Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-05-10T17:05:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Gisele Lopes Heckler_.pdf: 1180969 bytes, checksum: c25bab5f25d1a37a0dd5d08c3890a483 (MD5) Gisele Lopes Heckler_.pdf: 1180969 bytes, checksum: c25bab5f25d1a37a0dd5d08c3890a483 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T17:06:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Gisele Lopes Heckler_.pdf: 1180969 bytes, checksum: c25bab5f25d1a37a0dd5d08c3890a483 (MD5) Gisele Lopes Heckler_.pdf: 1180969 bytes, checksum: c25bab5f25d1a37a0dd5d08c3890a483 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROEX - Programa de Excelência Acadêmica / Esta Tese tem como objetivo analisar a docência na Educação de Jovens e Adultos com base no Programa Mulheres Mil, ofertado pelo IFSUL/RS – Câmpus Sapiranga, no segundo semestre de 2014. As mulheres, participantes do programa, estavam afastadas da escola e possuem experiências profissionais variadas. A fundamentação teórica tem por base os temas afins, em especial, a docência na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, as contribuições da Educação Popular, da Educação Profissional e, por fim, as questões de Gênero. A metodologia utilizada possui afinidades com a pesquisa participante. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o coordenador do programa e alunas egressas e Grupos de Discussão com docentes. Foram analisados a partir das contribuições do método documentário e da pesquisa-formação. A pesquisa permitiu identificar que os docentes participantes refletem sobre sua prática. Por meio de suas compreensões sobre o ensino, as docentes buscam exercer uma prática que atenta, em primeiro lugar, às especificidades do público do PMM, proporcionando as condições mais adequadas à aprendizagem, sem perder de vista as expectativas das alunas e o contexto das mesmas, buscando posturas e metodologias que atendam aos objetivos do programa, em especial o de elevar a autoestima dessas mulheres e promover a aprendizagem e a permanência delas nos cursos. O estudo procura contribuir com a proposta que auxilie na formação e prática docente para este público específico, que se pense em uma formação inicial e/ou continuada que atenda às demandas de quem deseja ou precisa ensinar na EJA e na educação de mulheres, pensada nas especificidades destes estudantes e das suas reais necessidades, sejam elas a emancipação e o empoderamento para alcançar uma transformação necessária da ordem social vigente para outra muito mais igualitária. / This thesis aims to analyze teaching in Youth and Adult Education based on the Women Thousand Program, offered by IFSUL / RS - Campus Sapiranga, RS, Brazil, in the second half of 2014. These women, as participants in the program, were apart from school and have varying professional backgrounds. In order to carry out the study, theoretical references on teaching in the EJA were used: professional education, popular education, public education policies and gender issues. The theoretical foundation is based on related themes, especially teaching in Youth and Adult Education, the contributions of Popular Education, to Professional Education, the issues of Gender. Methodology used has affinities with the participant research. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the program coordinator and she graduates, and discussion groups with she graduates and teachers. They were analyzed from the contributions of the documentary method and the formation-research. The research allowed to identify that the participating teachers reflect on their practice. Through their understanding of teaching, teachers seek to practice a practice that focuses, firstly, on the specific characteristics of the PMM public, providing the most adequate conditions for learning, without losing sight of the expectations of the she students and their context, seeking postures and methodologies that meet the objectives of the program, specially to raise the self-esteem of these women and promote their learning and permanence in the courses. The study seeks to contribute with the proposal that assists in the training and teaching practice for this specific public, to think about an initial and / or continuous formation that meets the demands of those who wish or need to teach in the EJA and in the education of women, conceived in the specificities of these students and their real needs, could they be the emancipation and empowerment to achieve a necessary transformation from the prevailing social order to a much more egalitarian one.