無 / According to Taiwanese official data in 2008, there are estimated 450,000 new immigrant women came to Taiwan for marriage; who are usually called “foreign brides.” Most new immigrant women come from Mainland China and Southeast Asia, and they have become the fifth largest ethnic group in Taiwan in the past decade. However, new immigrants are the vulnerable and disadvantageous minority groups in Taiwan’s society. They have often been ill-treated and suffered social discrimination; thus creates many social problems. New immigrant protection Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), with their dedication, passion, and flexibility, help resolve numerous plights and problems for new immigrants. Another emphasis of this study focuses on the NGO’s campaign for anti-human trafficking in Taiwan. Human trafficking is a serious and intolerable crime which the efforts of countries worldwide to combat human trafficking are watched and evaluated by U.S. In June 2008, the U.S. State Department announced the Trafficking in Persons Report 2008; in which Taiwan was ranked “Tier 2,” indicating that more anti-trafficking efforts need to be made. NGOs around the world are engaged in combating human trafficking in variety activities including prevention, prosecution, protection, rescues/raids, reintegration, and repatriation. NGOs often work with few resources yet can be effective in complimenting the activities of governments, or even taking the place of government efforts. To combat human trafficking, Taiwanese NGO such as Taipei Women’s Rescue Foundation is inquired by international NGOs about Taiwanese government’s strategy. The roles of NGOs in resolving social problems are getting stronger and thus can not be ignored. Through literature review and in-depth interviews, this paper addresses and examines several issues on new immigrant women and human trafficking in Taiwan; also, how new immigrant protection NGOs in Taiwan deal with those issues is discussed.

在中國國家社會關係變遷趨勢的三個重要焦點是NGO的發展、社會抗爭力量的出現，以及國際行動者在中國社會事務中的角色；而在愛滋NGO的發展過程中，提供了同時觀察這三種相關現象的機會。在議題範疇的視野下，本文聚焦於以華北愛滋問題作為共同關注焦點而類型各異的NGO，討論來自跨國、全國與地方三種空間層次的組織的互動與連結，以及愛滋NGO的活動對於既有國家社會的互動模式形成何種衝擊。 在理論觀點上，本文從「組織場域」的角度出發，援引組織制度論提供的多層次分析策略，以便同時在社會系統、組織場域與組織行動者三個層次觀察愛滋NGO的發展動力與演進軌跡。此外，本文進一步針對研究現象的性質提出「跨界組織場域」與「場域層次的社會自主性」兩項概念，以便具體說明全球在地化的制度擴散歷程，以及此一過程如何可能推動國家社會關係的變化。在經驗分析中，本文指出在華北愛滋問題的範疇中出現的NGO，已經在跨國、全國與地方三種空間層次間形成制度化的跨界組織場域，而此一跨界場域的型構、運作與影響，形成了國家力量未能充分掌控的社會活動空間，並且在提升愛滋NGO組織化程度的同時，也使其呈現出「社會運動產業」的性質。 / The rising of NGO, social resist, and Foreign actors involved in domestic affairs are new dynamics in the transition of state-society relation in china. All these three trends can be observed in AIDS NGO. In the view of issue domain, this dissert study variety of NGO which act at transnational, national, and local level and involve in AIDS governance related to Henan and other adjoin province, where HIV/AIDS diffused in former blood donors. And, this dissert focus on how these NGOs interact, connect and how they change the giver institution arrangement that state sets to limit social forces. Institution theory about organizational field offer rice theoretic tools and analysis strategies to understand the loci and effects of interaction and connection between AIDS NGOs. Beyond organizational field theory, this dissert develop two concepts to explain related phenomenons: “trans-border organization” and “social autonomy of field constructing” In experience, this dissert point out an institutional field which members include IO, INGO and rural organization have emerged. And, the construction, operation and effect of this trans-border organizational field not only promote NGO’s ability to work without state admit, but make their collective action appear the character of “social movement industry”. Key word: state-society relation, golcalization, HIV/AIDS, NGO, organizational field

