Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur svensk nyhetsrapportering framställer ungdomsbrottsligheten i Sverige. Vidare var syftet att undersöka vilka möjliga orsaker media antar ligger till grund för ungdomsbrottsligheten samt hur media genom diskurser kan konstruera samhällets syn på ungdomsbrottsligheten. Detta gjordes genom att analysera 22 nyhetsartiklar från fyra svenska nyhetstidningar med hjälp av Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys, socialkonstruktivism som kunskapsteori samt ett intersektionellt perspektiv. I analysen kunde vi identifiera tre diskurser: diskursen om socialt utsatta områden, diskursen om ungdomar ochdiskursen om samhällets ansvar. Resultatet visade att ungdomar som begår brott framställdes som en homogen grupp beståendes av pojkar och unga män. Vidare fann vi att ungdomarna sällan kom till tals själva och en återkommande anledning till varför de gjorde sig skyldiga till brott var pengar. Resultatet visade även att samhället har en stor betydelse för dessa ungdomar. Bland annat framkom det att brister i det sociala arbetet bidrog till att ungdomarna valde den kriminella vägen eftersom de upplevde ett svek från samhället. Slutligen fann vi att media försökte dekonstruera bilden av ungdomsbrottsligheten, dock misslyckades de när det kom till diskursen om socialt utsatta områden då denna förändring ligger på en högre samhällsnivå. / The aim of this study wasto examine how Swedish news media portrays juvenile delinquencyin Sweden. Furthermore, the purpose wasto examine the possible causes media assumes lay behind juvenile delinquency and how media through discourses may construct the public image on juvenile delinquency. This was made through an analysis of 22 news articles from four Swedish newspapers together with Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis, social constructivism as a theory of knowledge, and by applying an intersectional perspective to the material. We identified three discourses in the analysis: the discourse on socially disadvantaged areas, the discourse on adolescents and the discourse on society's responsibility. The results showed that young people who commit crimes were presented as a homogenous group of boys and young men. A recurrent reason found as to why they commit crimes was money. The results also showed that the society plays a big part for these young people as shortcomings in social work led to experiences of betrayal on society’s side and hence contributed to many young offenders to opt for a criminal career. The analysis also revealed clear attempts by the media to deconstruct the image of juvenile delinquency, without however succeeding to overcome the effects of the discourse on socially disadvantageous areas, which appearedto be strongly entrenched in current Swedish public life.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka var studenter inhämtar information om coronarestriktionerna samt deras förtroende gentemot olika medier och medieaktörer. Studien tillämpar en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en deduktiv ansats. Populationen avser studenter vid universitet och högskola mellan 18 - 40+ år. Data har samlats in via en webbaserad enkät. Enkäten resulterade i 135 godtagbara svar som har analyserats med hjälp av Google forms. Studiens resultat visar att studenterna huvudsakligen inhämtar information om coronarestriktionerna genom journalistiska nyhetsmedier. Folkhälsomyndigheten är det mest trovärdiga källan i frågan, medan studenterna hade lägst förtroende för influencers. För ett mer trovärdigt resultat hade det krävts fler respondenter i undersökningen. Studien bidrar till teoretisk kunskap angående studenternas val av medier och medieaktörer i rapporteringen om coronarestriktionerna. Studien bidrar även till en generell uppfattning om studenternas förtroende för olika medier och medieaktörer. Vidare forskning föreslås undersöka om dessa attityder gentemot medier och medieaktörer återspeglar deras beteenden. Det hade även varit intressant att studera andra grupper samt ta hänsyn till andra variabler som kan tänkas vara bakomliggande orsaker till val av medier och medieaktörer under en samhällskris. / The aim of this essay is to investigate where students obtain information about the coronarestrictions and how they rely on different media and media actors in the matter.  The study applies a quantitative research method with a deductive approach. Data were collected through a web-based survey and was answered by 135 students aged 18 - 41+. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 17 questions regarding the students' collection of information about the coronarestrictions. Collection of information regarding the coronarestrictions takes place mainly through journalistic news media. The public health authority information about the coronarestrictions proved to be the most credible source among the students. The results also showed that influencers were the least reliable. The conclusion of the study is not completely credible. The study required more extensive answers.  This contributes to a lack of factors which leads to the result of the study not being enough. The study contributes to theoretical knowledge about students' collection of information in the media about the coronarestrictions. The choice of media actors and attitudes towards them. Further research is suggested to investigate whether these attitudes towards the media and media actors reflect their behavior. It would also have been interesting to study other groups and take into account other variables that may be underlying reasons for the choice of media and media actors during a societal crisis.