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-12-20T15:58:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Cardoso Frazão_.pdf: 1158204 bytes, checksum: 734ae9053e0c79c2a9b07952197db7a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-20T15:58:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Cardoso Frazão_.pdf: 1158204 bytes, checksum: 734ae9053e0c79c2a9b07952197db7a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-08 / IFMA - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão / Essa pesquisa tematiza a produção de cartas pelas alunas do Programa Mulheres Mil, ofertado pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, nos anos de 2012 a 2013, na cidade maranhense de Açailândia. O tema da pesquisa insere-se no campo da História da Educação e ancora-se nos pressupostos da História Cultural. O objetivo geral do estudo é analisar as representações sobre o Programa e sobre os percursos de vida das alunas, a partir da produção de cartas na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa e na Oficina Mapa da Vida. As fontes de pesquisa foram 20 cartas escritas por alunas, sendo 10 na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa, ofertada à turma do ano de 2012, e 10 cartas escritas por alunas da turma de 2013, na oficina Mapa da Vida, ambas as atividades ministradas pela autora da pesquisa. Além das cartas, foram analisados os documentos produzidos pelo Governo Federal acerca do funcionamento do Programa. O Programa Mulheres Mil iniciou como projeto em 2007, resultado de um acordo bilateral entre o Brasil e o Canadá, a fim de qualificar mil mulheres das regiões Norte e Nordeste brasileira, pela vulnerabilidade social em que vivem uma parte delas. Em 2011, o projeto tornou-se Programa e consubstanciou-se em uma política pública de gênero. Nesse percurso chegou ao Maranhão e em Açailândia e sua implementação ocorreu no mesmo ano, com a oferta do Curso Básico de Qualificação Profissional em Alimentos. Em 2015, o Programa deixou de funcionar no respectivo Campus, por razões oficiais, as quais desconhecemos. Com a pesquisa, percebeu-se que as alunas participantes desse curso,segundo relato encontrado nas cartas, viam no Programa uma oportunidade para ingressarem no mercado de trabalho, montar seu negócio e voltar a estudar. No entanto, a proposta dessa política em garantir acesso ao trabalho e ao estudo não se mostrou suficiente para inserir a todas as mulheres participantes do curso no mercado de trabalho local. / This research thematizes the production of letters by the students of the Thousand Women Program, offered by the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, in the years 2012 to 2013, in the Maranhão city of Açailândia. The theme of the research is in the area of History of Education and anchored in the assumptions of Cultural History. The general objective of the study is to analyze the representations about the Program and the life course of the students, from the production of letters in the discipline of Portuguese Language and in the Map of Life Workshop. The research sources were 20 letters written by students, 10 in the Portuguese Language course, offered to the class of the year of 2012 and 10 letters written by students of the class of 2013, in the workshop Map of Life, both activities taught by the author of the search. In addition to the letters, the documents produced by the Federal Government about the operation of the Program were analyzed. The Thousand Women Program started as a project in 2007, the result of a bilateral agreement between Brazil and Canada, in order to qualify a thousand women from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, due to the social vulnerability of a part of them. In 2011, the project became a Program and consubstantiated in a gender public policy. In this course it arrived in Maranhão and in Açailândia and its implementation occurred in the same year, with the offer of the Basic Course of Professional Qualification in Food. In 2015, the Program ceased to function on its campus, for official reasons, which we do not know. With the research, it was noticed that the students participating in this course, according to the report found in the letters, saw in the Program an opportunity to enter the job market, set up their business and go back to study. However, the proposal of this policy to guarantee access to work and study was not enough to include all the women who participated in the course in the local labor market.