The purpose of the study was to explore the definitions, benefits, and challenges of collaborations as used by nongovernmental organizations in their pursuit of public policy advocacy, and more specifically the role of NGOs as advocates in the public policy process. A qualitative design using a case study approach was used to examine the collaborative strategies and techniques used by the 12 statewide education NGO members of the Virginia Education Coalition in pursuit of their advocacy goals in public policy. The direction of this study was guided by the following questions: (1) What is collaboration, and when, how, and why it is used by nongovernment organizations to pursue advocacy goals? (2) What advocacy roles do nongovernment organizations play in public policy? (3) What collaborative strategies are used by nongovernment organizations to pursue advocacy goals? This study incorporates observations, in-depth interviews and a review of written documents. An interview guide consisting of 23 questions with probes and follow-ups was used as the primary data collection instrument. Each NGO was a case study in this multicase design. The study reveals that collaborations seem to exist in large part because of the personal relationships of NGO representatives and that advocacy positions and goals are pursued when commonality or consensus is achieved among collaborators. The subordination of individual interests to the interests of the Coalition is addressed in the study. The study found that NGOs enter into collaborations not only when it is mutually beneficial, but also in support of a greater cause. The need of NGOs in the Coalition to speak with a single voice far outweighs their desire to push their individual policy advocacy goals. This study contributes to the nonprofit sector in the literature and specifically addresses nonprofit collaboration and how collaborative strategies and techniques are used by NGOs to influence public policy. The findings of this study are useful for (1) NGO leaders to understand how to cultivate collaboration among leaders in other organizations, (2) the VEC to better understand their own member organizations, (3) coalitions in general to gain insights into the collaborative process.

Alicerçada no pressuposto da inter-relação entre os campos da comunicação e do feminismo, esta proposta pretende fornecer subsídios ao movimento de mulheres e feminista, comprovando que as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) -- que têm na internet a sua maior expressão -- não são um fim, mas um instrumento para a transformação social. Com a revolução das TIC, o avanço do trabalho pela equidade das relações sociais de gênero depara-se com o desafio da mudança de mentalidade. Concomitantemente com a revolução tecnológica, ocorrem as revoluções do aprendizado e da expressão pessoal e interpessoal, acarretando outras formas de representação da mulher em função das novas dinâmicas comunicacionais. É pela comunicação a distância que se vislumbra um caminho de reformulação da agenda feminista, com novas estratégias de intervenção política e de atuação. O recorte da pesquisa foca a implementação do uso da internet -- mais especificamente das redes sociais -- para o avanço da luta contra a violência às mulheres, no âmbito doméstico. Considera-se esta cruel realidade como a mais grave expressão das desigualdades de gênero, as quais foram construídas há milênios, colocando a mulher em condição de subordinação ao homem, o que acarreta prejuízos para toda a sociedade. / Based on the assumption of inter-relation between the fields of communication and feminism, this proposal intends to provide subsidies to the women\'s and feminist movement, proving that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) -- which have in the internet their most significant expression -- are not an end, but rather an instrument for social transformation. With the ICT revolution, the advancement of work for equality in social gender relations faces the challenge of a mentality change. Simultaneously with the technological revolution, the revolutions in the areas of learning and personal and interpersonal expression are occurring, bringing forth new forms of representation of women, made possible by the new communicational dynamics. It is through long-distance communication that it is possible to foresee a path for reformulation of the feminist agenda, with new strategies for political intervention and action. The research focuses on the implementation of the use of the internet for the progression of the specific struggle against violence on women, in the domestic sphere, considering this cruel reality as the gravest expression of gender inequalities, built millennia ago, and which places women in a position of subordination to men, causing damages to society as a whole.