Fake news has long been a part of the news landscape but has in recent times, as the market for online news has grown, become an increasingly occurring problem in contemporary news media and society. By analyzing the content published by the largest American news organizations this thesis provides an overview of the occurrence of fake news and clickbait on the competitive news market. Competition for the readers' limited attention has been known to create a thirst to be first and may lead to the consequences of unethical behavior by the organizations. But what does that mean? Fake news can be categorized as biased information which in turn can be divided into two parts, misinformation and disinformation. Disinformation is the intentional spread of wrong or biased information and in the scope of this thesis a news site’s intention is determined through its use of clickbait. This study also evaluates the fake news and clickbait present in the most popular news articles by readers in order to see if the competition is increasing the use of tools for competitive advantages within the market for news. With this information it is possible to categorize the news article as one of three stages of morality which in turn is used to evaluate to what degree the organization is fulfilling the ethical aspect of their corporate social responsibility. The study finds that all but one of the explored organizations are fulfilling their ethical responsibility.

The purpose of the thesis is i) to discover the latent topics of SDG13 and their coverage in news media ii) to investigate the share of OA and Non-OA articles and reviews in each topic iii) to compare the share of different OA types (Green, Gold, Hybrid and Bronze) in each topic. It imposes a heuristic perspective and explorative approach in reviewing the three concepts open access, altmetrics and climate action (SDG13). Data is collected from SciVal, Unpaywall, Altmetric.com and Scopus rendering a dataset of 70,206 articles and reviews published between 2014-2018. The documents retrieved are analyzed with descriptive statistics and topic modeling using Sklearn’s package for LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation) in Python. The findings show an altmetric advantage for OA in the case of news media and SDG13 which fluctuates over topics. News media is shown to focus on subjects with “visible” effects in concordance with previous research on media coverage. Examples of this were topics concerning emissions of greenhouse gases and melting glaciers. Gold OA is the most common type being mentioned in news outlets. It also generates the highest number of news mentions while the average sum of news mentions was highest for documents published as Bronze. Moreover, the thesis is largely driven by methods used and most notably the programming language Python. As such it outlines future paths for research into the three concepts reviewed as well as methods used for topic modeling and programming.

The purpose of this study is to contribute with a sociological understanding of how Swedish news media contribute to “doing” and maintaining gender in society as a result of their choices in the media around high profile people (“celebrities”). Previous research has studied gender and the media from other angles, but mostly focused on the fact that women are subordinate to men, rather than questioning how that is maintained by the media. These inturn strengthen the argument about existing differences between women and men in the Swedish media supply. However, unlike previous studies, this study will focus on how the media’s choice of news and ways to contribute to “doing” gender can be affected by celebrity. This type of issue can generate knowledge about the mutual relationship that exists between society’s view on gender and the reproduction of gender roles as a result of media representations.To answer this, the study will analyze two Swedish cases, around two famous people, CissiWallin and Paolo Roberto. The study was conducted through a qualitative content analysisbased on material from the databases Mediearkivet and Pressreader. In total, the materialconsists of eight articles on each case, spread over the past five years. The analysis showed that news media play a central role in society's views on gender as a result of mediareporting. The journalists behind the media often took a male perspective where Paolo Roberto and other men in the articles appeared positive, while Cissi Wallin and other female actors who appeared were attributed a disparaged role. Judging from the analysis, there are differences in the journalists' presentation between women and men in the Swedish newsmedia that contribute to strengthening gender normative roles and maintaining gender insociety. This study argues that this can be explained by theories about power and gender. One of the most central results is that the journalists behind the media add to the normalization of female subordination by their choices of media reports. For example by exploiting the readers' interest in celebrities, which thus results in the media reaching a larger audience that absorbs the content and reproduces the current gender power structure. / Syftet med denna studie är att förmedla en fördjupad sociologisk förståelse rörande hur nyhetsmedia bidrar till “att göra” kön och upprätthålla genus i samhället till följd av sina val i media rörande högprofilerade personer (“kändisar”). Tidigare forskning har studerat genus och media från andra infallsvinklar, men har mestadels fokuserat på det faktum att kvinnor är underordnade männen, snarare än hur media är en bidragande faktor till att upprätthålla denna typ av könsmaktsordning. Dessa stärker i sin tur argumentet om existerande skillnader mellan kvinnor respektive män inom det svenska medieutbudet. Men, till skillnad från tidigare studier kommer denna undersökning att fokusera på hur medias val av nyheter och sätt att bidra till att ”göra kön” kan påverkas av att det handlar om ’högprofilerade personer’ (såkallade ”kändisar”). Denna typ av frågeställning kan generera kunskap om den ömsesidiga relation som existerar mellan samhällets synsätt på genus och reproducerandet av könsroller till följd av medierepresentationerna.För att besvara detta kommer den föreliggande undersökningen att analysera medialaställningstaganden vid rapporteringen om Cissi Wallin och Paolo Roberto. Undersökningen har genomförts genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys baserad på material från databaserna Mediearkivet och Pressreader. Sammantaget består materialet av åtta artiklar som behandlar vardera fall, fördelade över de senaste fem åren. I analysen framkom att nyhetsmedia spelar en central roll vad gäller samhällets synsätt på genus till följd av medierapporteringen. Journalisterna bakom medierapporteringen intog ofta ett manligt perspektiv där Paolo Roberto och andra män i artiklarna framstod positivt, medan Cissi Wallin och andra kvinnliga aktörer som förekom tillskrevs en nedvärderande roll. Från analysen att döma förekommer skillnader i hur journalisternas väljer att framställa högprofilerade kvinnor respektive mäninom svensk nyhetsmedia, vilket bidrar till att stärka könsnormativa föreställningar och upprätthålla genus i samhället. Denna studie argumenterar för att detta kan förklaras genom teorier om makt och kön. Ett av de mest centrala resultaten är att journalisterna genom sina val av nyheter i media spär på normaliseringen av kvinnlig underordning. Exempelvis genom att utnyttja läsarnas intresse för kändisar, vilket således resulterar i att medierna når ut till en större publik som tar till sig innehållet och reproducerar den rådande könsmaktsordningen.