As Noites [Alf layla wa-layla] foram primeiramente traduzidas e publicadas pelo orientalista francês Antoine Galland, no início do século XVIII. Em sua tradução, Galland não somente seguiu a concepção de sua época de adaptar a obra para o gosto francês como também inseriu novas histórias em sua versão que não pertenciam ao original, de modo que suas Les mille et une nuits não se constituíram como um retrato fiel das Noites árabes. E foi este trabalho que, encontrando um sucesso triunfal desde sua publicação, divulgou as histórias das Noites por todo o Ocidente, e inspirou novas produções literárias. No século XIX, muitos autores românticos buscaram o enriquecimento de sua imaginação nas cores do maravilhoso oriental, entre eles está Charles Nodier, que registrou seu interesse por Les mille et une nuits em seus textos teóricos e literários . Nesse sentido, no âmbito de um estudo comparado, é possível perceber que seu conto intitulado \"Les quatre talismans\" compartilha de determinadas semelhanças com as seguintes histórias de Les mille et une nuits: prólogo-moldura, \"Histoire du pêcheur\", \"Histoire du roi grec et du médecin Douban\", \"Histoire de trois calenders fils de rois et de cinq dames de Bagdad\", \"Histoire du seconde calender\", \"Histoire du petit bossu\", \"Histoire que raconta le marchand chrétien\" - todas elas traduzidas por Galland do manuscrito árabe das Noites -; \"Histoire d\'Aladdin\" e \"Histoire de l\'aveugle Baba-Abdalla\" - ambas ausentes das Noites, correspondendo, portanto, a inserções do orientalista em sua versão. Comparativamente, a análise de elementos, como a técnica narrativa, os temas e os motivos das histórias, atestam não somente as apropriações de Nodier a partir de Les mille et une nuits, mas também a própria originalidade do autor, que transforma o modelo das histórias provindas das Noites e das narrativas inseridas por Galland, criando, assim, um conto peculiar. / Nights [Alf layla wa-layla] were first translated and published by the French orientalist Antoine Galland in the beginning of the XVIII century. In his translation, Galland not only followed the conception of his time to adapt the literary work to the French taste, but also inserted new stories in its version that didn\'t belong to the original, so that his Les mille et une nuits didn\'t constitute a real portrait of the Arabian Nights. And was this literary work that, finding a triumphal success since its publication, disclosed the stories of Nights to the whole West, and inspired new literary productions. In the XIX century, many Romantic writers searched the enrichment of their imagination in the colors of the oriental wonder; among them is Charles Nodier, who registered his interest for Les mille et une nuits in many of his theoretical and literary texts. In this sense, in the field of the compared literature, it is possible to notice that his tale entitled \"Les quatre talismans\" shares some similarities with the following stories of Les mille et une nuits: prologue- frame, \" Histoire du pêcheur\", \"Histoire du roi grec et du médecin Douban\", \" Histoire de trois calenders fils de rois et de cinq dames de Bagdad\", \"Histoire du seconde calender\", \"Histoire du petit bossu\" , \"Histoire que raconta le marchand chrétien\" - all of them translated by Galland from the Arabian manuscript of Nights - \"Histoire d\'Aladdin\" and \"Histoire de l\'aveugle Baba-Abdalla\"- both absent in Nights, corresponding, therefore, insertions from the orientalist in his version. Comparatively, the analyses of elements, such as narrative technique, the themes and the reasons of the stories, certify not only the appropriation of Nodier from Les mille et une nuits, but also the originality of the author itself, that transforms the model of the stories from Nights and from the narratives inserted by Galland, criating, thus, a peculiar tale.