Cette thèse illustre l'émergence d'un Nouveau Management Humanitaire. La recherche en contrôle a montré que le champ de l'aide humanitaire s'est profondément transformé en se structurant autour d'une «chaîne de l'aide» imbriquant des bailleurs internationaux, des ONG internationales mais également de petites ONG situées dans les pays bénéficiaires ; cette même littérature en contrôle a montré que la gestion des ONG est fortement influencée par la relation que ces dernières entretiennent avec les bailleurs internationaux. L'objectif de notre thèse est de contribuer à cette littérature en analysant le rôle et l'influence des dispositifs de contrôle dans la transformation du champ humanitaire. Pour analyser ces transformations, nous proposons le concept de régime de contrôle, défini comme la combinaison d'un système d'accountability, d'un modèle de performance et d'un ensemble cohérent de normes et de valeurs. Pour répondre à cette problématique, notre travail de terrain a constitué en deux immersions ethnographiques, l'une chez Handicap International (HI), l'autre chez Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). Nous montrons que le système d'accountability de Hl sert à «rendre des comptes» aux bailleurs alors que celui de MSF incite les sans-frontiéristes à se « sentir responsables». Le modèle de performance de HI repose sur des systèmes de contrôle centralisés, favorisant la notion d'efficience humanitaire, alors que les caractéristiques du modèle de performance de MSF reflètent une responsabilité budgétaire collective et une prise de risque tolérée. Quant aux normes et valeurs, celles de Hl signalent un processus de managérialisation de l'ONG, matérialisé par le recrutement de « néo-managers humanitaires», alors que les normes et les valeurs élitistes de MSF favorisent l'émergence d'un «néo-entrepreneur humanitaire». Si MSF parvient à adopter un modèle alternatif, c'est parce que l'ONG a su s'affranchir des bailleurs, afficher une forte légitimité auprès de ses parties prenantes externes tout en maintenant des normes et des mécanismes d'accountability interne prégnants. Le cas MSF, en illustrant une organisation alternative au schéma traditionnel de la managérialisation de l'humanitaire, permet de montrer que cette évolution n'est pas inéluctable. / This thesis illustrates the emergence of a "New Humanitarian Management". The field of humanitarian aid has undergone a sound transformation by structuring itself around a "chain of aid" involving international donors, international NGOs as well as small country-based-NGOs. Management Control research has shown that NGOs' management is strongly influenced by their relationship with international donors. The objective of our research is to contribute to this literature by analysing the role and influence of monitoring mechanisms in transforming the humanitarian field. To analyse these transformations, we propose the concept of a control regime, defined as the combination of an accountability system, a performance model and a coherent set of standards and values. Our fieldwork consisted of two ethnographic immersions within Handicap International and then within Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). We show that Handicap's accountability system is used to "report/ give accounts" to donors, while MSF's accountability system encourages MSF members to "feel responsible". Handicap's performance model is based on centralised control systems, promoting the notion of a humanitarian efficiency, while the characteristics of MSF's performance model reflect a collective budgetary responsibility and tolerated risk-taking. As for norms and values, Handicap's norms and values signal a process of managerialization of the NGO, materialized by the recruitment of humanitarian neo-managers, while MSF's elitist norms and values allow the emergence of a humanitarian neo-entrepreneur. MSF has managed to adopt an alternative model because the NGO has been able to free itself from donors and display strong legitimacy with its external stakeholders white maintaining strong internal standards and accountability mechanisms. The MSF case, illustrating an alternative organization to the humanitarian managerialised model, shows that the managerialization of the humanitarian field is not inevitable.

