abstract: This dissertation discusses the findings of an ethnographic exploratory study of Turkana nomadic pastoralist children's sociocultural practices of their everyday lifestyles and science curriculum and instruction in Kenyan early childhood curriculum. The study uses the findings from Turkana elders to challenge the dominant society in Kenya that draws from Western education ideology to unfairly criticize Turkana traditional nomadic cultural practices as resistant to modern education. Yet Turkana people have to rely on the cultural knowledge of their environment for survival. In addition, the community lives in abject poverty caused by the harsh desert environment which has contributed to parents' struggle to support their children's education. Cultural knowledge of Turkana people has received support in research demonstrating the role cultural lifestyles such as nomadic pastoralism play as important survival strategy that enable people to adapt to the harsh desert environment to ensure the survival of their livestock critical for their food security. The study documented ways in which the Kenya national education curriculum, reflecting Western assumptions about education, often alienates and marginalises nomadic children, in its failure to capture their cultural Indigenous knowledge epistemologies. The research investigated the relationships between Turkana children's sociocultural practices of pastoralist lifestyles and the national science curriculum taught in local preschools and first grade science classrooms in Kenya and the extent to which Turkana children's everyday life cultural practices inform science instruction in early childhood grades. Multiple ethnographic methods such as participant and naturalistic observation, focus group interviews, analysis of documents, archival materials, and cultural artifacts were used to explore classrooms instruction and Indigenous sociocultural practices of the Turkana nomads. The findings from the elders' narratives indicated that there was a general congruence in thematic content of science between Turkana Indigenous knowledge and the national science curriculum. However, Turkana children traditionally learned independently by observation and hands-on with continuous scaffolding from parents and peers. The study recommends a science curriculum that is compatible with the Indigenous knowledge epistemologies and instructional strategies that are sensitive to the worldview of nomadic children. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2010

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1551902 bytes, checksum: ddc0492f18ad6c163089edcc5b5a2b7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research aims at examining the popularity of Charlemagne‟s narrative in the Northeastern Brazilian scenario, as well as the process of nomadisms related to the narratives involving carolingian characters in the course between Europe - northeastern Brazil and its linguistic and cultural mouvence to the voice and letter that inhabits the popular imaginary of northeastern people. After the death of Charlemagne, and mainly, in the ninth century, a series of narratives involving this character and his companions began to circulate in some countries in Europe, starting in France. In this country, the narrative is relevant in importance for the development of popular literature. Fixed in the popular stratum in Portugal, the narratives involving Charlemagne begin their process of nomadism towards Brazil around 1769 and 1826. In Brazil, principally in the Northeast, the narrative is structured primarily on an oral support. According to Cascudo, the cantador‟s voice is the first support of this narrative. Returning to the pages of folhetos in 1909, the voice was fixed on the pages written by Leandro Gomes de Barros and it achieved a high rate of consumption amid the Northeastern community. These folhetos are sold today and are famous in Northeast lands, because these carolingian knights with their honor system, their costumes are updated on a mythically figure present in the Northeast popular imaginary, the cangaceiro. Based on these discussions, this research sought to understand two significant processes that involve these narratives, however anchored on Paul Zumhtor‟s concept of nomadism. First, the nomadism of carolingian narrative favors the actualization of the Charlemagne sign in the figure of northeastern cangaceiro. Second, if in this process nomadism of Charlemagne's narrative from the prose structure to verse structure, the catholic discourse current in the prose text is reissued in the Northeast folhetos. Through these two questions, the results reached in this dissertation demonstrate that the process of updating the myth of Charlemagne in the Cangaceiro figure, as well as the strength of the Catholic discourse favored the popularity of the Charlemagne folhetos in northeastern Brazil. / A presente investigação objetiva examinar a popularidade das narrativas pesquisadas sobre Carlos Magno no cenário nordestino, assim como o processo de nomadismos das narrativas que envolvem as personagens carolíngias no trajeto Europa - Nordeste brasileiro e sua atualização lingüístico-cultural para a voz e escritura que habita o imaginário popular do povo nordestino. Após a morte de Carlos Magno, e principalmente, no século VIII, uma série de narrativas envolvendo essa personagem e seus companheiros passaram a circular em alguns países da Europa, partindo da França. Neste país, a narrativa é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento da literatura popular. Fixada na camada popular em Portugal, as narrativas envolvendo Carlos Magno iniciam seu processo de nomadismo rumo ao Brasil por volta de 1769 e 1826. No Brasil, principalmente no Nordeste, a narrativa se estrutura primeiramente no suporte oral, dos cantadores. Segundo Cascudo, a voz do cantador é o primeiro suporte dessa narrativa. Ao voltar às páginas dos cordéis em 1909, a voz foi fixada nas escrituras de Leandro Gomes e alcançou um grande índice de consumo em meio à comunidade nordestina. Esses folhetos são comercializados até hoje e são famosos no interior nordestino, pois estes cavaleiros carolíngios com seu código de honra, suas indumentárias se atualizaram miticamente em uma figura expressiva do imaginário popular nordestino: o cangaceiro. A partir dessas discussões, buscou-se nessa pesquisa compreender dois processos significativos que envolvem essas narrativas, a partir do conceito zumthorianos de nomadismo. Primeiro, o nomadismo da narrativa carolíngia favorece a atualização do signo Carlos Magno na figura do cangaceiro nordestino; segundo, se nesse processo de nomadismo da narrativa de Carlos Magno da estrutura de prosa para a estrutura de verso, o discurso exemplar, pautado pela ótica do catolicismo é reeditado nos folhetos nordestinos. Por meio desses dois questionamentos, os resultados auferidos nessa dissertação demonstram que o processo de atualização do mito Carlos Magno na figura do Cangaceiro, assim como a força do discurso católico favoreceram a popularidade dos folhetos de Carlos Magno no Nordeste.