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-17T12:47:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Andr?a Simoni Manarin Tunin.pdf: 4529369 bytes, checksum: 15a17388cb4bbf2b0194391a04a114dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T12:47:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Andr?a Simoni Manarin Tunin.pdf: 4529369 bytes, checksum: 15a17388cb4bbf2b0194391a04a114dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-15 / The Thousand Women Program was originally structured in the country through a partnership between Brazil and some colleges of Canada in 2007. It aimed at the educational, professional and civic formation of economically disadvantaged women in the North and Northeast. From 2011 on, it was set up and developed by the Ministry of Education through the Department of Professional and Technological Education, by entering into a series of priorities of the Federal Government. The Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ)- campus Volta Redonda, since 2012, is part of the offering institutions. Although this offer is not exclusive of the Federal Institutes, that is where the program has been developing and expanding itself, as well as the Federal Education Network. Since 2012, I experience while managing the existing barriers between the planning and the execution of that policy. According to the principles and guidelines recommended by the Thousand Women Program, it becomes a challenge to achieve and perform all the actions scheduled to human and financial resources available. The overall goal of the research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the inclusion of women in vulnerable situations in the Thousand Women Program of IFRJ-CVR policies. The methodological research procedure is through ethnography, valuing data obtained through participant observation and detailed monitoring of the researched object of everyday life. The qualitative characteristic is prevalent in the understanding of the data collected. Data obtained through documents, laws and regulations related to the Thousand Women Program are used, as well as interviews, questionnaires and testimonials of those who were part of the program. It was sought to combine the interpretation of these data with the literature of classical education researchers. The results were interpreted by the bias of critical ethnography that considers the cultural, political and economic aspects to complete the work. It is hoped that the reader, when approaching the research content, understands the history of public gender policies, building and running the Thousand Women Program, as well as the results obtained by it as an inclusive action / O Programa Mulheres Mil foi inicialmente estruturado no pa?s por meio de uma parceria entre o Brasil e alguns colleges do Canad? no ano de 2007. Tinha como objetivo a forma??o educacional, profissional e cidad? de mulheres economicamente desfavorecidas nas regi?es Norte e Nordeste do pa?s. A partir de 2011, foi institu?do e desenvolvido pelo Minist?rio da Educa??o atrav?s da Secretaria de Educa??o Profissional e Tecnol?gica, inserindo-se em um conjunto de prioridades do Governo Federal. O IFRJ- campus Volta Redonda, desde 2012, faz parte das Institui??es ofertantes. Apesar desta oferta n?o ser exclusiva dos Institutos Federais, ? nela que prioritariamente o programa vem se desenvolvendo e se expandindo, assim como a pr?pria Rede Federal de Ensino. Desde 2012, vivencio, enquanto gestora, os entraves existentes entre o planejamento e a execu??o dessa pol?tica. De acordo com os princ?pios e diretrizes preconizados pelo Programa Mulheres Mil, torna-se um desafio atingir e executar todas as a??es programadas com os recursos humanos e financeiros dispon?veis. O objetivo geral da pesquisa ? avaliar a efic?cia das pol?ticas de inclus?o de mulheres em situa??o de vulnerabilidade no Programa Mulheres Mil do IFRJ-CVR. O procedimento metodol?gico da pesquisa se d? atrav?s da etnografia, valorizando dados obtidos atrav?s da observa??o participante e acompanhamento detalhado do cotidiano do objeto pesquisado. A caracter?stica qualitativa ? predominante no entendimento dos dados coletados. S?o utilizados dados obtidos atrav?s de documentos, leis e regulamentos relacionados ao Programa Mulheres Mil, bem como entrevistas, question?rios e depoimentos daqueles que fizeram parte do programa. Buscou-se aliar a interpreta??o destes dados com o levantamento bibliogr?fico de pesquisadores cl?ssicos da educa??o. Os resultados obtidos foram interpretados pelo vi?s da etnografia cr?tica que leva em considera??o os aspectos culturais, pol?ticos e econ?micos para a conclus?o do trabalho. Espera-se que o leitor ao se aproximar do conte?do da pesquisa compreenda o hist?rico das pol?ticas p?blicas de g?nero, a constru??o e execu??o do programa mulheres mil, assim como os resultados obtidos por ele enquanto uma a??o inclusiva