Les partenariats stratégiques entre les ONG et les entreprises sont encore peu étudiés dans le contexte français, mais revêtent une importance de plus en plus forte, tant sur le plan théorique qu’empirique. L’objectif de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre ces relations très particulières entre deux organisations dont les objectifs sont a priori assez éloignés. L’un des intérêts communs entre les ONG et les entreprises est celui de la Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise (RSE). En effet, la RSE, par-delà même l’ensemble des définitions proposées dans la littérature, questionne la prise en compte des attentes des parties prenantes de l’entreprise, ainsi que la capacité des entreprises à tenir compte de ces parties prenantes et à leur rendre compte. Cette approche est la plus répandue et est qualifiée de « firmo-centrée ». Nous avons choisi ici une approche différente qui se veut « ONG-centrée ». Cela nous est apparu comme une nouvelle manière d’aborder les rapports ONG – Entreprise, qui s’inscrit dans la perspective d’une « open RSE » que nous soutenons dans ce travail. La RSE peut être considérée comme un vecteur qui permet aux ONG d’atteindre les entreprises et d’influencer leur positionnement, leurs stratégies. Nous établissons ainsi notre problématique : Comment les partenariats avec les ONG peuvent-ils influencer la responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise ?Pour y répondre, nous adoptons une démarche de recherche qualitative, multi-cas et comparative. Nous avons suivi deux phases distinctes : onze cas exploratoires puis trois cas en profondeur. Nous suivons démarche abductive, avec plusieurs allers retours entre le terrain et les construits théoriques retenus.L’argument principal défendu dans ce travail doctoral consiste à soutenir que le partenariat stratégique permet aux ONG de contribuer à la construction des stratégies de RS des entreprises. Il est même un levier essentiel de cette construction. Cependant, ce levier stratégique dépend de différentes variables (ou prérequis). Certaines ont déjà été identifiées par la littérature, d’autres non. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence de nouvelles variables et proposons un enrichissement de la littérature. Cet enrichissement prend la forme d’une classification des variables ou pré requis identifiés par la littérature, complétée des nouvelles variables identifiées. L’étude approfondie des cas permet en outre de proposer deux modèles complémentaires des partenariats stratégiques ONG-Entreprises, l’un compréhensif (avec des leviers et des freins) et l’autre dynamique (en quatre phases). Ces modélisations illustrent notre approche qualifiée « d’open RSE » : l’importance de l’ONG dans la définition des stratégies RS des entreprises, ainsi que le caractère dynamique des partenariats ONG-Entreprises sont considérés ensemble. Nous montrons que le partenariat stratégique ONG – Entreprise permet ainsi aux ONG de co-construire les stratégies de RS des entreprises lorsque la dynamique du processus est complète (quatre phases). / Strategic partnerships between NGOs and businesses are still little studied in the French context, but their importance is more and more strong, both empirically and theoretical. The objective of this research is to better understand these very special relations between two organizations whose objectives are a priori quite distant. One of the common interests between NGOs and businesses is the social responsibility of the company (CSR). Indeed, CSR, beyond even the definitions proposed in the literature, all questions taking account of the expectations of the stakeholders of the company, and the ability of companies to take account of these stakeholders, and to their account. This approach is most prevalent and is referred to as 'firmo-centric’. Here we have chosen a different approach which is ‘NGO-centric’. It appeared to us as a new way of approaching the NGO reports - company, which is part of the prospect of a 'open CSR' which we support in this work.CSR can be regarded as a vector that allows NGOs to reach businesses and to influence their positioning, their strategies. Thus, we establish our problematic: how partnerships with NGOs can influence the social responsibility of the company?To respond, we adopt a qualitative research approach, multi case and comparative. We have followed two distinct phases: eleven exploratory cases, and three cases in depth. We follow abductive approach, with several back and forth between the field and the theoretical constructs selected.The main argument in this doctoral work is to support the strategic partnership allows NGOs to contribute to the construction of companies’ social responsibility strategies. It is even a key leverage of this construction. However, this strategic leverage depends on different variables (or requirements). Some have already been identified in the literature, some not. We thus highlight new variables and offer an enrichment of literature. This enrichment takes the form of a classification of variables or prerequisites identified by literature, supplemented by the new identified variables. The comprehensive study of cases can also offer two complementary models of strategic partnerships NGOs - Companies, a comprehensive (with leverages and restraints) and the other dynamic (in four phases). These models illustrate our approach referred to as ‘open CSR’: the importance of the NGO in the definition of companies’ social responsibility strategies, as well as the dynamic character of the NGO-business partnerships, are considered together. We show that the strategic partnership NGO - Company enabling NGOs to co-build companies’ social responsibility strategies when the dynamics of the process is complete (four phases).