Ce travail tente de répondre à la problématique suivante : de quelle façon un écrivain, en l’occurrence Ibrahim Al Koni, peut-il témoigner de l’histoire et de la culture de son peuple, les Touaregs (en danger d’extinction), sans verser dans le discours ethnographique ou le manifeste politique ? La réponse qui vient immédiatement à l’esprit c’est : par l’écriture.Or l’oralité étant le mode d’expression et de transmission principal de la société touarègue, l’auteur va se trouver dans la nécessité d’user d’une langue « étrangère » (l’arabe), et d’une forme exogène (le roman) pour accomplir cette œuvre. Mais la gageure ne s’arrête pas là : Al Koni se propose de restituer à son peuple des valeurs et un mode de vie menacés par l’oubli et la dislocation de l’espace traditionnel nomade. Il lui faut alors inventer une matrice originale capable de véhiculer ces valeurs et de retrouver l’oasis perdue « Waw » baignant dans la parole première du livre des Ancêtres « Anhi ». C’est par l’investissement des mythes fondateurs touaregs dans la trame des intrigues romanesques qu’il réussira cette alchimie et parviendra à fonder un genre nouveau dans la littérature arabe et mondiale contemporaines : Le Roman du désert. / This work aims at answering the following question : how can a writer, in this case Ibrahim Al Koni, testify to the history and culture of his people, the Touaregs (endangered), without producing neither an ethnographic speech nor a political manifest ? The answer just immediately to mind is : by writing. However, the main mode of expression and transmission in the touareg society is orality. That is why the author will need to use a “foreign” language (arabic) and an exogenous form (the novel) to accomplish this mission. But the challenge does not stop here : Al Koni intends to give back to his people many values and a way of life threatened by oblivion and by the collapse of the traditional nomadic space. He than needs to invent an original matrix able to convey these values and find “Waw”, the lost oasis, bathing in the prime speech of the ancestors book, “Anhi”. By investing touaregs founding myths in the frame of romanesques intrigues, Al Koni manages to succeed this alchemy and builds a new genre in the arab and contemporary world literature : The Novel of the desert.