Le sud-est du Domaine royal capétien est longtemps resté ignoré des études sur les débuts de l’architecture romane. Ceci est en grande partie lié à la position marginale qu’il occupe par rapport aux grands ensembles de l’historiographie, un état de fait qui découle comme nous avons eu l’occasion de le montrer d’une longue évolution historique depuis l’époque celtique où la zone fut subdivisée entre Sénons et Carnutes. Les premiers souverains capétiens ont toutefois porté un intérêt particulier à cette région, tentant au XIe siècle d’unifier l’espace compris entre leurs trois grands centres : Orléans, Étampes et Melun, face aux poussées de leurs rivaux bléso-champenois. L’activité architecturale semble alors battre son plein, avec de très nombreuses constructions, certes secondaires, mais témoignant d’un certain dynamisme architectural à cette époque. L’examen des monuments les plus importants, confrontés aux autres réalisations phares menées par les Capétiens dans le reste de leur Domaine royal, permet d’envisager le développement d’une politique édilitaire, favorisant certaines formes architecturales monumentales comme la tour-porche ou le chevet dit harmonique, dans une volonté claire de la part des nouveaux souverains de s’imposer visuellement dans le paysage, de se positionner en héritiers de leurs prédécesseurs carolingiens et de s’imposer face à leurs contemporains ottoniens, en reprenant certaines de leurs formes architecturales les plus emblématiques. Ces résultats ne doivent pas cacher en revanche des questions laissées en suspens, notamment en ce qui concerne les datations des édifices considérés ici. L’architecture apparaît en effet assez uniforme, entre petit appareil de tradition antique, opus spicatum, remplois de sarcophages haut-médiévaux et débuts du moyen appareil ; et les critères de datation généralement admis s’opposent à ceux des rares décors conservés. / The southeast of the Capetian royal Domain remained for a long time unknown by studies on the beginnings of Romasnesque architecture. This is largely connected to the marginal position which it occupies compared with the large sets of the historiography, an established fact which ensues as we had the opportunity to show it of a long historic evolution since the Celtic period when the zone was subdivided between Sénons and Carnutes. The first Capetian sovereigns however carried a particular interest in this region, trying in the 11th century to unify the space between their three big centers : Orléans, Étampes and Melun, in front of pushes of their bléso-champenois rivals. The architectural activity then seems to be in full swing, with very numerous constructions, certainly secondary, but testifying of a certain architectural dynamism at that time. The examination of the most important buildings, confronted with the other key realizations led by the Capetians in the rest of their royal Domain, allows us to envisage the development of a artistic policy, favoring certain architectural monumental forms as tower-hall and harmonious bedhead, in a clear will on behalf of the new sovereigns to stand out visually in the landscape, to position in heirs of their Carolingian predecessors and to stand out in front of their ottonian contemporaries, by taking back their most symbolic architectural forms. These results can’t hide on the other hand questions left unsettled, in particular as regards the datings of buildings considered here. The architecture indeed seems rather uniform, between walls with small rubbles, opus spicatum, re-uses of high-medieval sarcophagus, and beginnings of carved stone ; and the generally admitted criteria of dating oppose those of the rare preserved decorations.