Basé sur une démarche empirique, l’objet d’étude de la thèse est centré sur la notion de pauvreté dans ses dimensions corporelle et politique. Réalisé entre 2006 et 2007 dans une ONG brésilienne où sont enseignées les danses classique et contemporaine à des jeunes des favelas de Fortaleza (métropole du Nordeste du Brésil), le travail ethnographique constitue un fondement empirique pour questionner de manière théorique l’articulation entre les processus de socialisation et d’incorporation dans les logiques de prise en charge des populations dites pauvres, exclues ou marginalisées. Dans le cadre d’une idéologie de l’intégration sociale, nous démontrons comment l’art chorégraphique est réapproprié et utilisé comme mécanisme éducatif de lutte contre l’exclusion sociale. L’enjeu du travail d’observation et d’analyse sociologique est de montrer, dans une démarche compréhensive, en quoi la danse peut être – ou ne pas être – support d’une insertion sociale et d’une affiliation aux institutions éducatives. En d’autres termes, comment l’apprendre par corps peut participer d’un projet de socialisation des populations des favelas. Est-ce qu’apprendre la danse permet – ou ne permet pas – de se constituer un rapport « différent » au monde social et à l’insertion dans ce monde social ? L’observation ethnographique révèle des processus de socialisation qui mettent eu jeu le corps, mais aussi le langage et l’affect. Entre la favela et l’école de danse, l’analyse fait ainsi apparaître une socialisation plurielle qui débouche sur des logiques de socialisation différenciées à la fois complémentaires et conflictuelles. En dépassant la réalité locale observée, cette étude permet finalement une réflexion générale sur les notions d’intégration et d’exclusion, sur la pauvreté dans les favelas, les politiques sociales et les actions des ONG sur ce que l’on nomme les « marges » de la société Brésilienne. / Based on an empirical approach, the object of study of this thesis focuses on the notion of poverty taking into consideration its body and political dimensions. Realised from 2006 to 2007 in a Brazilan dance school and NGO where Contemporary and Classical dance are taught to young people coming from the favelas of Fortaleza (large city of the Northeast of Brazil), ethnographic work constitutes a grounded basis that leads to theoretical questions concerning socialization and embodiment in the context of social work with populations said to be poor, excluded and marginalized. As part of an ideology of social integration, the art of choreography is transformed into an educational means to fight against social exclusion. Adopting a comprehensive approach, the ethnographic observation and the sociological analysis aim at demonstrating how dance can – or cannot – be the support of social integration and affiliation to educational institutions. In other words, how learning through the body experience can take part in the project of socialization of people from the favelas. Does learning dance allow – or not – an individual to create a “different” relation to the social world and to assist the individual being integrated into this social world? The ethnograhic observation highlights socialization processes mobilizing the body but also language and affect. Between the favela and the dance school, the analysis shows a plural socialization that leads to differentiated processes both complementary and conflicting. Surpassing the local reality observed, this study finally brings a larger reflection on the notions of integration and exclusion, poverty in the favelas, social policies and the actions of the NGOs on what is called the “margins” of Brazilian society.