La thèse étudie l'œuvre d'Isabelle Eberhardt, écrivaine-voyageuse qui explore l'Algérie et la Tunisie entre 1897 et 1904. La définition de l'œuvre originale demeure difficile étant donné que plusieurs éditeurs ont modifié les écrits d'Eberhardt. Une analyse des éditions disponibles et la consultation des manuscrits conservés aux Archives nationales d'outre-mer d'Aix-en-Provence ont permis de donner des éclaircissements à ce sujet, bien que la situation reste délicate. Isabelle Eberhardt voyage au Maghreb dans le but de s'établir en Algérie pour toujours, construire sa nouvelle identité, écrire des textes à publier et connaître les traditions locales. La variété de ses projets fait en sorte que sa démarche ait des implications personnelles, littéraires et scientifiques. La méthode de recherche mise en place par notre écrivaine au cours de ses voyages a été approfondie et résumée dans l'alternance entre participation et éloignement. La poétique eberhardtienne résulte également claire et elle se base sur la valorisation de la vitalité du milieu ainsi que sur la définition d'un espace existentiel et vivant. Les textes sont le résultat d'un riche processus de formation, de connaissance, d'écriture et ils ont été analysés à partir d'une interprétation critique et théorique. L'expérience eberhardtienne et les valeurs qu'elle encourage permettent de rapprocher l'écrivaine aux études concernant le rapport entre la géographie et la littérature. / The thesis describes the work of Isabelle Eberhardt, a travel writer who explores Algeria and Tunisia between 1897 and 1904. The establishment of the original edition of her texts presents several problems considering that quite a number of publishers modified them. The analysis of the editions that are available today and the consultation of manuscripts retained in the Archives nationales d'outre-mer in Aix-en-Provence, allowed to obtain some helpful clarification on this subject, even if the situation remains delicate. Isabelle Eberhardt travels to the islamic Maghreb with the intention of living in Algeria for good, in the desire to construct her new identity, write publishable texts, learn more about local traditions. The diversity of projects means that there is a personal involvement as well a literary and scientific intention. The research method used by our writer during her journeys has been investigated and summerized by the alternation of engagement and estrangement. Eberhardt's poetics is equally clear and it is based on the valorization of the lieu's vitality as well as on the definition of an existential and living space. The texts are the product of a formation process knowledge-based and with a literary purpose. They have been analyzed with a critical and interpretative approach. Isabelle Eberhardt's experience and the values that it promotes make possible a rapprochement with the studies exploring connections between literature and geography.

Partant de l’exemple des steppes sud-oranaises, nous avons essayé de démontrer l’existence d’un modèle nomade de la pratique spatiale ainsi que son évolution à travers le temps, avec ses conséquences visibles et substantielles dans cette portion de l’espace algérien. Car les relations que les nomades entretiennent avec leur espace s’établissent selon un système de significations propre à cette société, dont il traduit l’histoire, le parcours, les expériences, les valeurs et les imaginations… au total une culture qui lui est propre et qui, en interférant avec les caractéristiques et les atouts du milieu naturel, donne naissance à un paysage. Or, la société nomade ainsi que son mode d’utilisation et d’adaptation à l’espace fait l’objet depuis une trentaine d’années d’une restructuration qui a provoqué des mutations du genre de vie et une recomposition des territoires ancestraux. La sédentarisation demeure un élément essentiel de ce changement qui a ses répercussions sur l’espace en général et sur celui des sédentaires en particulier. Quoiqu’il perdure, le nomadisme se transforme, prenant d’autres formes et utilisant d’autres outils. Peut-on parler d’une adaptation ou d’une résidualité conduisant à la décadence et finissant par une disparition ? L’espace perçu, vécu et représenté des nomades est-il pris en compte dans la gestion et l’aménagement de l’environnement/territoire ? Ce qui est identifié pour les groupes nomades de la steppe sud-oranaise peut servir d’illustration pour évoquer certains processus communs à plusieurs cultures, ou de point de comparaison avec d’autres sociétés, notamment de chasseurs-cueilleurs, autres nomades confrontés à une culture et un modèle allogènes et puissants. / From the example of the steppes of South Oran, we tried to demonstrate a model of nomadic space practice and its evolution through time, with its own visible and substantial consequences in a portion of Algerian’s space. The relation between nomads and their space settled in a specific meaning system. Its history, career, experiences, values and imaginations… in short, a culture of its own is arise from that relation, which by interfering with the features and advantages of the natural environment rise to a landscape. However, the nomadic society and its mode of space’s use and adaptation have been restructuring since the last thirty years. This restructuration has caused several mutations in their way of life and led to the reconstruction of ancestral territories. The settlement remains an essential element of those changes which impact on space. Although nomadism continues, it turns into other form and other tools. Can we speak of an adaptation or a residuality leading to decadence and ending with a loss? The Nomad’s perceived lived and represented space, is it taken into account in the management and development environment/territory? This identified, the south Oran nomadic society can serve as an illustration to evoke some process common to many cultures, or to compare it with other societies, such as hunter-gathers, others nomads facing an alien culture and powerful models.