<p>This report is a result of a thesis work done for Linköping University at Contraves Space AG in Zürich, Switzerland. The aim was to perform an analysis of 12 interface standards and construct a simple breadboard, which should function as a testsystem for the data communication interface MIL-STD-1553. </p><p>The conclusion of the extensive analysis is that SpaceWire, MIL-STD-1553 and CAN are the most interesting interfaces for future data communication in spacecrafts. In the breadboard part of the work, a test system was built and data gathered with help from a demonstration program that came with one of the components.</p>

In the 400-600 mm annual rainfall zone of the Sahel, soil fertility is the main determinant of yield in rainfed millet cropping systems in all but the driest years. Numerous on-farm and on-station experiments have addressed the issue of improving soil fertility. Yet the widespread use of the experimental results is restricted by the highly site specific millet response to fertility management practices due to high spatially variable soil properties as well as high intra- and inter-annual rainfall variability. Mathematical soil-crop growth simulation models could therefore suitably complement experimental research to support decision making regarding soil fertility under variable rainwater supply conditions. The objective of this thesis was therefore to develop the biophysical basis for the use of crop-soil models in decision support regarding water and soil fertility management and risk mitigation strategies in rainfed millet-based systems of Sahelian Niger. Because farmers rely on multiple cultivars with variable length of growing cycle due to sensitivity to temperature and photoperiod as part of their risk management strategies we first characterized seven Sahelian millet genotypes and parameterized the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM-millet model). The cultivars include three improved cultivars (CIVT, ICMV-IS-89305, ZATIB) and four landraces (Ankoutes, Hainikirey, Maewa and Zongo). Our research showed that only one of the cultivars, Maewa, was very photosensitive contrary to the six others. The majority of the agronomic state variables (leaf number, leaf area, biomass and grain yield) were negatively affected by late sowing (associated with lower air temperatures). This characterization enabled to compute for the first time in the Sahel the principal eco-physiological or genetic millet parameters (thermal times of development phases, leaf area dynamics) of crop growth models (e.g. APSIM, DSSAT). To gain confidence in the use of the APSIM model for decision support in the Sahelian environment, it was successfully tested to reproduce the agronomic state variables under non-limiting water and nutrient supply conditions. Moreover the APSIM model satisfactorily reproduced the millet CIVT cultivar response to water x N interaction from the combined application of crop residue, cattle manure and mineral fertilizer during two years and for contrasted rainfall conditions. Using the model with site and cultivar specific parameterization, we implemented two applications for decision support. A 23-year, long term factorial numerical experiment showed that a moderate N application of 15 kg N/ha is more appropriate for smallholder, subsistence farmers than the usual 30 kg N/ha recommendation. Although it implies a lower long term average yield than at 30 kg N/ha, the application of 15 kg N/ha guarantees both a higher minimum yield in extreme dry years and a lower inter-annual variability, thereby increasing food security and reducing farmers vulnerability. In the second model application, we integrated GIS information (land tenure, spatially distributed weather data, fertility management) and the APSIM model in a 12-year yield simulation to show that the spatial dispersion of fields of a household throughout the village territory (farmer risk management strategy) leads to more uniform yields across households and reduces the inter-annual yield variability in the Fakara region of Niger. Our research breaks the ground for several other applications of the use of crop-soil simulation models in millet-based systems in the Sahel, e.g. climate change impact and food crisis mitigation. / Dans la zone Sahélienne avec 400 à 600 mm de précipitation annuelle, la fertilité des sols est le principal facteur déterminant des rendements du mil pluvial hormis lors des années plus sèches. De nombreuses expérimentations au champ et en station ont abordé la question de l’amélioration de la fertilité des sols. Cependant, l’extrapolation de ces résultats, et a forciori leur utilisation par les agriculteurs, est limitée par le fait que la réponse