La jurisprudence de la Cour a été commentée et comparée à celle des tribunaux ad'hoc par de nombreux chercheurs. Cependant, ses interactions avec le système international (Etats, organisation internationales) furent quelque peu délaissées. Or, en tant que partie intégrante de ce système, elle ne peut être analysée comme un élément isolé. La stratégie du Procureur est incompréhensible si elle n'est pas rapprochée des attentes et préoccupations de la société internationale. Elle véhicule des valeurs et idéologies en provenance d'une certaine partie du monde au détriment des autres. il est vrai qu'elles sont largement acceptées par la communauté des nations, mais ce fait peut valider certaines réticences face au statut de Rome.Pour l'Union Africaine, la Cour est partiale, faite sur mesure pour les Etats africains plus faibles et la considère comme une nouvelle forme de néocolonialisme. Les ONG internationales, telle Human Right Watch, considèrent nombre de ses membres comme responsables de violations des droits de droits de l'Homme. Faut-il pour autant rejeter leurs préoccupations ?Quand les experts analysent le conseil de sécurité, ils oublient l'illégitimité des membres permanents en matière de respect des droits de l'Homme. L'intervention américaine en Irak fut en son temps dénoncée comme un crime d'agression, et leur incapacité à manipuler en leur faveur le Conseil de Sécurité les a encouragé à envisager une autre invasion en Syrie. Le manque de réaction internationale devant l'illégalité d'une telle opération est signe d'un traitement inégalitaire des Etats. Le rôle des médias ne doit pas être oublié.Pendant l'élaboration du statut de Rome, ses rédacteurs ont voulu préserver la souveraineté des Etats. Ils ont en fait donné aux Etats puissants l'assurance qu'ils échapperont aux poursuites devant la Cour.Ce travail analysera les accusations de partialité et d'efficacité de la Cour et proposera des mesures afin de la rendre plus juste et équitable. / The ICC jurisprudence has been abundantly commented and compared to the others ad'hoc tribunals' works. However, its interaction with the international system (states, international organizations) was not as closely examinated. As an integral part of this system, the court can not be considered as a lone element. It is impossible to understand the prosecutor strategy if the wants and preoccupations of the international society are ignored. As such, the jurisdiction promotes values and ideologies coming from some states or some continents. They are largely accepted by the community of nations but this can validate some states' resistencies to the Rome Statute.The African Union claims that the ICC is partial, made solely for the weaker African nations, and is just another form of neocolonialism. It is true that international NGOs such as Human Right Watch consider most of its leaders as perpetatrors of Human Rights violation. Does it mean however that their concern must be dismissed? When experts analyse the Court or the Security council involvements they failed to point for example the illegitimacy of the five permanent members when it comes to Human Rights. The U.S intervention in Irak is seen by many as a crime of aggression and their inability to move the Security Council in their favour prompted their reaction to invade Syria. The lack of concern of the international community for this new development's illegality is another sign of the inequality of treatment between nations. Mass medias' role will not be forgotten in this research.The Court reacts to this unfair environment and its cases are chosen accordingly. When the Rome Statute was elaborated, the redactors tried to preserve state sovereignty. But in fact they insured that the most powerful states will escape the jurisdiction of the Court.In this paper, we will examine the claims of partiality and dependence of the Court and propose some changes to make it a more equitable and fair jurisdiction.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:43:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Euci Selma Siebra Munhoz.pdf: 3751772 bytes, checksum: 7bd4eeee1644f72a7e88d1a2795fc3b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The present research approaches the fundamental aspects that might contribute for children and adolescents to grow, develop and experiment secure emotional rela-tionships in the context of epidemics such as AIDS and other Sexual Transmittable Diseases. The Objective is to develop actions and practices of Art-Education in Health promoting a constant reflection in order to apply them to self-care, prevention of STD/Aids, and to healthy choices for the development of a personal life project for children and adolescents living and living with HIV/Aids of the Center for Children and Adolescents - CCA of Vila União, a project of the NGO Casa de Assistência Fi-ladélfia. The research was a participatory controlled action-research and presents the reflexes over the experience of the Art-Education