Gegenstand der Dissertation sind die Ausgrabungen in der uigurischen Hauptstadt Karabalgasun/Mongolei der Jahre 2009-2011. Ein Schwerpunkt ist die Darstellung und Auswertung der Grabungsergebnisse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der bauarchäologischen und stadtgeschichtlich relevanten Zeugnisse. Die Ausgrabungsergebnisse werden in den Kontext der frühen Siedlungs- und Stadtgeschichte Zentralasiens unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Mongolei, Südsibiriens und Burjatiens eingebunden. Ein erklärtes Ziel der Dissertation ist, die besondere Bedeutung von spätnomadischen Stadtgründungen und Gründungsstädten im Zusammenhang spätnomadischer Herrschaftsbildungen zu erhellen und damit zu einem neuen Verständnis der Stadt im zentralasiatischen Nomadentum im Allgemeinen beizutragen.

Recent estimates suggest that there are currently around 4.8 million people who consider themselves to be digital nomads. They are widely depicted in the media, most often as young professionals who successfully combine work, leisure and travel into one holistic lifestyle. Despite this significant presence in today's popular culture, from a research point of view, digital nomadism is almost unexplored phenomenon. Therefore, the aim of this work is the analysis and interpretation of the phenomenon of digital nomadism, not only through my own ethnographic research and reflection, but also in terms of current theoretical concepts in anthropology of tourism and mobility. The research itself focuses mainly on selected aspects often associated with digital nomadism in the mainstream media, and how informants reflect them. I deal with aspects such as the blurred boundaries between work and leisure, mobility slowdown, the origin of co-working spaces, the concept of freedom and, last but not least, the social changes that have led to the global expansion of this phenomenon. Keywords: digital nomadism, anthropology of tourism, mobility, travelling, digital technologies, work

A tese pretende articular nomadismo e sustentabilidade através do design. A hipótese visa a confirmar que nomadismo e sustentabilidade estão intimamente relacionados e busca entender de que maneira o designer pode incorporar estes princípios em seu processo de trabalho. Reflete sobre a questão da sustentabilidade, a partir do comportamento nômade, conforme o referencial teórico das contribuições de autores como Bernard Rudofsky, Ezio Manzini, Felix Guatari, Gilles Deleuze, Michel Maffesoli, Paul Zumthor, Robert Kronenburg, Teshome Gabriel, Victor Papanek, dentre outros, sob a ótica do design. A tese inclui resultados de entrevistas, realizadas no Brasil e no exterior, com especialistas e arquitetos que trabalham e vivenciam as temáticas pesquisadas. Contém um levantamento que se refere à identificação e análise de soluções de design para habitar um mundo onde a necessidade de se deslocar tem se tornado cada vez mais recorrente. As propostas para habitações móveis e adaptáveis vão além de categorias usuais, por isso, o design sem fronteiras atravessa os limites entre arquitetura e design por hibridismos que vagueiam entre edifíciosveículos; mobiliárioferramentas; vestuárioequipamentos. Os cinco capítulos são divididos tematicamente nas categorias: Partir; Reconhecer o Local, Conhecer os Outros; Buscar os Recursos; Definir a Duração e Retornar, oferecendo uma chave de leitura sobre a jornada nômade. O objetivo da tese é gerar diretrizes projetuais inovadoras que considerem as formas contemporâneas de vida nômade, respeitando os requisitos ambientais. Estas diretrizes são apresentadas na conclusão, como direcionamento aos designers. / The thesis aims to articulate nomadism and sustainability through design. The hypothesis aims to confirm that nomadism and sustainability are closely related and tries to understand how designer can incorporate these principles in work process. It reflects about sustainability issues and nomadic behavior, accoding to the theoretical referencial of the contributions of authors such as Bernard Rudofsky, Ezio Manzini, Felix Guatari, Gilles Deleuze, Michel Maffesoli, Paul Zumthor, Robert Kronenburg, Teshome Gabriel, Victor Papanek amongst others, under the optics of design. The thesis includes results of interviews, carried through in Brazil and abroad, with specialists and architects who work and experience the thematic searched. It has a survey to identify and to analyze design solutions to inhabit a world where the necessity for dislocation has become more and more recurrent. The proposals for mobile and adaptable dwellings go beyond usual categories, therefore, design without borders crosses the limits between architecture and design to hybrid forms that wanders between buildingvehicles; furnituretools; garmentequipment. The five chapters are divided by theme in categories To go away; To recognize the place, To know the others; To catch resources; To define duration; To go back providing a range of keys for interpretation of the nomadic journey. The goal of the thesis is to generate innovative design directions that consider the contemporaries forms of nomadic life, respecting the environmental requirements. These design directions are presented in the conclusion, as suggestions for designers.