du mil à ces pratiques de fertilité dépend fortement des propriétés des sols très variables dans l’espace ainsi que de la pluviométrie annuelle et sa répartition intra-annuelle. Les modèles mathématiques et dynamiques de simulation de la croissance des plantes peuvent donc utilement compléter la recherche expérimentale pour l’aide à la décision en ce qui concerne la gestion de la fertilité des sols dans diverses conditions d’alimentation hydrique. L’objectif de cette thèse était donc de développer les bases biophysiques pour l’utilisation de modèles de croissance des cultures en vue de leur utilisation comme outils d’aide à la décision en matière de gestion de l’eau et la fertilité des sols dans les systèmes de culture à base de mil en zone sahélienne du Niger. Puisque les paysans utilisent de multiples variétés de mil avec des cycles de croissance variables en tant qu’élément dans leurs stratégies de gestion des risques, nous avons d’abord caractérisé sept génotypes de mil Sahelien en vue de la paramétrisation du model dynamique APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator). Trois variétés améliorées (CIVT, ICMV-IS-89305, ZATIB) et quatre variétés locales paysannes (Ankoutes, Hainikirey, Maewa et Zongo) ont été étudiées. Notre recherche a montré que seule une des variétés, l’écotype Maewa, est très photosensible contrairement aux six autres. La majorité des variables agronomiques (nombre de feuille, surface foliaire, biomasse et rendement en grain) ont été négativement affectées par un semis tardif (associés à des températures de l’air plus faibles). Cette caractérisation a permis de calculer pour la première fois au Sahel les principaux paramètres éco-physiologiques du mil (durée thermique des phases de développement, dynamique de la surface foliaire), indispensables aux modèles dynamiques de croissance des plantes tels qu’APSIM et DSSAT. Le modèle APSIM a permis de reproduire avec succès les variables agronomiques de 6 des 7 variétés de mil en condition nonlimitante d’apport en eau et en nutriments. De plus, le modèle APSIM a reproduit de manière satisfaisante la réponse de la variété améliorée CIVT à l’interaction de l’eau et de l’azote suite à l’apport combiné de résidus de récolte, de fumier de bétail et d’engrais minéral sur deux années ayant des pluviométries contrastées. Ceci a permis de renforcer la confiance dans l’utilisation du modèle APSIM comme outil d’aide à la décision dans l’environnement Sahélien. Sur base du modèle APSIM ainsi paramétrisé pour des conditions spécifiques de site et de variété, nous avons développé deux applications en matière d’aide à la décision. Une expérimentation factorielle numérique à long terme (23 ans) a révélé que l’application d’une dose modérée d’azote (15 kg N/ha) est plus appropriée dans le contexte d’une agriculture de subsistance que la recommandation habituelle de 30 kg N/ha. Bien qu’elle implique un rendement moyen à long terme inférieur à celui obtenu avec 30 kg N/ha, l’application de 15 kg N/ha garantit un plus grand rendement minimum pendant les années sèches extrêmes et une variabilité inter-annuelle plus faible, ce qui permet de garantir une meilleure sécurité alimentaire tout en réduisant la vulnérabilité des paysans. Dans la deuxième application du modèle, nous avons intégré des données SIG (parcellaire villageois, données climatiques et de pratiques de gestion de fertilité distribuées dans l’espace) et le modèle APSIM dans une simulation de rendement de mil sur 12 années. Ceci a permis de montrer que la dispersion spatiale des champs d’un ménage dans le terroir villageois (stratégie paysanne de gestion du risque) permet l’obtention de rendements plus uniformes entre ménages au sein du même village et de réduire la variabilité inter-annuelle des rendements de chaque ménage dans la région de Fakara au Niger. Notre recherche ouvre la voie à plusieurs autres applications de l’utilisation des modèles dynamiques de croissance des plantes dans les systèmes à base de mil au Sahel, par exemple dans l’étude de l’impact des changements climatiques et de prévention des crises alimentaires.

This report is a result of a thesis work done for Linköping University at Contraves Space AG in Zürich, Switzerland. The aim was to perform an analysis of 12 interface standards and construct a simple breadboard, which should function as a testsystem for the data communication interface MIL-STD-1553. The conclusion of the extensive analysis is that SpaceWire, MIL-STD-1553 and CAN are the most interesting interfaces for future data communication in spacecrafts. In the breadboard part of the work, a test system was built and data gathered with help from a demonstration program that came with one of the components.