In September 2017, an online petition urged a Swiss candy factory to change the name of its chocolate covered meringue candy from the questionable name “Mohrenkopf” (engl. moor’s head) to anything non-racist. This demand caused a big public outcry and led to the debate over the legitimacy of the name. The aim of this present thesis is to examine the role of the Swiss news media in a discourse of racism by looking at their response to the petition. The data sample of 30 newspaper articles was analyzed with an analytical framework modeled after van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach to critical discourse analysis. The theoretical framework for the analysis is based on mass communication theories, discourse theory as well as on the concept of commodity and retro racism. The results demonstrated the power of Swiss news media in the debate and showed how deep denial of racism is rooted in Swiss society, which finds expression in retro racism. Ultimately, the findings question the neutrality of Swiss news media in discourses of racism.

The purpose of this thesis is to understand how Danish and Swedish news media and governments framed “the refugee crisis” in the context of the Swedish implementation of border controls in 2015 and the removal of external border controls in 2017. We operationalize framing theory (Entman 1993) to understand the differences and similarities in the framing of "the refugee crisis” in Denmark and Sweden. While the main focus is media representations, policy documents are included in the study to deepen the analysis and understand the similarities and differences across migration policies. Through a quantitative content analysis of 259 newspaper articles from eight Danish and Swedish newspapers, a framing analysis of ten policy documents and a qualitative framing analysis of the overall frames in the news articles and policy documents, we identified a dialectic relation of power between media and political discourse in both countries. We found that issues defined and represented in policy documents tend to reflect the challenges that news media define and the other way around. Even though Danish and Swedish newspapers and policy documents highlight similar problems, our data indicates clear differences in migration policies, in the two countries, in terms of the framing of asylum seekers, refugees and political events in 2015.

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The thesis investigates propaganda in the online news coverage about the media law proposal Lex TVN, committed to the Polish parliament in 2021. The mixed methods approach applied in the research is based on a novel analytical matrix combining the Propaganda Model theory (Herman & Chomsky, 1988) and modalities of propaganda techniques (Da San Martino et al., 2020). The main findings indicate that propaganda in the coverage about the Lex TVN is a cross-platform issue; that it occured in different forms, as: sources, critical content (flak) or expressions of ideological preferences; and that it was created using various propaganda techniques. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates that propaganda was used for several reasons: to attract attention of the readers; to increase the firm’s profit and popularity; to express the stance of the media brand towards the bill Lex TVN; and to criticize the current government. The study contributes to the field of Media and Communication Studies by using the novel analytical matrix that tests the applicability of the PM in a new geopolitical context, Poland, and adds to the academically unexplored research area of news propaganda in Polish media. Several topics for further studies are suggested: the analysis of propaganda in the news coverage published by the Polish state media brand TVPInfo; an investigation of the news reception in Poland and the ability of the Polish news readers to identify news propaganda; and lastly, studying potential positive effects of news propaganda in the Polish context.