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans un ensemble de travaux récents qui ont pour objet la contribution des Européens aux processus de création et d’évolution du jazz. Les migrants européens du XIXe et du début du XXe siècle véhiculent avec eux des singularités culturelles qui marquent la musique américaine. Le rôle des Tsiganes et de leurs représentations outre-Atlantique méritent d’être étudiés. Notre démarche historique s’appuie sur l’établissement d’un corpus issu de la lecture de la presse américaine des années 1880 aux années 1940, confronté à des sources variées dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire (histoire de l’art, musique et géographie). Un plan croisé permet d’étudier dans un premier temps la réception de l’image des Tsiganes dans les divertissements américains, dans la musique romantique et dans le jazz. Nous observons l’omniprésence du thème tsigane, l’apparition d’un véritable mythe et son appropriation américaine. Dans un second temps, nous montrons dans quelle mesure les Tsiganes et leurs musiques contribuent à définir le jazz et ses origines. Enfin, nous analysons dans une troisième partie la circulation des Tsiganes en Amérique et leur installation dans les grandes villes des États-Unis où des musiciens tsiganes jouent du jazz. / This academic research work is part of a series of recent studies whose aim is to show to what extent Europeans contributed to the birth of jazz and how they marked the development of this new kind of music. American music bears the stamp of the cultural idiosyncrasies that 19th and 20th century European migrants brought along. It is worthwhile focusing on the role played by Gypsies and the way they were perceived across the Atlantic. The reading of the American press from the 1880s to the 1940s, together with a wide variety of other sources, has provided a solid basis for a historical analysis with a multidisciplinary approach including art history, music and geography. A double-entry framework allows one to first study how Gypsies were perceived and represented in American entertainments, romantic music and jazz. What is noticeable is the omnipresence of the Gypsy theme, the emergence of a myth and its Americanization. Secondly, one can see the way Gypsy musics help define jazz music and give clues as to its origins. The third part is devoted to the Gypsies’ nomadic way of life throughout the United States and their settling in large cities where Gypsy musicians played jazz.

<p>Males and females differ in morphology and behaviour, so that selection acts differently on the two sexes. This changes the relative reproductive success of males and females, and it is beneficial for parents to bias the sex ratio of their broods in favour of the sex with the best survival and breeding prospects. Differences between the sexes and brood sex ratio in Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) in northern Sweden were investigated, using a molecular sexing technique based on PCRamplification of sex-linked CHD1 genes. Among owls caught during autumn migration, females were commoner than males, especially within juveniles. However, in contrast to earlier studies, it was shown that adult males sometimes undertake migratory movements indicatory of nomadism. Measurements of these owls revealed that sexual size dimorphism in Tengmalm’s owl is not as great as previously reported from studies carried out during the breeding season. Females were slightly larger (4% by mass) than males, probably owing to the different roles of males and females during breeding, when this dimorphism is greater. The size difference between male and female nestlings was found to be similar to that for adults in autumn, and to investigate whether this led to differential mortality, the effect of supplementary feeding on mortality of male and female nestlings was studied. Supplementary feeding reduced male mortality when vole abundance was low, and it was concluded that larger female nestlings out-competed their smaller brothers, who then suffered increased mortality when food was scarce. Recruitment of male nestlings into the breeding population declined with decreasing food supply at the time of fledging, a pattern not observed in females. Juvenile males were therefore more vulnerable to food shortage than females, both in the nest and after fledging. Mean brood sex ratio varied significantly among years characterized by different phases of the vole cycle and associated vole abundance. Broods were male-biased (63% males) in a year when the food supply was favourable during spring and summer, neutral (50%) in a year with an intermediate food supply, and female-biased (35% males) in a year when food was in short supply. Parents appeared to adaptively adjust the sex ratio of their broods according to the relative mortality risk and reproductive potential of sons and daughters.</p>