do pensamento de Freire (1996) e GarcÃa (1999) discutimos desenvolvimento profissional, entre outros autores que recorremos para construir esse trabalho. O corpus analisado à resultado de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, oriunda de um estudo de caso do tipo etnogrÃfico, constituÃdo a partir de dois instrumentos metodolÃgicos: as observaÃÃes de campo realizadas no interstÃcio de um ano e quatro meses, onde foram observados os momentos de formaÃÃo e planejamento, as entrevistas semiestruturadas, utilizadas com quatro professoras, a vice-diretora, uma coordenadora pedagÃgica e a diretora da Escola Municipal Edith Braga, localizada em Fortaleza, sob a jurisdiÃÃo da Secretaria Executiva Regional VI â SER VI. Os dados revelaram que na escola, a formaÃÃo ganha mais significado porque à protagonizada pelo grupo de professores em parceria com a coordenaÃÃo e gestÃo, num processo de formaÃÃo e auto formaÃÃo permanente, onde as experiÃncias individuais e coletivas se configuram em aprendizagens, em saberes diversos. No entanto, essa formaÃÃo nÃo se desenvolve em um ambiente tranquilo, com condiÃÃes para sua realizaÃÃo, a escola vai encontrando alternativas para driblar os obstÃculos que impedem que essa formaÃÃo aconteÃa. Concluiu-se que para que a escola se constitua espaÃo de formaÃÃo para seus professores à necessÃrio que haja uma maior descentralizaÃÃo das polÃticas de formaÃÃo em favor da escola, que os professores reconhecem esse espaÃo e as atividades ali desenvolvidas como necessÃrias e significativas a seu desenvolvimento profissional / ABSTRACT This work presents a study about the training of teachers in the early years of Elementary School in the school institution and seeks to understand the reflections builted by the group of teachers, coordinators, and managers of the school, as well as the conditions of life and work, in which the process of training was developed. For this reason, it was based on an experience of in-service training in a public school in the city of Fortaleza, whose work was been developed since 2006. As reasoning for reaching the goals of this study, it was found support in the formulations of NÃvoa (1997), Lima (2001), ImbernÃn (2010; 2011) and SacristÃn (2010) on the process of continuing education of teachers, formulated to break the relationship of this process with the professional development. In CanÃrio (1997) it is found support to discuss the school as a space of training for teachers, with the light of the thought of Freire (1996) and Garcia (1999) who discussed professional development, among other authors that were used to build this work. The corpus analyzed is the result of a search of a qualitative nature, come from a case study of ethnographic type, formed from three methodological tools: the comments field in a period of one year and four months, where were observed moments of training and planning, the semi-structured interviews, used with four teachers, the vice-director, a pedagogical coordinator and the director of the Municipal School Edith Braga, located in Fortaleza, under the jurisdiction of Regional Executive Secretary VI - VI. The data revealed that the training gains in the school were more significant because there was the group of teachers in partnership with the coordination and management, in a process of training and self permanent formation, where the individual experiences and collective were set in learning, in various knowledge. However, this training is not developed in a peaceful environment, with conditions for its implementation, so, the school find alternatives to circumvent the obstacles that prevent the occurrence of this training. It was concluded that for the school become a training area for your teachers it is need a greater decentralization of training policies in favor of the school. The teachers will recognize that space and the activities developed as necessary and important for their professional development.