O Livro das mil e uma noites, traduzido por Richard Francis Burton do árabe para o inglês, no séc. XIX, causou um forte impacto na sociedade vitoriana por seu conteúdo erótico. Ao tentar superar as traduções de seus antecessores, Burton reuniu diversos manuscritos e versões impressas, para tentar abarcar o máximo possível de contos, além de acrescentar abundantes notas de rodapé acerca dos costumes da sociedade árabe dos países por onde ele viajou como representante do governo britânico. Sua tradução, constante na biblioteca pessoal de Jorge Luis Borges, inspirou um considerável número de contos desse autor. No âmbito da literatura comparada, as Noites representam um importante hipotexto para a obra borgeana, que reutilizou seus temas, argumentos, imitou seu estilo. Analisar as formas de transcendência textual na obra do autor argentino, através das classificações de Gérard Genette, possibilita uma interpretação das suas relações inter e hipertextual com os contos árabes. Genette procura delimitar com mais precisão termos como paródia, charge, pastiche, sátira, por exemplo, que continuamente são confundidos numa análise mais geral. A obra borgeana tem sido muito genericamente taxada de paródica, mas suas relações intertextuais são muito mais complexas, não apenas com as Mil e uma Noites, mas com todos os autores por ele transformados. Além disso, Borges é o criador de uma nova linguagem, de certos gêneros: como o conto ensaístico e a pseudo-tradução, elencados por Genette, que tem como fonte as Noites. Borges reutiliza o tradicional conto árabe modernizando-o e adaptando-o ao seu próprio estilo e aos tempos modernos, criando formas inteiramente novas de narrativa. / The book of the Thousands Nights and a Night, translated by Richard Francis Burton from Arabic into English, in the century. XIX, caused a strong impact on Victorian society for its erotic content. In trying to overcome the translations of his predecessors, Burton met several manuscripts and printed versions, trying to cover as much of tales, while adding abundant footnotes about the customs of Arab society of the countries through which he traveled as a representative of the British government . His translation, the constant personal library of Jorge Luis Borges, inspired a considerable number of short stories by this author. In the context of comparative literature, the Nights represent an important hypotext to work Borges, who reused their themes, arguments, imitated his style. Analyze textual forms of transcendence in the work of the Argentine author, through the ratings Gérard Genette, provides an interpretation of their relationship with the inter-and hypertextual Arab tales. Genette seeks to define more precisely terms like parody, caricature, pastiche, satire, for example, are continually confounded a more general analysis. Borges\'s work has been very generically labeled as parody, but their intertextual relationships are much more complex, not only with the Thousand and One Nights, but with all the authors he transformed. Moreover, Borges is the creator of a new language, certain genres: the short story as essayistic and pseudo-translation, listed by Genette, whose source the Nights. Borges reuses the traditional Arabic tale modernizing it and adapting it to their own style and modern times, creating entirely new ways of storytelling.

Este estudo compara a mímese poética do mundo árabe-islâmico, especialmente no livro de contos As mil e uma noites, com a mímese poética do mundo hispano-americano na obra literária de Jorge Luis Borges. A obra anônima das Noites tornou-se a principal referência para especular tanto as formas e as estratégias de construção narrativa quanto os conteúdos temáticos na criação poética do escritor argentino. Devido à magnitude da produção literária borgeana, este estudo considerou o livro El Aleph (1946) e três contos de El libro de arena (1975)- El espejo y la máscara, Undr e El disco. O trabalho se propõe afirmar que a poética árabe-islâmica, enquanto acervo da cultura universal constituiu-se num dos elementos vitais para a construção da poética narrativa de Jorge Luis Borges / This study compares the poetic mimesis of the Arabic-Islamic world, specially the book of tales The Arabian Nights, with the poetic mimesis of the American- Hispanic world in Jorge Luis Borges literary production. The anonymous literary composition The Arabian Nights became the main reference to speculate both the form and the narrative construction strategies as well as the thematic contents as a poetic creation of the Argentinian author. Due to the magnitude of the borgesian literary production, this study has only considered the book El Aleph (1946) and three narratives of El libro de arena (1975) El espejo y la máscara, Undr and El disco. As a result, the study proposes to state that the Arabic- Islamic Poetics, albeit a universal cultural patrimony, constituted itself in one of the vital elements to the construction of Jorge Luis Borges Narrative Poetics