workshops in Health of the project Meu Corpo Meu Bem (My body My treasure) held on the CCA with children and adolescents living and living with HIV/Aids. It presents the possibilities of the Tri-angular Proposal of The Teaching of Arts applied in the art-education s workshop of Health, the educational practices of Arts from the point of view of the multidisciplinary team and the visual culture of the children and adolescents in the promoting of self-care, prevention of STD/Aids and Life Project . The results point out to the potential of arts in the development of a critic consciousness that promotes the adoption of preventive practices relating to STD and the epidemic of Aids; the need of capacity building in arts for a better performance of the employees working in an Aids/NGO context; the influence of the parents and caretakers in the sexual education of child-ren and adolescents; the capacity building of formal education teachers and health professionals in order to compound a multidisciplinary team to act in primary pre-vention of STD/Aids. At the end to the study it was possible to see that the Health and Art education workshops enables the construction of Knowledge that is replica-ble to other learning experiences spaces allowing it to be adapted to other groups that are the focus of attention for Prevention Programs in STD/Aids. / O presente trabalho trata de aspectos fundamentais para que crianças e adolescen-tes possam crescer, desenvolver e experimentar relações afetivas e seguras no con-texto de epidemias como Aids e outras doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. O obje-tivo é desenvolver ações e práticas de Arte/Educação em Saúde e refletir sobre elas para serem aplicadas ao autocuidado, à prevenção de DST/Aids, às escolhas sau-dáveis para construção de projeto de vida voltados para crianças e adolescentes que vivem ou convivem com HIV/Aids, do Centro para a Criança e o Adolescente de Vila União, da Casa Assistência Filadélfia. A pesquisa com característica de pesqui-sa-ação do tipo participante apresenta a experiência de atendimento de crianças e adolescentes que vivem ou convivem com HIV/Aids no projeto Meu Corpo Meu Bem refletindo sobre as ações e práticas das oficinas de Arte/Educação em Saúde. Apresenta as possibilidades da Proposta Triangular de Ensino de Arte nas oficinas de Arte/Educação em Saúde, as práticas educativas em Arte do ponto de vista da equipe multidisciplinar e a cultura visual de crianças e adolescentes para promoção do autocuidado, prevenção de DST/Aids e projeto de vida. Os resultados apontam para o potencial da Arte no desenvolvimento de uma consciência crítica que possibi-lita a adoção de atitudes preventivas com relação às DST e a evolução da epidemia da Aids; a necessidade de formação profissional para os que trabalham no contexto de uma ONG/Aids; o envolvimento de pais e cuidadores na orientação em sexuali-dade de crianças e adolescentes; e a capacitação de professores do ensino formal e profissionais da saúde para atuarem em equipes multidisciplinares de prevenção primária de DST/Aids. Concluindo o estudo foi possível constatar que a realização de oficinas de Arte/Educação em Saúde possibilita a construção de um conhecimen-to replicável para outros espaços podendo ser adequado a outros públicos foco da atenção dos programas de prevenção de DST/Aids.

As China emerges as one of the world's top 5 economies, it attracts more multinational corporations (MNCs) that want to expand there and implement corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs. Despite this emergence, since China entered the World Trade Organization, it has not perceived or welcomed MNCs in the same manner as in the 1970s to 1990s. Further, MNCs have had challenges adapting Western-style CSR programs in China's local communities. There is no widely-accepted multidisciplinary theory that integrates CSR, organizational culture, and culture. Hofstede's theory of cultural relativism classified China as a high power distance country where the population has a strong acceptance of large social differences. The purpose of this case study was to discover the extent to which Hofstede's cultural dimension of power distance impacts MNC CSR programs offered in Hainan, China. Five MNC executives and 1 government sector representative were interviewed, and were reviewed in 5 organizations in Hainan, China. Cross case analyses showed that CSR programs were mutually accepted by the local communities and government. Some local community members, however, did not passively accept what those in higher socioeconomic positions believed about the efficacy and need for CSR programs. Rather, local community and government appeared to collaborate, regardless of the government leaders, who are perceived to have more power and influence. These results can inform policy makers, MNCs, international organizations, and nongovernmental organizations about cultural relativity and its impact on MNCs doing business in foreign communities